1、牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件Unit 4 Exploring poetry ReadingHow to read a poem制作者：桂东一中李宇平 内容分析内容分析【What】本板块的语篇是一篇演本板块的语篇是一篇演讲稿，主题是讲稿，主题是“如何读诗如何读诗”。演讲者。演讲者开宗明义，首先指出开宗明义，首先指出“诗歌是音韵和诗歌是音韵和意象的结合体意象的结合体”；然后结合实例依次；然后结合实例依次提出以下四条读诗的建议：通过读和提出以下四条读诗的建议：通过读和听，感受诗歌的音韵美；通过看和想，听，感受诗歌的音韵美；通过看和想，体会诗歌的意象美；领悟诗歌意蕴莫体会诗歌的意象美；领悟诗歌意
2、蕴莫急躁；欣赏诗歌之美勿求全。最后，急躁；欣赏诗歌之美勿求全。最后，演讲者期望听众能享受读诗的乐趣。演讲者期望听众能享受读诗的乐趣。【Why】本板块以演讲的形式本板块以演讲的形式介绍了赏读英文诗歌的方法，旨在介绍了赏读英文诗歌的方法，旨在引导学生从音韵和意象两方面欣赏引导学生从音韵和意象两方面欣赏英文诗歌，领略诗歌的主题意义和英文诗歌，领略诗歌的主题意义和语言之美，鼓励学生学会从诗歌这语言之美，鼓励学生学会从诗歌这一文学形式中汲取营养，提高文学一文学形式中汲取营养，提高文学素养。素养。【How】这篇演讲稿具有结构这篇演讲稿具有结构清晰、行文流畅、逻辑严密的特点。清晰、行文流畅、逻辑严密的特点。
3、全文共分六段，首段以全文共分六段，首段以“诗歌是音诗歌是音韵和意象的结合体韵和意象的结合体”开篇，最后一开篇，最后一段以探讨段以探讨“诗歌这一音韵和意象结诗歌这一音韵和意象结合体的作用合体的作用”结尾，做到了首尾呼结尾，做到了首尾呼应；中间四段每段各提一条建议，应；中间四段每段各提一条建议，行文中使用了行文中使用了 First、Second、Third、Finally 标明顺序，使读者能够迅速标明顺序，使读者能够迅速找到主题句并获取段落大意。作者找到主题句并获取段落大意。作者在使用主题句简明扼要地提出建议在使用主题句简明扼要地提出建议后，还结合具体例子加以说明。后，还结合具体例子加以说明。除此
4、之外，这篇演讲稿在行文中使除此之外，这篇演讲稿在行文中使用了疑问句、情态动词、复合形容用了疑问句、情态动词、复合形容词、非谓语动词等，使内容更加生词、非谓语动词等，使内容更加生动活泼，这有助于激发听众的兴趣，动活泼，这有助于激发听众的兴趣，烘托演讲的气氛，增强建议的说服烘托演讲的气氛，增强建议的说服力。力。教学目标教学目标By the end of this section,we will be able to:1.talk about the main idea of this lecture transcript;2.interpret the four tips on how to re
5、ad a poem;3.appreciate a poem following the four tips;4.analyse the writing techniques of this lecture transcript.教学过程教学过程（一）（一）学习理解学习理解 A.Understanding the text 1.People with the impression that poetry is difficult to understand often hesitate about reading poetry.The lecture transcript below expla
6、ins how to better understand and appreciate poems.Before you read the lecture transcript,think about the following questions:P44 Why do people read poems?Poems create vivid pictures and tell stories by using language creatively.Readers enjoy the challenge of trying to understand the poets intention
7、in writing a poem.A poem is a window(了解信息的渠道；窗口了解信息的渠道；窗口)into the poets ideas and feelings about issueshappening during the time when it was written.Readers can look at the poems form and literary devices(手段；策略；手段；策略；方法；技巧方法；技巧)to see what the poet saw.By reading it aloud,they can feel the rhythms
8、and rhymes of the poem as well as the poets emotions.What aspects of a poem do you pay attention to when you read it?I pay attention to a poems form,its rhythm and rhyme,as well as the words used by the poet.The purpose of the poem is often shown by its form.For example,poets use extremely long form
9、s for narrating stories.A poems rhythm and rhyme help me understand the poets feelings through sound.Word choice and literary devices enable me to understand the meaning of the poem better.2.Read the lecture transcript.Poetry is a combination of“sound”and“sense”.More than any other type of literatur
10、e,it usually implies a deeper meaning beyond the words on the page.So,how to reveal this hidden dimension?诗歌是诗歌是“音音”与与“意意”的融合。与其他任的融合。与其他任何文学类型相比，诗歌通常隐含着超越字何文学类型相比，诗歌通常隐含着超越字面的更深层含义。那么，如何揭示隐藏的面的更深层含义。那么，如何揭示隐藏的这个方面呢？这个方面呢？more than+名词名词(名词从句或起名词作名词从句或起名词作用的动词不定式用的动词不定式)，一般可以译作，一般可以译作“不不只只”“”“不仅仅不仅仅”
11、、超过、超过”、“远不远不止止”、“不同于不同于”等。例如：等。例如：Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。Mathematics,much more than technology,has a life of its own independent of science.数学与技术不数学与技术不同，它本身有一段不依赖科学的历史。同，它本身有一段不依赖科学的历史。First,follow your ears.While you may ask“What does it mean?”as yo
12、u begin reading a poem,it is better to ask“How does it sound?”Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp,you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.beyond ones grasp“无法理解无法理解”。如：如：He has a good grasp of various painting styles.他对各种绘画风格都了如指掌。他对各种绘画风格都了
