1、Unit 2 Lessons in life MENULeading-inWhile-classAfter-classPart.1 Leading-inPart.1 Leading-in【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成句子:1.The car _.汽车正在修理。2.The early worm _by a bird.早起的虫被鸟吃。3.He _many times to behave himself.他多次被告知要守规矩。is being repairedwas caughthas been toldPart.2 While-classPart.2 While-class【要义详析】1.被动语
2、态的各种时态一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/are doneis/am/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be done无shall/will have been done【巧学助记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing。现在完成进行同,h
3、ave(has)been doing。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。注释:“be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词must,may,can,shall,will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。【即学活用】(1)(2020浙江高考)And
4、,as more children were born,more food _(need).(2)The tiger shark _(consider)to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world.(3)(2020全国卷)The artist was sure he _(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.was neededis considered/has been consi
5、deredwould be chosen2.主动语态变被动语态的注意事项(1)时态保持一致。*The teacher punished him many times for his lateness.因为他的迟到,老师惩罚他很多次了。被动语态:He has been punished many times for his lateness.(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。*His best friend often looks after him.他最好的朋友经常关心他。被动语态:He is often looked after by his best friend
6、.(3)主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/mend/get用for;动词give/show/pass/send/lend/bring/take用to。*Vivian gave me a book.维维安给了我一本书。被动语态1:I was given a book by Vivian.被动语态2:A book was given to me by Vivian.(4)主动语态若有复合宾语(即句子结构为主语+vt.+宾语+宾语补足语),将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语不变。*They call him Louis.他们叫他路易斯
7、。被动语态:He is called Louis.(5)主动语态句中动词make,have,let,notice,see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,feel等变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需要加上to。*Mr Lee made him wash the dishes.李先生让他洗盘子。被动语态:He was made to wash the dishes(by Mr Lee).(6)主动形式表被动。The poem reads well.这首诗读起来很美。(7)有些动词(短语)不能用于被动语态 take place/happen/come true/break d
8、own/break out等。*All your dreams will come true if you try your best.如果你尽你所能,你所有的梦想都会实现的。3.不同时态的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态*I am not so easily deceived.我不会轻易上当受骗的。*Computers are widely used in the world.计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。(2)一般过去时的被动语态*The car was seriously damaged.汽车受到严重损坏。*Printing was introduced into Europe fr
9、om China.印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。(3)现在进行时的被动语态*The question is being discussed at the meeting.这个问题现在正在会上讨论。*The children are being taken care of by their aunt.孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。(4)过去进行时的被动语态*When I came to visit,tea was being served.当我来访时,正值上茶之际。*When they arrived,the experiments were being made.他们到达时,实验正在进行。(5)现在完
10、成时的被动语态*The meeting has been put off.会议已被推迟了。*The party has been planned since the new year.这次聚会自新年起就已筹划了。(6)过去完成时的被动语态*By the end of last month,he had been robbed at least three times.到上月底,他已被抢劫了至少三次。(7)将来完成时的被动语态*It is said that the building will have been completed before September.据说大楼将于九月前竣工。*T
11、his class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer.到明年夏天,布朗先生将在这个班执教两年了。(8)一般将来时的被动语态*The project will be completed next month.项目下个月竣工。*The meeting will be postponed till next week.会议将被推迟到下周。【即学活用】将下列主动句转换成被动句。(1)The government official told him not to waste time on fighting fo
12、r rights._(2)I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas._ He was told(by the government official)not to waste time on fighting forrights.My cousin was given a toy(by me)at Christmas./A toy was given to my cousin(by me)at Christmas.(3)My brother is cleaning the window._(4)People living nearby have polluted
13、the river in recent years._(5)They named the boy Johnson._(6)People in the town laugh at Hugh for his fancy dress._ The window is being cleaned by my brother.The river has been polluted in recent years(by people living nearby).The boy was named Johnson(by them).Hugh is laughed at(by people in the to
14、wn)for his fancy dress.课时检测素养达标.用所给词的正确形式填空1.John _(elect)president of the class.2.Smoking _(not allow)in public places in China.3.Oh,my god!Our house _(break)into last night.Look at the footprints on the floor.4.They can go home as soon as the homework _(finish).5.The reason why I havent moved into
15、 the new flat is that it _(repair).was electedisnt allowedwas brokenis finishedis being repaired6.Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students _(hire)each year in a variety of summer positions.7.Before choices are finalised,parent/carers _(ask)to sign to confirm their childs choices.
16、8.(2018天津高考)My washing machine _(repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.are hiredwill be askedis being repaired.完成句子1.He is often _this work.他常被派去做这项工作。2.The boy _yesterday.这男孩昨天挨了一顿批评。3.They _by a natural disaster last year.他们去年遭遇了自然灾害。sent to dowas criticizedwere hitPart.3 After-cla
17、ssPart.3 After-class【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学的被动语态完成下面语段翻译我的学校位于(situated)县城的西边。校园里种了(planted)很多花和树,所以很漂亮。学校现在正在建(constructed)一座办公楼和一个实验室。去年建了(built)一个新操场。据说明年要建(set up)一个餐厅。教室和宿舍每天都打扫(cleaned)得干净整洁。我校每年的高考成绩在全市名列前茅(ranked)。我校值得大家来参观(be worth doing)。_【参考范文】My school is situated in the west of the county.Many
18、flowers and trees have been planted in the school yard,so it is very beautiful.An office building and a lab are being constructed.Last year,a new playground was built.It is said that a dining hall will be set up next year.The classrooms and dormitories are cleaned every day,so they are clean and tidy.Every year,my schools college entrance examination results are ranked top in the whole city.My school is worth visiting.Thank you!
