1、Unit 1 Honesty and responsibilityGrammar and usageOverview of adverbial clauses状语是用来修饰谓语、形容词或副词，或是整个句子的成分。状语Read the article on Page 6(1)Who was Huang Danian?(2)How do you describe him?Why?He was responsible and dedicated because he was willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devoted
2、to working for the good of his country and people.(3)What contributions did he make?He mapped the world under the Earths surface,which helped discover valuable mineral resources and brought Chinas knowledge and technology in this area alongside the worlds finest.He was a geophysicist who made great
3、contributions to China.Find the sentences with adverbial clauses from the news story and fill in the table.Adverbial clause of conditionHe knew that if he came back,Adverbial clause of timeWhen he had to go away on business,until he died in 2017 at the age of just 58.Adverbial clause of placeHuang e
4、xcelled where he was working Adverbial clause of reasonSince he spent so much time on work Adverbial clause of purpose so that he did not miss any work in the daytime.Adverbial clause of resultIn fact,he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health.Adverbial clause of conces
5、sionAlthough he spent many years in the UK,Exploring the rulesAdverbial clauses can be introduced by:if,unless,as long as,etc.to express(1)_;until,when,while,etc.to express time;where to express place;because,as,since,in that,etc.to express(2)_;so that,in order that,etc.to express(3)_;that with so o
6、r such in the main clause to express result;and although,though,even if,etc.to express concession.conditionreasonpurposeChoose the proper linking words to fill in the blanks.in that as long as while once as (1)_ advertising is of great help,I dont think we should entirely rely on it.(2)He is reliabl
7、e._ he makes a promise,he will keep it.(3)_ we never get entirely knocked out of the game,hope always remains.(4)Poor and backward area _ Western China is,many college students are willing to work there after graduation.I cant agree more.More chances of employment are available.(5)The Chinese langua
8、ge differs from Western languages _ it uses characters which stand for ideas,objects or deeds.WhileOnceAs long as asin thatExploring the rulesAnswer1.Jake got up early so that he would have time to exercise before class.2.Although she had not edited the photos,they still looked very good.3.He went t
9、o work as if nothing had happened.4.Her teacher liked her because she was so hard-working.5.I get very upset when people do not tell me the truth.6.If you are nice to other people,they will be nice to you.Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with adverbial clauses.Applying the rulesA
10、nswer1 c 2 e 3 b 4 f 5 aApplying the rules连接词类别作 用例 句asas “当的时候”同时发生1.She came up as I was cooking.（同时）2.The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）whenwhen可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；1.When we were at school,we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内）2.Sorry，I was out when you called me（call为短暂性动词）对不起，
11、你打电话时我刚好外出了。3.When I got to the airport，the guests had left（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。whilewhile 意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时。1.When While As we were dancing，a stranger came in（dance为延续性动词）。2.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.1.One Friday,we were packing to leave
12、for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.A.after B.while C.since D.when 答案：D 解析：句意为 星期五那天，当我们正准备出发去过周末的时候，我的女儿听到有人叫救。易混淆：在while和when这里犹豫。对比：2.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps.A.while B.when C.since D.after答案：B解析：下划线处表示“
13、正在这时，突然”，四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y2.before和和since引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句连词词义常用句式before在之前；还没有来得及就；趁着；才It will be/was一段时间before.要过/过了时间才It wont be一段时间before.过不了多久就会It wasnt一段时间before.没过多久就了since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since从句(从句用一般过去时)I N T R O D U C
14、 T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y3.till/until引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句(1)until/till用于肯定句时，其主句谓语动词为延续性动词；(2)not.until/till.所在的主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词；(3)until可用于句首，而till不能；(4)not until 置于句首，主句要用部分倒装；(5)it is/was not until.that.强调句型。”I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YAs f
15、ar as I know，his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.As far as I know，not until he returns home every evening will his mother go to bed.As far as I know，it is not until he returns home every evening that his mother will go to bed.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。I N T R O D U C T I O NS T
