1、第 二 部 分语 言 运 用专题三 完形填空英英 语语 2023内 容 索 引NO.1读文总策略破解完形填空3策略NO.2题型微技法提升完形填空解题6大技法NO.3真题实战经典对练拿高分读文总策略读文总策略 破解完形填空破解完形填空3 3策略策略NO.1 NO.1 策略一掌握文体特点策略一掌握文体特点,提升快速读文能力提升快速读文能力任何一篇文章都有它自己的文体。文体不同,文章的组织结构自然也不同。掌握和运用文体的特点能快速从宏观上把握文章的整体结构、了解文章的发展脉络,有效提升读文速度及答题准确率。策略二采用正确步骤策略二采用正确步骤,避免一叶障目避免一叶障目做完形填空题时,首先要通读全文和
2、选项,对文意有个大致了解,搞清楚主旨大意后,再进行第二遍精读并答题。最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动,仅凭臆断,脱离语篇大环境,造成“只见树木,不见森林”的片面性错误。明确解题步骤,是做好完形填空题的前提。策略三研究典例策略三研究典例,掌握文章脉络分析技巧掌握文章脉络分析技巧(2021新高考全国卷)My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was
3、 a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,41 little bunny(兔子)cakes for all its 42throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no 44 beyond listening to my favorite records.Id 45 minimum wage.Id see how a factor
4、y 46.My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their 47.Our 48 in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny from the belt.This was 50 than it sounds.51 a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents
5、 at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high-pressure than Id 52.Dad 53.The son of a grocer,hed spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bernardsville,New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work,he told me.41.A.sol
6、dB.orderedC.made D.reserved42.A.storesB.familiesC.schoolsD.citizens43.A.generous B.financialC.technicalD.temporary44.A.plansB.problemsC.excusesD.hobbies45.A.offerB.earnC.setD.suggest46.A.worked B.closedC.developed D.survived47.A.ambition B.permission C.experienceD.invitation48.A.joysB.ideasC.roles D
7、.choices49.A.SaveB.KeepC.StopD.Remove50.A.harderB.betterC.longerD.cheaper51.A.Calm downB.Slow downC.Stay onD.Move on52.A.indicatedB.witnessedC.expectedD.remembered53.A.criedB.smiledC.hesitatedD.refused54.A.tastingB.findingC.sharingD.delivering55.A.withdraw B.donate C.receiveD.appreciate尝试解答41.42.43.
8、44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.CAD ABABCD ABCBD D 脉络分析一、故事背景文章首段点明故事的背景:My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.人物I;时间in middle school,地点in a baking factory;事件worked as a tax-paying employed person。二、故事进展My best frien
9、d Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,made little bunny cakes for all its stores throughout Cleveland.我最好的朋友贝奇的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理,在复活节期间,霍夫面包店为克利夫兰所有的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break,for which I had no
10、plans beyond listening to my favorite records.碰巧在我们的春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,对于春假,我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外,没有别的计划。Our roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt.我们在工厂里的任务很简单:把蛋糕放在传送带上,放上糖霜耳朵,涂上糖霜眼睛和鼻子,把兔子蛋糕从传送带上取下来,This was h
11、arder than it sounds.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.这项工作比听起来要难得多。因为进度一旦放慢一点,蛋糕就会堆积。As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high-pressure than Id expected.第一天晚上吃饭的时候,我告诉父母,这个工作的压力比我预期的要大一点。三、结局与启示This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars yo