13、如指掌。This essay is beyond the grasp of an average high school student.这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。Do you detect a rhythm?Are there any repeated words,rhymes or other special effects?All of these are good qualities to notice,and they may lead you to a better understanding of the poem in the end.Re
14、ad these lines to feel how they sound.朗读下面这几句诗，感朗读下面这几句诗，感受它们的音律。受它们的音律。Sweet and low,sweet and low,Wind of the western sea,Low,low,breathe and blow,Wind of the western sea!Over the rolling waters go,Come from the dying moon,and blow,Blow him again to me;While my little one,while my pretty one,sleep
15、s.(From“Sweet and Low”by Alfred Tennyson)轻轻地，柔和地；轻轻地，柔和地，轻轻地，柔和地；轻轻地，柔和地，西边的海风，西边的海风，吹过，拂过，轻轻，轻轻，吹过，拂过，轻轻，轻轻，西边的海风！西边的海风！来自月色朦胧，来自月色朦胧，拂过波涛汹涌，拂过波涛汹涌，请将他再吹向我；请将他再吹向我；当我的小宝贝，小可爱，已入梦。当我的小宝贝，小可爱，已入梦。（摘自阿尔弗雷德（摘自阿尔弗雷德丁尼生丁尼生轻轻地，轻轻地，柔和地柔和地）Second,approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar
16、 landscape.Ask some basic questions about the poem.Who is talking?Who is being talked to?What is being described?Is there a sense of place?Are there other people or objects there?As you explore the poem,you will begin to see images in your mind.What are those images,and what happens when they are pu
17、t together?This combination is often complex or even contradictory.As you slowly explore your surroundings,you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the poem.Read these lines,pay attention to the image of the caged bird and try to find out what it means.put sthtogether组
18、装；组织；汇组装；组织；汇集集 to put together a model plane/an essay/a meal 组装飞机模型；构思组装飞机模型；构思文章；准备饭菜文章；准备饭菜 I think we can put together a very strong case for the defence.我想我们能够为辩方整理出十分有我想我们能够为辩方整理出十分有力的论据。力的论据。put together（用于与一组人或事物作（用于与一组人或事物作比较）合计，总和，合起来比较）合计，总和，合起来 Your department spent more last year than a
19、ll the others put together.去年，你们部门的开支比其他所有部去年，你们部门的开支比其他所有部门合起来都多。门合起来都多。put two and two together根据所见所闻推断根据所见所闻推断 Hes inclined to put two and two together and make five.他爱捕风捉影，听风就是雨。他爱捕风捉影，听风就是雨。The caged bird sings with a fearful(恐惧的恐惧的;害怕的害怕的)trill of things unknown but longed for still and his tu
20、ne is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom.(From“Caged Bird”by Maya Angelou)笼中之鸟，撕心裂肺，啼啭啾啾笼中之鸟，撕心裂肺，啼啭啾啾所唱是未知之物，却依然渴求所唱是未知之物，却依然渴求歌声传到了远处的山丘歌声传到了远处的山丘因为笼中的鸟儿在歌唱自由。因为笼中的鸟儿在歌唱自由。（摘自玛雅（摘自玛雅安吉洛安吉洛笼中鸟笼中鸟）Third,if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even wi
21、th much painstaking effort,just have some patience.You cannot really understand a poem that you have only read once.Sometimes reading a poem can be a lifelong job.如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。你不可一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。你不可能真正理解只读过一遍的诗。有时，读懂能真正理解只读过一遍的诗。有时，读懂一首诗可能是一辈子的事。一首诗可能是一辈子的事。So if
22、 you do not get it,set the poem aside and come back to it later.As an explorer,you will not reach your goal immediatelyyou need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination.This may seem difficult at first,but when you finally make your great discovery,your efforts will be rewarded.get 理解；
23、明白理解；明白 I dont get you.我搞不懂你的意思。我搞不懂你的意思。She didnt get the joke.她不明白那笑话的含义。她不明白那笑话的含义。I dont get it why would she do a thing like that?我不明白我不明白她怎么会干那种事？她怎么会干那种事？I get the message you dont want me to come.我明白这意思我明白这意思你是不希望我来。你是不希望我来。come back to sth 无被动态无被动态 回到（主题、想法等）回到（主题、想法等）上来上来 Lets come back to
24、 the point at issue.咱们还是回到问题的焦点吧。咱们还是回到问题的焦点吧。It all comes back to a question of money.一切又回到钱的问题上来了。一切又回到钱的问题上来了。Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized(未被意识未被意识到的；被忽略的；不受重视的到的；被忽略的；不受重视的)meanings.Read these li
25、nes and try to find out what they mean.Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.(From“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”by Robert Frost)我想我知道这片林子的主人，我想我知道这片林子的主人，尽管他住在山村。尽管他住在山村。他不会见我驻足于此，他不会见我驻足于
