1、Section B Grammar and usageVocabulary 1.emphasislay/put/place emphasis on sth.强调/重视某事emphasise（同emphasize）vt.强调；重视；着重emphasise the importance of.强调的重要性练习：One cannot _(emphasis)too much the potential danger of nuclear energy.emphasise/emphasize2.advocateadvocate(doing)sth.提倡（做）某事，主张（做）某事advocate that
2、 提倡/主张（从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可省略）an advocate for/of 的支持者/拥护者advocate后接v.-ing做宾语，不能接动词不定式做宾语。练习：We advocate _(seek)a proper solution for these frictions and problems on the basis of equal consultation(协商).seeking3.beliefbeyond belief 令人难以置信have belief in 相信，信任；怀有信念have/hold the belief that.相信I
3、ts ones belief that=Ones belief is that 某人相信believe v.相信，认为真实believe sb.相信某人（的话）believe in sb.信任某人believe it or not 信不信由你It is believed that.人们相信（It为形式主语）练习：It is our belief _ improvements in health care will lead to a more prosperous(繁荣的)economy.thatLeading inPart AThink and finish the tableRomanti
4、cismDefinitionIt was a(1)_ from the late 18th to the mid-19th century,involving(2)_ and poets.The aimTo(3)_ of the 18th century To put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling,(4)_ and a return to the pastRepresentatives of English poets(5)_The common theme in Romantic poetryCelebrating
5、 the beauty of(6)_The significanceThe poetry of the Romantic era is one of(7)_cultural movementpainters,musicians,novelistsbreak with the idealsthe love of natureWilliam Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelleynature and country life the greatest treasures in W
6、estern literatureSubjects,celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.Predicatives The aim of the Romantics was to break with Romantic poets were often not pleased with they were not always interested in Objects they refused to follow rigid rules;Instea
7、d,they advocated going back to nature.Complements people were made to work long hours.Attributives a process called industrialization.Adverbials Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature,Grammar 动词不定式的功能动词不定式的功能动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。（1）做主语含义：表示具体的或一次性
8、的动作。谓语动词的数：动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。位置：动词不定式做主语时，可位于句首，也可位于句末。（it 做形式主语）To do such things is very foolish.做这样的事情是很愚蠢的。It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。注意：不定式做主语时多数情况下可以用动名词替换，但在以下三种情况下不能替换：一些固定说法中；表示强烈的对比时；表示某一次具体的动作或具体的情况时。To err is human.人非圣贤，孰能无过。To respect others is
9、 to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。To finish this work in one day is impossible.一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（2）做宾语有些动词后常跟不定式（而不跟动词-ing形式）做宾语，如decide，afford，agree，attempt，choose，determine，demand，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse等。We decided to leave early.我们决定早点动身。用于“动词+it+adj./n.+to do
10、sth.”结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel，find，think，believe，consider，make等。I feel it my duty to help others.我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。I find it pleasant to work with him.我发现跟他一起工作挺愉快的。（3）做表语动词不定式置于be，become，sound，taste 等系动词后面做表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。His dream
11、 is to become an astronaut.他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。（4）做定语动词不定式做定语可表示将来的还没发生的动作。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前，还有许多要处理的问题。序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式做定语。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。抽象名词time，way，reas
12、on，chance，courage，ability，promise，attempt等后常用动词不定式做定语。He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这儿。something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?（5）做状语动词不定式可做目的状语、原因状语、结果状语。To catch the first bus,he got up early.为了赶头班车，他起得很早。（目的）Glad to see you.见到你很高兴。
13、（原因）He got to the station only to find the train had left.他到了车站却发现火车已经开走了。（结果）（6）做补语ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit，warn，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等动词后可接动词不定式做补语。My teacher encouraged me to study abroad.我的老师鼓励我出国留学。动词动词-ing形式的功能形式的功能动词-ing形式可做主语、宾语、表语、状语（时间状语、原因状语、结果状语
14、、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语）、补语等。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（主语、表语）Would you mind my smoking?你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）Being tired,I stopped to have a rest.我累了，于是停下来休息。（原因状语）I saw my children taking their books to the library.我看见我的孩子们带书去了图书馆。（补语）动词动词-ed形式的功能形式的功能动词-ed形式可做表语、定语、状语、补语等。I am tired now.我现在累了。（表语）fallen leaves
15、 落叶（定语）Given more time,I will do better.如果给我更多的时间，我会做得更好。（状语）I saw a whale killed by a group of killer whales.我看见一头鲸被一群虎鲸杀死了。（补语）Exercise 1.I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.2.New technologies have made it possible _(turn)out new products faster
16、and at a lower cost.3.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _(tell)one from the other.4.Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,including your own.5.People want to listen to someone who is _(interest),relaxed and comfortable.to lockto turnto tellto changeinteresting6.Lan
17、ding on the moons far side is extremely _(challenge).7.After high school,Jennifer attended a local technical college,_(work)to pay her tuition(学费),because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.8.I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes _(read)up to three books a day as a ch
18、ild.9.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments _(use)some common vegetables.10.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,_(allow)more patients to be treated.challengingworkingreadingusingallowing11.She decided to go back to college to advance her caree
19、r and to be able to better support her family while _(do)something she loves:nursing.12.Weve all been there:in a lift,in line at the bank or on an airplane,_(surround)by people who are,like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or,worse,struggling with the uncomfortable silence.13._(order)over a we
20、ek ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.14._(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.15._(found)in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.doingsurroundedOrderedRaisedFounded1.Romantic poets experimented
21、 with new poetic forms.They were particularly interested in it.2.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when they described natural scenes.3.Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration.Romantic poets were particularly interested in experime
22、nting with new poetic forms.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when describing natural scenes.Poems focusing on nature often stress the moment of inspiration.4.Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes,and contain rich sens
23、ory details.5.Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals,finding concerns common to all of them is sometimes difficult.Filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes,many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details.Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and inde
24、pendent individuals,it is sometimes difficult to find concerns common to all of them.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringMeetingwrittento expressto liveWilliam Wordsworth:a(1)_ of the Romantic movement in England1770He was born in England.1791(2)1795(3)1798(4)leading poetHe received his degree from Cambrid
25、ge.He met Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the two became close friends.Lyrical Ballads,a collection of poems was published,which was Wordsworths first great work and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.Reading poems helps develop deep insight into what the poet wants to express.Every poem is
26、unique to its poet and its message might first need to be discovered before it can be understood.A poem also represents what the poet was experiencing at that time,such as passion or sorrow.When I read a poem,I want to discover and understand the poets message.So I often think about what the poet was going through at that time.Understanding the poets thoughts and feelings opens up a whole new world for me and keeps me from getting bored.Thank you
