1、Book3 Unit4 words 1greet v问候，迎接，招呼 greeting n.问候；致意；祝贺；迎接 greetings n.祝词；贺词；问候语(1)greet.with.以以方式打招呼方式打招呼(2)in greeting 打招呼打招呼(3)send greetings to 向某人致以问候向某人致以问候 She greeted us with a smile.她微笑着向我们打招呼。My mother sends her greetings to you all.我母亲向你们大家问好。He raised a hand in greeting.他挥挥手打了个招呼。2.broadc
2、ast n.广播节目，电视节目广播节目，电视节目v.播送广播播送广播 过去式：过去式：broadcast 过去分词：过去分词：broadcast broadcaster n.广播公司，电视台；广播员，播音员广播公司，电视台；广播员，播音员 broadcasting n.广播工作，广播业广播工作，广播业 3load n某物的量 vt.装；装载Unload卸货reload再装，重新装 load sb/sth with sth给予某人给予某人/物许多东西物许多东西 load sth into/onto 把某物装载到把某物装载到里面里面/上面上面 be loaded with 充满，装满充满，装满 a
3、 load of/loads of 许多的，大量的许多的，大量的 take a load off ones mind 使某人如释重负使某人如释重负 get a load of 注意，仔细看（常用于表示惊讶或羡慕）注意，仔细看（常用于表示惊讶或羡慕）How long will it take to load the coal into/onto the truck?Now the middle school students are loaded with heavy homework.His friends visited him and brought him loads of/a load
4、 of presents.The good news that I passed the exam took a load off my mind.(1)单句语法填空The truck was carrying _ load of apples.It takes a load _ my mind to leave the child in your charge.The workers are loading the goods _ a car;that is,theyre loading the car _ goods.(2)一句多译他把煤炭装上了卡车。He _ coal.He _ the
5、truck.aoffintowithloaded the truck withloaded coal into 4.battle n/vi.战斗battle vt.&vi.(与与)斗争；斗争；(与与)战斗战斗 battle with/against 与与作斗争作斗争battle for 为为而斗争而斗争battle to do sth.努力努力/奋力做某事奋力做某事 The sailors battled with the winds and waves.水手们与风浪搏斗。His younger brother died in battle during World War II.他弟弟在第二
6、次世界大战中阵亡。battlebattle指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，或个人指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。之间的争斗。warwar是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。规模战争。campaigncampaign指有固定目的的一连串的军事行动；还指指有固定目的的一连串的军事行动；还指政治或商业性的活动。政治或商业性的活动。选词填空(campaign/war/battle)His grandfather had ever fought in the North African _ He had his leg shot off in
7、a _ Britain declared _on Germany in 1914.campaignbattle war 5.fold v.折叠；折叠；n.褶褶;褶层褶层;折叠部分折叠部分(unfold.打开)呈现 folding可折叠的，折叠式的可折叠的，折叠式的 fold up折叠，倒闭，歇业折叠，倒闭，歇业 fold away可折叠（存放）的可折叠（存放）的 fold your arms/hands交叉双臂交叉双臂/双手双手 fold sb in your arms(literary)拥抱；搂住拥抱；搂住 fold sthin/into sth(in cooking 烹饪烹饪)把把调入；调
8、入；拌入；包，裹拌入；包，裹 He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.他把地图折叠起来，放进了口袋。The bed can be folded away/down during the day.这张床在白天可以折叠收起。6exhibition n展出，展览；表现，显露展出，展览；表现，显露 exhibit vt.展出；展览；展示展出；展览；展示 n.展览品；展出物展览品；展出物 an exhibition of 的展览的展览/展出展出 on exhibition 展出中展出中 The Natural History Museum has a
9、special exhibition of dinosaur.自然历史博物馆专门搞了一次恐龙展览。The childrens paintings are on exhibition at the school.儿童的绘画在学校里展出。This monument to him was first publicly exhibited in 1817.这座纪念他的塑像于1877年首次对公众展出。“展览”同义词辨析：exhibition n.通常指较正规的艺术品展览会。通常指较正规的艺术品展览会。fair n.展览会，交易会。侧重指为促销商品展览会，交易会。侧重指为促销商品而举办的展览会或商品交易会
10、。而举办的展览会或商品交易会。show n.展览。指艺术品、农产品、工业品等展览。指艺术品、农产品、工业品等供参观的公开展览。供参观的公开展览。display 指展销会，商店橱窗或柜台上的陈列指展销会，商店橱窗或柜台上的陈列品。品。7.seal n.印章，图章；海豹；封条；标志印章，图章；海豹；封条；标志 v.封上封上(信封信封);密封密封(容器容器);封盖封盖的表面的表面 my lips are sealed我把嘴封住，我绝口不提我把嘴封住，我绝口不提 under seal密封；加盖印信密封；加盖印信 seal sth off 封锁；封闭封锁；封闭 seal up封闭；密封封闭；密封 sea