12、u earned and respect those who did the work,he told me.他告诉我,这种工作让你对自己挣的钱心存感激,并且尊重那些从事这项工作的人。题型微技法题型微技法 提升完形填空提升完形填空解题解题6 6大技法大技法NO.2 NO.2 聚焦命题明晰增分策略聚焦命题明晰增分策略研命题研命题 透析高考真题,把握命题规律 试卷体裁主题考点分布名词动词(短语)形容词 副词 介词(短语)连词2022新高考全国卷记叙文一家人外出旅行的美好回忆55311全国乙卷说明文学龄前儿童“自我中心”的行为研究7742全国甲卷记叙文两人通过悉心照料宠物狗相爱78311试卷体裁主题
13、考点分布名词动词(短语)形容词 副词 介词(短语)连词2021新高考全国卷记叙文在烘焙厂做兼职的经历492浙江卷记叙文陌生女士为母亲付钱9821全国乙卷记叙文病人向护士表达感谢71012全国甲卷记叙文放在酒店桌子上的香肠引发了意外事件 410411试卷体裁主题考点分布名词动词(短语)形容词 副词 介词(短语)连词2020新高考全国卷夹叙夹议文造林来保护湿地75 2 1全国卷夹叙夹议文不要对孩子说谎86 3 21全国卷记叙文两幅名家油画的真相411 3 2全国卷记叙文与顾客打交道懂得了换位思考38 6 12考情解读1.选材特点以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,说明文为辅。主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会和
14、人与自然,选材原汁原味,语言地道,充满正能量,倡导至真至善至美的价值观,在具体语境中考查核心素养。2.考查特点以名词、动词为主,其次是形容词和副词,有时出现介词(短语)。主要考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。明策略明策略 升华解题思维,考场有序增分 命题方式解题捷径选项特征1.记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,说明文和议论文出现频率很低;2.文章长度为200词左右。1.利用首句明大意。快速通读全文,利用好首句,洞悉文章脉络,明确故事的意义;2.瞻前顾后巧求索。留意文章的细节和措辞,注意前后文的呼应。把空格处与上下文语境联系起来,切勿自以为是。3.攻克5大易错点。缺乏全篇
15、关联思维;因词汇理解障碍而错选;因一词多义或者熟词生义而错选;因惯性思维而错选;汉语思维。1.名词和动词为主,总数占三分之二以上,形容词和副词为辅,偶尔出现介词(短语)。2.联系上下文设空的题目占了约70%,结合语篇设空的题目占了约30%。技巧点拨领悟解题之道技巧点拨领悟解题之道技法技法1利用词汇线索解题复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机衔接。因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文中的语汇线索来选择正确的答案。1.原词复现典例典例(2022全国甲卷)When I first dated St
16、eve,I learned he had a dog,Molly,and a cat,Flora.While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover,I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack 46,the cat.46.A.FloraB.ChanceC.MollyD.Tilly【分析】根据上文提到的猫的名字“and a cat,Flora”和本句中的“the cat”可知答案,此处属于原词复现。【答案】A2.同义词或近义词典例典例(2022全国乙
17、卷)We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.47.A.parent B.childC.researcher D.doctor【分析】根据上文出现的“young children”以及下文的“an adult”可知,此处指的是小孩子“child”,这里young children与child属于同义关系。parent“父(母)”;researcher“研究者”
18、;doctor“医生”。【答案】B3.同根词复现典例典例(2021全国乙卷)Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude(感谢).She wa
19、s 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.【分析】nursing与nurse属于同根词。后面说的是护理团队,前面说的是“我”作为护理团队中的护士,因此选nurse。【答案】41.A.cleaner B.chemist C.nurse D.doctor C49.A.grateful B.thoughtful C.sorrowful D.fearful【分析】结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别,可推知,她对大家的付出表示感激。grateful(感激的)与前文的gratitude 属于同根词。【答案】
20、A4.反义词复现典例典例(2022全国乙卷)For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.In fact,children consider this method 60 when others use it.60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective【分析】根据上文内容以及上文出现的ineffective一词可知,事实上,当别
21、人用这个方法时,孩子们就会认为这个方法是有效的(effective)。ineffective与effective在意义上相反。【答案】D 技法技法2利用习惯搭配解题英语中一些固定的句型、短语和结构既是学习的难点,也是完形填空的常考点。做题时要留意选项与空格前后的词汇是否是习惯搭配或固定句式。典例典例(2021全国乙卷)She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.On her day of discharge,we shared in her delight at her r