26、此，凝视着他积满白雪的树林。凝视着他积满白雪的树林。（摘自罗伯特（摘自罗伯特弗罗斯特弗罗斯特雪夜林边小雪夜林边小驻驻）雪夜林边小驻雪夜林边小驻是美国现代诗人是美国现代诗人罗伯特罗伯特弗罗斯特（弗罗斯特（18741963）一首深）一首深受广大读者喜爱的不朽之作。弗罗斯特受广大读者喜爱的不朽之作。弗罗斯特是美国是美国 20 世纪最负盛名的诗人之一，他世纪最负盛名的诗人之一，他善于运用象征主义表现手法，用看似平善于运用象征主义表现手法，用看似平淡的小事来表达深刻的哲理，巧妙地表淡的小事来表达深刻的哲理，巧妙地表达诗歌的主题思想。达诗歌的主题思想。雪夜林边小驻雪夜林边小驻中，一位步履沉重的赶路人牵着马
27、走到中，一位步履沉重的赶路人牵着马走到一片幽深可爱的林边休息，并陶醉其中，一片幽深可爱的林边休息，并陶醉其中，虽然依依不舍，但不得不离开，继续他虽然依依不舍，但不得不离开，继续他的行程。这首诗向我们展示了人在理想的行程。这首诗向我们展示了人在理想和现实之间的困惑和矛盾心理，表达了和现实之间的困惑和矛盾心理，表达了诗人对人生和社会的思考。诗人对人生和社会的思考。Finally,remember that you do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.You might need to abandon logical thi
28、nking to discover its true inner beauty.As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning,it will have been worth your effort.Poetrys combination of“sound”and“sense”makes you see the world in a new way and allows you to go beyond normal r
29、eality for the everlasting beauty.Enjoy your journey in the world of poetry!go beyond sth超过（或超出）某事超过（或超出）某事,=exceed ksid This years sales figures go beyond all our expectations.今年的销售额大大超过我们的预期。今年的销售额大大超过我们的预期。3(A1).The lecture transcript gives four tips on how to understand a poem from two aspects.R
30、ead the lecture transcript again and complete the chart below.P46SoundSenseHow does it sound?an explorer in an unfamiliar landscapepatientfully understand a poem to appreciate it 4(A2).Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions.P46 1)How is poetry different from o
31、ther types of literature?More than other types of literature,it usually implies a deeper meaning beyond the words on the page.2)What aspects should you pay special attention to when you read a poem aloud?The aspects of rhythm,repeated words,rhymes and other special effects.3)What are the basic quest
32、ions you should ask to understand a poem?Who is talking?Who is being talked to?What is being described?Is there a sense of place?Are there other people or objects there?4)What does the lecturer think of poems that are easy to understand?They are often less interesting than those that constantly reve
33、al deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.5.Read aloud the lines from“Sweet and Low”and use the tip in paragraph 2 to analyse its sound characteristics.Firstly,the words“Wind of the western sea”are repeated.Secondly,there are several rhyming words:“low”rhyming with“blow”and“go”,“sea”rhyming wit
34、h“me”.6.Read paragraph 3 and answer two questions related to the poem“Caged Bird”according to the tip mentioned in this paragraph.(1)What is being described?The poet is talking about a singing bird which is kept in a cage.(2)What images come into your mind when you are reading it?When I read it,I ca
35、n see in my mind the image of a bird in a cage,which is desperately desprtl singing for freedom.7.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer the following questions.(1)What should you do when you have difficulty in understanding a poem?When we have difficulty in understanding a poem,we should set it aside a
36、nd come back to it later.With our insight into life becoming deeper,we may one day find it not so hard to understand at all.(2)According to the lecturer,what is more important in appreciating a poem?Poetry reading can make us feel something or let us perceive another level of meaning,which is more i
37、mportant and worth our effort.（二）（二）应用实践应用实践 1.Have students answer question 1 of A3 on page 46.Choose one of the poems in the lecture transcript and think about the sound and sense of the poem.How does it make you feel?The poem by Maya Angelou describes the image of a caged bird wanting to be free.