11、l sbs fate决定某人的命运决定某人的命运 8 demonstrate v.示范，证明示范，证明;证实证实 demonstration n.集会示威集会示威;示范示范;demonstrator n.示威者;示范者 demonstrative adj.公开表露感情的;“证实，证明”同义词辨析：prove v.证明。普通用词，指以事实等证明某事是真证明。普通用词，指以事实等证明某事是真实的。实的。confirm v.证实，证明。指通过更多的证据确定某事证实，证明。指通过更多的证据确定某事是真实的。是真实的。demonstrate v.证明，证实。指清楚地论证或证实某证明，证实。指清楚地论证或
12、证实某事。事。9 vivid adj.-vividly adv.生动地“生动的”同义词辨析：vivid 主要指梦境、记忆、描述等生动而逼真的，使人印象深刻或富于想象。lifelike指图画、模型、刻画的人物等非常生动而逼真的，如同真实的景物或真人一般。lively 普通用词，指形象、描述等生动而逼真的，可与 vivid 换用。10 needle n.针针,注射针注射针;针头针头 Dispose of used needles carefully.小心处理用过的针头。to be like looking for a needle in a haystack 好像在草堆里找针；犹如海底捞针 She
13、 had just pricked her finger with the needle.她刚刚被针扎破了手指。11 elegant adj.高雅的，优美的；高雅的，优美的；-elegance n.-elegantly adv.“高雅”同义词辨析：elegant 可用于人或物，指格调、衣着、仪态可用于人或物，指格调、衣着、仪态等优雅高贵的，多用作定语。等优雅高贵的，多用作定语。graceful adj.优雅的，优美的。指举止、外形优雅的，优美的。指举止、外形等优雅美丽、引人注目的。等优雅美丽、引人注目的。12 carve v.刻；雕刻；刻；雕刻；carved in stone(决定、计划等决定
14、、计划等)不能改变的；铁板不能改变的；铁板钉钉钉钉 carve up拆散；分割；瓜分拆散；分割；瓜分 carve sth.on sth.把把刻在刻在上上 carve sth.in/into sth.把把刻入刻入里里 carve sth.into.把把刻成刻成 carve out 成功获得成功获得(所要的工作、职务、生活等所要的工作、职务、生活等)carving n.雕刻物；雕刻图案；雕刻技巧雕刻物；雕刻图案；雕刻技巧 She carves pieces of wood into fantastical shapes.She carved her name on her desk.The pie
15、ce of wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.She carved(carve)out a successful career in the film industry after graduation.13.lack v/n缺少，缺乏-lacking adj.缺乏的(1)lack sth 缺乏某物缺乏某物 lack(for)money/nothing 缺钱缺钱/什么都不缺什么都不缺(2)a lack of.不足不足(3)for lack of 缺乏，因缺乏，因而没有而没有(4)be lacking in 缺乏；没有缺乏；没有 He
16、 is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.他工作不错，但似乎缺乏信心。He is lacking in responsibility.他缺乏责任心。The plants died for lack of water.这些植物因缺水而枯萎。Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgment.她的决定似乎显示出她缺乏政治判断力。14.Stimulate v.刺激，激发，激励刺激，激发，激励 stimulating adj.激励人的;振奋人心的 stimulation n.激励
17、15.magnificent adj.壮丽的，宏伟的壮丽的，宏伟的 magnificence n.华丽华丽,富丽堂皇富丽堂皇“壮丽的，辉煌的”同义词辨析：magnificent 多用来形容建筑物、景色等美丽而多用来形容建筑物、景色等美丽而壮观的。壮观的。glorious adj.正式正式侧重指非常美丽且给人带来愉侧重指非常美丽且给人带来愉悦感的。悦感的。gorgeous adj.非正式非正式多用于形容颜色、衣服等多用于形容颜色、衣服等色彩艳丽的。色彩艳丽的。splendid adj.尤英尤英词义同词义同 magnificent,常可换用。常可换用。16.bare adj.裸露的裸露的;(树木树
18、木)光秃秃的光秃秃的 v barely adv.仅仅仅仅;刚刚刚刚;勉强可能勉强可能;with your bare hands赤手空拳；徒手赤手空拳；徒手 lay sth bare(formal)暴露；揭露暴露；揭露 bare your soul(to sb)（向某人）打开心扉，倾诉衷肠（向某人）打开心扉，倾诉衷肠 bare your teeth（凶狠地）龇牙咧嘴（凶狠地）龇牙咧嘴“空的”同义词辨析：blank 指纸张无字迹的、未印刷过的，或磁带未录制内指纸张无字迹的、未印刷过的，或磁带未录制内容的。容的。bare 指建筑物内部缺乏设施或装饰的，也指人身体部位指建筑物内部缺乏设施或装饰的，也指
19、人身体部位裸露的，形容土地、树木等时表示其没有植被覆盖或枝裸露的，形容土地、树木等时表示其没有植被覆盖或枝叶凋落的。叶凋落的。empty 指容器里什么也没有或者某个地方没有人的。指容器里什么也没有或者某个地方没有人的。hollow adj.空心的，中空的。空心的，中空的。vacant adj.（地方）空的；（地方）空的；正式正式（职位）空缺的。指（职位）空缺的。指房屋、土地等未被占用的，或指工作或职位空缺的，侧房屋、土地等未被占用的，或指工作或职位空缺的，侧重表示临时性的情况。重表示临时性的情况。17.hoof n.蹄蹄 v.步行步行 on the hoof （牲畜等）活着的，待宰的（牲畜等）