22、ecovery.As she was leaving she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team.52.A.sorryB.hello C.goodbye D.yes【分析】本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。由语境可知,在出院的那天,当她要离开时,她渴望跟我们护理团队的每个人告别。say goodbye to“告别”,为习惯搭配。【答案】C技法技法3利用逻辑关系解题完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文之间是怎样的逻辑关系,找准关键信息词,可以帮助考生解题。常见的逻辑关系包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间
23、有的通过连接词来表达,有的逻辑关系则隐含在句与句之间,需要分析理解。1.因果关系典例典例(2021新高考全国卷)Remove bunny from the belt.This was harder than it sounds.51 a bit and the cakes pile up.51.A.Calm downB.Slow downC.Stay onD.Move on【分析】本题可以利用因果关系解题。前文说,他们的工作就是把蛋糕放在传输带上,再根据后文的“the cakes pile up”可推知,如果工作的速度稍微慢一点,就会出现蛋糕堆积的情况。calm down“镇静下来”;slow
24、 down“放慢速度”;stay on“留下来继续”;move on“开始做”。【答案】B2.转折关系典例典例(2022全国甲卷)You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.Nearly.Last year,I started dating,but with 42.42.
25、A.reservationsB.expectationsC.confidenceD.prejudice【分析】本题可以根据转折关系解题。前文说“Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.Nearly.Last year,I started dating”,根据“but”可知,此处的意思是,狗狗的陪伴足以让“我”消除孤独,所以,虽然去年“我”开始谈恋爱与人约会,但是并没有那么全心全意。故选reservations意为“保留”。expectation“期望”;confidence“信心”;prejudice
26、“偏见”。【答案】A3.让步关系典例典例(2021全国乙卷)The collapse was disastrous,requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered,though 48,and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.48.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily【分析】本题可以用让步关系解题。根据上文的“The collapse was disastrous”以及“But she rec
27、overed”可知,疾病虽然严重,但是她恢复了。这里用了though,表示让步,因此选slowly,意为“尽管恢复得慢”。slightly“轻微地”;accidentally“意外地”;happily“幸福地”,均不符合语境。【答案】C技法技法4利用语境暗示解题高考完形填空经常设置前后互相暗示的考题。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面,也就是说前面的某些空从当时的情况来看,或是线索不明,或是语境不清,看似无法作答,但只要我们仔细阅读后文,就会发现后文的某个地方有暗示。所以,在做题时一定要充分利用前后的语境线索,确保答案正确。典例典例(2021新高考全国卷)It happened that the pla
28、nt downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.43.A.generousB.financialC.technical D.temporary【分析】根据后文中的“spring break”可知,这件事碰巧发生在春假期间,据此语境线索可知,此处表示需要八个孩子的临时帮忙。generous“大方的”;financial“经济的”;technical“技术的”;temporary“临时的
29、”。故选D项。【答案】D技法技法5利用常识背景解题完形填空题所选的文章多具有一定的故事情节和教育意义,这些话题贴近学生的生活,涉及文化背景知识和日常生活常识。考生在解题时,可以根据常识做出选择。典例典例(2021新高考全国卷)Our roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny from the belt.49.A.SaveB.KeepC.StopD.Remove【分析】这是一个烘焙厂的工作,根据常识和上文
30、提到的“Place cakes on a moving belt”可知,把蛋糕放在传输带上,经过一番操作后,最后要把兔子蛋糕从传输带上取下来,蛋糕就做完了。save“节省;拯救”;keep“保持”;stop“阻止”;remove“移开;拿开”。因此选D项。【答案】D技法技法6利用作者态度与情感色彩解题记叙文和夹叙夹议文通常都有一定的情感色彩。首先要理解作者的语气和态度,以及文章带有的情感色彩,而这种语气和情感色彩通常是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中,把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等,读懂作者微妙的情感和态度,并且要抓住像luckily,howeve
31、r,therefore,even,still等词语,充分体会上下文语言的和谐性,理解文章的深层含义。典例典例(2021新高考全国卷)This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work,he told me.55.A.withdraw B.donate C.receiveD.appreciate【分析】根据语境和文章的内容可知,此处表示这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激,并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。这里要填appreciate 与后面的respec