16、 U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y4.表示“一就”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。(2)在hardly.when.，no sooner.than.结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。The new building programme will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds.Hardly/No sooner h
17、ad we got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there.I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y5.其他连词引导的时间状语从句every time/each time(每次)，(the)next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the)last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)，by the time(当的时候)The first time I heard of
18、Stephen Hawking，I was moved by his devotion to the research.当我第一次听说史蒂芬霍金时，我被他对研究的投入所感动。By the time you come back，well have completed the project.到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(二二)原因原因状语从句状语从句because/as/since/now thatI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D
19、YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Yseeing(that)鉴于；由于Seeing(that)the weather is bad，well stay at home.鉴于天气不好，我们将待在家里。in that“因为；基于的理由”，可以和because换用I wonder whether his hearing is okay in that he has turned the television up very loud.我不知道他的听力否还好，因为他把电视声音开得很大。I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D
20、U C T I O NS T U D Ysuch名词名词that从句从句so形容词形容词that从句从句结果状语从句常由so that，so.that,such.that.等引导。表示如此以至于。结构形式如图:(三三)结果结果状语从句状语从句I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y1.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.So little money did he earn that he couldnt support
21、his family.2.He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.Such a learned person/So learned a person is he that we admire him very much.3.Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound.(三三)结果结果状语从句状语从句I N T R O D
22、U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y1.although/though引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然；尽管”，可与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。(四四)让步让步状语从句状语从句Although/Though t h e y h a v e b e e n talking for a long time yet，he cannot make her believe him.例句引导词I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O N
23、S T U D Y(四四)让步让步状语从句状语从句2.while意为“虽然；尽管”，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于although。例句W h i l e o n l i n e s h o p p i n g h a s changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(四四)让步让步状语从句状语从句3.as引导的让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此
24、时可与though换用。例句Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot.I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(四四)让步让步状语从句状语从句4.even if/though引导的让步状语从句even if/though意为“即 使，尽管”。例句Set aside some time each day to practise speaking English，even if/though it is only five minutes.I N T R O D U C
25、 T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(四四)让步让步状语从句状语从句5.疑问词-ever与“no matter疑问词”引导的让步状语从句，疑问词-ever表示“无论”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter疑问词”。例句However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down on the amount of food you eat.I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T
26、R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(四四)让步让步状语从句状语从句6.whether.or.引导的让步状语从句whether.or.意为“无 论 还是”，提供两种对比情况。例句All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.261My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，_ hes in his nineties答案：even t
27、hough/even if/though/although句意：尽管我的爷爷九十多岁了，他仍然时常打网球。别提考查让步状语从句，根据句意可知空格应该填even though/even if/though/although。272_ online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive答案：while/though/although句意：虽然网购改变了我们的生活，但并不是它所有的影响都是正面的。根据句意可知用while/though/although引导让步状语从句。284（）_,I have
28、 to put it away and focus(集中)my attention on study this week.A.However the story is amusing B.No matter amusing the story isC.However amusing the story is D.No matter how the story is amusing5Much hard _ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner.A.although B.asC.while D.when小结29让步状语从句比较状
29、语从句though/althougheven if/even thoughasWhetheror.no matter+疑问词疑问词+everwhile原级 asas 和一样 not so(as)as 和不一样比较级 morethan(更)最高级The mostin/ofthe+形容词+estof/inI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(五五)其他类型的其他类型的状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句连词连词地点状语从句地点状语从句where，wherever等等目的状语从句目的状语从句so that(为了为
30、了)，in case(以免，以防以免，以防)，for fear that(唯恐，以防唯恐，以防)，in order that等等条件状语从句条件状语从句if，unless(除非除非)，as/so long as(只要只要)，on condition that(只要只要)，in case(假使假使)，providing/provided(that)，supposing(that)(假使，假使，倘若倘若)等。等。I N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D YI N T R O D U C T I O NS T U D Y(五五)其他类型的其他类型的状语从句状语从句方式状语从方式状语从句句as，as if/as though等等比较状语从比较状语从句句as.as.，the same as，比较级，比较级than，the比较级比较级.，the比较级比较级.等等
