1、Section AWelcome to the unit&Reading1.absence in the absence of.缺乏in/during sb.s absence某人不在/缺席的时候absence of mind心不在焉absence from school/work 缺课/缺勤absent adj.缺席，不在；心不在焉的；不存在，缺少be absent from.缺席absent-minded adj.心不在焉的，健忘的练习：Im sorry for my _(absent)from your birthday party yesterday.I was writing an
2、essay to be handed in today.absence2.botherIt bothers sb.to do sth./that 做某事/使某人烦恼。bother sb.(about/with sth.)（拿某事）烦扰某人bother doing sth./to do sth.费心做某事bother about/with sth.为某事费心/花费时间精力Why bother(.)?干吗要费事（）？练习：He didnt want to bother her _ these problems when she was on holiday.with/about3.occupyoc
3、cupy sb./sth./oneself in doing sth.使忙于做某事occupy sb./sth./oneself with sth.使忙于做某事occupation n.工作，职业；消遣，业余活动occupied adj.忙于（不用于名词前）be occupied(with/in)doing sth.忙于做某事be occupied with/in sth.忙于某事练习：_(occupy)herself in looking after her newborn twins,Linda had to sacrifice her career.Occupying4.exposure
4、expose sb.to sth.使某人接触/体验/遭受某事物expose vt.使接触，使体验；暴露，显露；揭穿，揭露；使面临，使遭受sb.be exposed to sth.某人接触/体验/遭受某事物练习：Speaking fluent English like native speakers requires extensive _(expose)to the English environment.exposure5.vitalbe vital to/for.对极为重要It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要。Its vital that 尤为重要。（that引导的主语
5、从句中谓语要用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略）练习：Understanding history is vital _ understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.to/forIn _,Yuri Gagarin became the first man to journey into outer space.In _,Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon.In _,David Scott and James Irwin became the f
6、irst men to travel in a wheeled vehicle on the Moon.In _,the first astronauts moved into the ISS.1961196919712000(1)China successfully landed its first Mars rover Zhurong in 2021.What do you know about this achievement or other achievements China has made in space exploration?I know about Chinas Tia
7、nwen-1 Mars probe which was launched successfully on 23 July 2020.In February 2021 it entered the Mars orbit and sent back its first picture of the planet.The name Tianwen comes from one poem written by Quyuan,literally meaning Questions to Heaven.The Mars rover Zhurong carried a variety of instrume
8、nts and cameras to help with its scientific research.Zhurong successfully landed on the Red Planet on 15 May 2021 and then sent back its first images from the surface of Mars.Tianwen-l is Chinas first Mars mission and it is the first phase of the countrys deep space and interplanetary exploration.It
9、 is setting the stage for Chinas future interplanetary missions to near-Earth objects and the Jupiter system.(2)What other major breakthroughs in space exploration do you know about?I know about the first image of a black hole that was released in April 2019.In2017 a network of linked radio telescop
10、es around the world made observations of a distant galaxy that contained a massive black hole at its centre.No human had ever seen an actual picture of a black hole before,so these observations resulted in this historic image.It was the first time that we had been able to determine what a black hole
11、 might look like and the discovery also revealed more support for Albert Einsteins general theory of relativity.(3)If you had the chance,would you like to go into space?Why or why not?Yes,I would most certainly jump at the chance to travel into space.Once I arrive in orbit,I would experience weightl
12、essness and I am sure it would be fun watching anything that is not pinned down floating around me.I would visit the Moon;it takes about three days to get there.A walk on the Moon would be a definite highlight of my trip.The Moons gravity is weaker than the Earths,so I would be able to jump as high
13、as three metres off the Moons surface!The view of the Earth from the Moon would be breathtaking and I know that it would be the memory I would treasure forever.No,I would not want to go into space because it would possibly be a very uncomfortable journey,not to mention the danger that comes with suc
14、h a trip.This journey into space only takes about eight and a half minutes,but during that period,the spacecraft shakes violently while it picks up speed.As the force of gravity becomes stronger,it would feel like something heavy is sitting on my chest,probably making it difficult to breathe.But,tha
15、t is only one of my safety concerns.Beneath the spaceship is a large amount of explosive fuel used to ignite the rocket enginesjust one small engineering error can lead to a deadly explosion!Im sure the view from the spaceship,once I arrive in orbit,would be spectacular.However,Im still not convince
16、d such an uncomfortable and dangerous trip would be worth it!What famous astronauts do you know about?I know about Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei who went into space in 2003 aboard Shenzhou 5.He was the first Chinese citizen to go into space and his historic journey consisted of 14 orbits around the E