32、t在感情色彩上相呼应。withdraw“撤退;收回”;donate“捐赠”;receive“接收”;appreciate“感激”。【答案】D课堂应用课堂应用精练最新模拟题(2022山东青岛第一次联考)She is over a century old,but she hasnt let that stop her from working.At 102,Romay Davis 1 drives herself to the grocery store each day for 2.Now,during Black History Month,Davis is being honored for
33、 her 3 with a grant(拨款)named after her.Through the Romay Davis Grant Program,charities will receive 4 in the fight for racial equality and social 5.Davis is 6 of the grant in her name as she is a pioneer herself.Sheserved in the first all-Black Women Army 7 overseas during World War.Then after the w
34、ar,she started her 8 in fashion as a designer in model in New York for 30 years.Throughout her life,shes also 9 other milestones including a masters degree,Black Belt in Taekwondo(跆拳道)and more.She 10 for the first time in 1982.After her husband died in 2001,she 11 to go back to work and was 12 by th
35、e grocery store in Winn-Dixie in 2001 at the age of 82.In 2019,Romay 13 her 100th birthday.“As we celebrate Ms.Romay,we are all moved by her life-long 14 and strong work ethic(职业道德),which 15 others to be their best,”said Anthony Hucker,CEO of Winn-Dixie,Southeastern Grocers.1.A.oftenB.stillC.skillfu
36、llyD.yet2.A.workB.shoppingC.pleasureD.fun3.A.jobsB.agesC.storesD.contributions4.A.criticismB.supportC.benefitD.information5.A.justiceB.skillC.lifeD.development6.A.fondB.awareC.worthyD.sure7.A.requiredB.rootedC.organizedD.stationed8.A.styleB.careerC.study D.adventure9.A.missedB.foundC.plannedD.achiev
37、ed10.A.foughtB.pursuedC.retiredD.failed11.A.refusedB.fearedC.mentionedD.decided12.A.hiredB.metC.paidD.offered13.A.celebratedB.passedC.interviewedD.employed14.A.sympathyB.independenceC.devotionD.dream15.A.reminds B.inspiresC.advisesD.leads【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Romay Davis在102岁时依然能自己开车去工作,她的一生一直在奋斗。本文详细叙述了Ro
38、may Davis的个人经历以及所取得的成就。她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德感激励着人们前行。1.答案 B解析 根据上文“but she hasnt let that stop her from working”可知,102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作,因此选B项,意为“仍然”。often“经常”;skillfully“熟练地”;yet“但是”,故选B项。3.答案 D解析 根据“Davis is being honored for her”以及“she is a pioneer herself”可知,Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰。故选D项。contribution
39、“贡献”。4.答案 B解析 句意:通过Romay Davis赠款计划,慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。criticism“批评”;support“支持”;benefit“益处”;information“信息”,故选B项。5.答案 A解析 根据racial equality可知,慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。justice“公平”;skill“技能”;development“发展”;life“生命,生活”,故选A项。6.答案 C解析 根据“as she is a pioneer herself”可知,Davis 名副其实。fond“喜欢的”;aware“
40、有意识的”;worthy“值得的”;sure“确定的”,故选C项。7.答案 D解析 根据“overseas during World War”可知,她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。require“要求”;root“根植于”;organize“组织”;station“使驻扎”,故选D项。8.答案 B解析 根据“as a designer in model in New York for 30 years”可知,她开始了自己的时尚生涯。style“风格”;career“职业”;study“学习”;adventure“冒险”。句意:战后,她开始了自己的时尚生涯,在纽约当了30年的模特设计师
41、。故选B项。9.答案 D解析 根据“including a masters degree,Black Belt in Taekwondo and more”可知,在她的一生中,她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就。miss“错过”;achieve“完成,获得”;find“发现”;plan“计划”。故选D项。10.答案 C解析 根据下文“go back to work”可知,她在1982年第一次退休。fight“打仗”;pursue“追求”;retire“退休”;fail“失败”。故选C项。11.答案 D解析 根据上文“After her husband died in 2001”可知,2001年丈夫去