38、The lines are short and simple,which makes the message more direct and powerful.The short lines could also imply the sense of being in a small cage with very little space to fly around in.This does not stop the bird from singing though,and by repeating the sound of some words:“trill”,“still”and“hill
39、”I can imagine the sound that the bird makes as it sings its lonely song.“Caged Bird”reminds me of the possibilities we have in life,and that we should look past(忽视忽视,抛开）抛开）our current limitations.2.Read the lecture transcript again and discuss the following questions.(1)What are the functions of th
40、e three poems quoted in this transcript?The first example(lines from“Sweet and Low”by Alfred Tennyson)sounds great with strong rhythm and it is written in rhyme.The lecturer uses it to support the tip of“follow your ears”.The second example(lines from“Caged Bird”by Maya Angelou)includes several imag
41、es.By using it,the lecturer suggests paying attention to images in poems when reading a poem.The third example(lines from“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”by Robert Frost)is not easy to understand,which is suitable as an example to support the tip of“be patient when having trouble in understandi
42、ng a poem”.(2)Why doesnt the lecturer quote a poem as an example to support the fourth tip?By giving the fourth tip,the lecturer emphasizes that the importance of reading poems lies in what the poem can make us feel or perceive.Unlike the previous three tips,this tip is not focusing on the ways to u
43、nderstand a poem,but on what attitude and expectations we should have when reading a poem.As a result,it is unnecessary to give an example of a poem to support this tip since it is not related to the understanding of the content or meaning of a poem.3.Read the last paragraph again and discuss in pai
44、rs the following question.Is the last paragraph a good ending?Why or why not?The last paragraph is a good ending.At the beginning of the lecture,the speaker points out that poetry is a combination of“sound”and“sense”.The last paragraph echoes ekuz(重复重复;附和附和)the beginning by mentioning it again,which
45、 makes the lecture more coherent khrnt(一致的一致的;连贯的连贯的,合乎合乎逻辑的；有条理的；清楚易懂的逻辑的；有条理的；清楚易懂的).4.Retell the four tips on how to read a poem with our textbooks closed.When doing this,we can use the following expressions.first,grasp,detect,rhymes.second,approach,complex,contradictory,dig up clues.third,interp
46、ret,patience,set aside,remote,rewarded,constantly.finally,appreciate,logical,inner beauty,perceive.Four tips on how to read a poem First,follow your ears.If the true meaning is beyond your grasp,pay attention to the sound of it.For example,read the poem aloud to detect the rhythm or rhymes.Second,ap
47、proach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.Ask some basic questions about the poem.Sometimes,several images are combined.This combination is often complex or even contradictory.As you slowly explore your surroundings,you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater u
48、nderstanding of the poem.Third,if you find it hard to interpret the meaning of a poem at the moment,just have some patience.You can set it aside and come back to it later.Sometimes reading a poem can be a lifelong job.Finally,you do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.You might need
49、 to abandon logical thinking to discover its true inner beauty.Reading poetry will surely be enjoyable and let you perceive another level of meaning.5.Discuss the following question in groups and share their opinions with each other.Apart from the four tips given by the lecturer,what other tips can
50、you give on how to read a poem?From my point of view,to understand a poem better,we should also know more about the poet and the background in which the poem was createdthe theme of a poem usually has a close relationship with the background in which the poet wrote it.6.Finish B1 on page 47 and then