17、arth.His entire mission took more than 21 hours.Yang has received many honours,both at home and abroad,including the UNESCO Medal on Space Science.I know about the astronaut Liu Yang who was the first Chinese woman to go into space.Liu joined the astronaut corps in 2010.She was launched into space o
18、n16 June 2012,aboard Shenzhou 9,which successfully completed Chinas first crewed space docking when it docked with the space module Tiangong-1.LiuYang was in charge of medical experiments during the mission.What do you think astronauts on a space station do every day?I think daily life on a space st
19、ation is similar to that on the Earth,except that astronauts have to adapt to doing everything in smaller spaces and in an environment that is weightless and also dangerous.Just like on the Earth,their days would include sleeping,eating,working,exercising and relaxing.However,when going about their
20、daily routines,the astronauts must follow the necessary rules and processes to ensure their safety because any damage to the space station could result in danger.Astronauts on the space station will have to maintain the station.During their leisure time,they can do some exercise,read a book or talk
21、to their families or friends over video chat.WorkingPerforming tasks outside the space stationEatingExerciseLeisure activities(1)How do astronauts sleep in space?(2)What routine tasks do astronauts do on the space station?They usually sleep in private quarters,which are more like large cupboards,or
22、in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.Their main mission is to conduct scientific research.As well as doing biological experiments,they carry out experiments in other research fields.They also constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.(3)What do spacesuits allow astronaut
23、s to do?(4)How do astronauts drink water or any other liquids?(5)Why do astronauts need to spend some time in the gym?Spacesuits allow them to breathe in space and protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation.Astronauts must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube o
24、f plastic.Astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass in just five months.Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body,they discipline themselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.VerbsNounsAdjectivesAdverbsadventureadventure,adventureradve
25、nturousadventurouslydifferdifferencedifferentdifferentlydefinedefinitiondefinite,definingdefinitelyrewardrewardrewardingrewardinglyremarkremarkremarkableremarkably(1)What do you think of daily life on a space station?Use details from the lecture transcript to support your opinion.I think that daily
26、life on a space station can be challenging but also exciting.Normal daily activities that are done without effort by us down on the Earth present a challenge to the astronauts on the space station.For example,the lecturer describes how to sleep in space:.we have to attach ourselves so that we dont f
27、loat around.and Its strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back.,which shows it is very inconvenient and uncomfortable to sleep in a low-gravity environment.In addition,Its a luxury to eat fresh food and the astronauts eat dried or freeze-dried food.Also,they“must drink water or a
28、ny other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.This shows eating on the space station greatly differs from that on the Earth.However,the idea that astronauts can do something most people could never do is mind-blowing.The spacewalk is described by the lecturer as probably the most dang
29、erous work,with potential risks such as electric shocks,but living in space with the feeling of freedom must be a life-changing experience.Besides,they are able to enjoy the splendid view of the Earth below their feet!(2)At the end of the lecture,what questions would you like to ask the astronaut?I
30、would ask her about her thoughts on whether common people will be able to visit a tourist space station one day.I would ask her if she saw anything unusual out in space while she was on the space station.I would ask her what personal items she had taken with her to the space station.I would ask her
31、how the astronauts take showers,go to the toilet and wash their hands.(3)What qualities do you think are needed to become an astronaut?I think astronauts need to be able to cope with high levels of stress in order to successfully live and work in small spaces like a space shuttle or a space station.
32、They also need to be able to cope with being away from family and friends for long periods of time and to respond quickly in such risky circumstances.They have to specialize in a certain field in order to perform experiments well in an unusual environment and solve difficult problems that arise.Being calm under pressure would be a particularly essential quality too because certain tasks such as spacewalks can be dangerous.In addition to the above,astronauts need to be physically strong and healthy seeing that their bodies are greatly affected by the low-gravity environment.