42、世后,她决定重返工作岗位。refuse“拒绝”;fear“害怕”;mention“提及”;decide“决定”。故选D项。12.答案 A解析 根据上文“go back to work”可知,她于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixie的一家杂货店。hire“雇用”;meet“见面”;pay“支付”;offer“提供”。故选A项。13.答案 A解析 根据下文celebrate可知,Romay Davis庆祝了她的100岁生日。celebrate“庆祝”;pass“通过”;interview“面试”;employ“雇用”。故选A项。14.答案 C解析 根据下文“strong work eth
43、ic”以及上文contributions可知,大家都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动。sympathy“同情”;independence“独立”;devotion“热爱”;dream“梦想”。故选C项。15.答案 B解析 根据上文“we are all moved”可知,毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德激励着其他人做到最好。remind“提醒”;inspire“鼓励”;advise“建议”;lead“引导”,故选B项。挑战外刊原创题At Pillow Academy,a school in Mississippi,Chawla,18,is far from your average hi
44、gh school senior.As a superstar athlete,Chawla also got a 16 score on the ACT.“I 17 36 on the ACT and I made this ACT class for the students,but I actually strongly 18 the ACT because I think it is a very unfair test,”Chawla said.“Its not a measure of 19.Its a measure of preparation and how you can
45、20 the resources to prepare for it,”she said.Chawla saw students from a public school 21 supplies,need help with their homework and resources.This led Chawla to take matters into her hands and 22 the ACT Diversity Preparation Club.The Club invited students from public schools to 23 on Sundays taught
46、 by Chawla.Chawla said that ACT scores are 24 in public schools compared to private schools,and that divide was something she wanted to 25 by giving others an opportunity to 26 their scores.As a young woman of Indian descent living in Mississippi,she felt like an outsider and this 27 has led her to
47、want to bring change and unite all students from different 28 and it was her duty to 29 people of color.“Bringing students of color on an equal standing with others,I think that was the 30,”Chawla said.16.A.totalB.perfectC.finalD.average17.A.counted B.markedC.expectedD.scored18.A.enjoyB.recommendC.d
48、isagreeD.dislike19.A.successB.expressionC.intelligence D.background20.A.accessB.lackC.resistD.protect21.A.provideB.distributeC.useD.lack22.A.createB.keepC.enter D.invite23.A.carry on B.come outC.show upD.check in24.A.higherB.closerC.betterD.lower25.A.escapeB.rejectC.ignoreD.tackle26.A.improve B.rese
49、arch C.manageD.get27.A.position B.feeling C.stateD.standing28.A.countriesB.backgrounds C.families D.scores29.A.educateB.fightC.serveD.divide30.A.endB.platformC.goalD.demand【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Chawla是一个印度血统的女孩,她在ACT考试中取得了完美的成绩。为了提高有色人种学生的ACT成绩,她成立了考试准备俱乐部,为这些孩子提供课程。16.答案 B解析 根据上文的“superstar”可知,Chawla是超级明星
50、运动员,在ACT考试中也获得了满分。total“总共的”;perfect“完美的”;final“最终的”;average“平均的”。故选B项。17.答案 D解析 根据句意可知,此处表示,Chawla的ACT考试得了36分。上文的“Chawla also got a score on the ACT”也是提示,count“数数”;mark“标记”;expect“期待”;score“得分”。故选D项。18.答案 D解析 根据下文的“because I think it is a very unfair test”可知,Chawla觉得ACT考试是一个非常不公平的考试,由此可知,Chawla是不喜欢