20、活着的，待宰的 hoof it(informal)步行（到某处）步行（到某处）18.dirt n.灰尘，尘土灰尘，尘土-dirty adj 脏的脏的 dish the dirt(on sb)(informal)说（某人）的闲话；揭（某人）的短说（某人）的闲话；揭（某人）的短 treat sb like dirt(informal)视某人如粪土；把视某人如粪土；把视为草芥；蔑视视为草芥；蔑视 19frequent adj.经常发生的，频繁的 frequently adv.频繁地，经常地 frequency n.发生率发生率;频率频率 There are frequent contacts bet
21、ween the peoples of the two countries.两国人民之间交往频繁。He was so busy in his work that he frequently stayed up until midnight.他忙于工作，经常工作到半夜。20mostly adv.大部分；主要地 most adj.最多的；大多数的最多的；大多数的 make the most of 充分利用充分利用 Gwen had not seen Daddy much，because mostly he worked on the ships.格温一直不常见到父亲，因为他大部分时间在船上工作。W
22、hen fortune smiled on him，he made the most of it.当好运来临时，他充分把握住了。21.shade n.深浅，色度深浅，色度;阴凉处阴凉处;v.给给遮挡遮挡(光线光线);加灯罩加灯罩;把把涂暗涂暗in the shade 在阴凉处在阴凉处in the shade of.在在的阴凉下的阴凉下put.in the shade 使使黯然失色黯然失色shade.from/against.为为遮挡遮挡shade.with.用用遮挡遮挡 Lets go and sit in the shade.咱们到阴凉处去坐坐。咱们到阴凉处去坐坐。Its long bran
23、ches shade them from/against the sun.它长长的枝杈为他们遮挡了日晒。它长长的枝杈为他们遮挡了日晒。I saw him sitting in the shade of a tree.我看见他坐在树荫下。我看见他坐在树荫下。单句写作单句写作我原以为我是一名优秀的画家，但是你的作品使我原以为我是一名优秀的画家，但是你的作品使我的作品黯然失色。我的作品黯然失色。I thought I was quite a good artist,but your painting _.待在阴凉处吧待在阴凉处吧那儿凉快些。那儿凉快些。Stay _its cooler.puts mi
24、ne in the shadein the shade22.sponsor vt.资助资助n.C 赞助者；资助者赞助者；资助者(P45)sponsor sb.to do sth.资助某人做某事资助某人做某事The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.这个展览会是由文化协会赞助举办的。这个展览会是由文化协会赞助举办的。Our company is a sponsor of the Olympics.我们公司是奥运会的赞助商。我们公司是奥运会的赞助商。单句语法填空The race organizers are trying to a
25、ttract _(sponsor)The village officials _(sponsor)a 7yearold orphan to get out of his awkward situation.sponsorssponsored 单句语法填空单句语法填空/补全句子补全句子 Tom nodded a _(greet)but didnt say anything.He _(greet)all the guests warmly as they arrived.Sometimes，we sent greeting message _each other though we were bu
26、sy with our work.She _a friendly wave of the hand in the street.她在街上朝我们亲切地挥手致意。她在街上朝我们亲切地挥手致意。greetinggreeted to greeted us with 单句语法填空They exchanged _(greet)and sat down to lunch.When it was first staged in 1949,the play was greeted _ enthusiastic reviews.greetingswith 单句语法填空/补全句子 The ship is fully
27、 _(load)with rice for Shanghai.Knowing that they had arrived safely in such foggy weather took a load _my mind.Hey!_ _ _ _this!Garbage sorting has been carried out in Shanghai.嗨！仔细听着！上海已经实施垃圾分类了。loadedoff get a load of 单句语法填空/补全句子 Many people who love Chinese culture attended the art _(exhibit)in Ca
28、mbridge.His work was _(exhibit)in the best galleries in America，Europe and Asia.We made copies of them and put them _in Beijing.我们进行临摹，在北京举办了展览。on exhibition exhibitedexhibition 单句语法填空/同义句转换 Money was _(lack)to complete the building.The scientist abandoned his research _lack of funds.These children
29、have health problems linked to poor diet and _lack of exercise.We are short of the strength to walk any further.We _the strength to walk any further.lacking for a lack 单句语法填空As I look back on that day now,it surely _(lack)any sense of reality.She felt nervous,increasingly _(lack)in confidence about
30、herself.lackslacking 单句语法填空 As a student I lived in Oxford but was a _(frequent)visitor to Belfast.By this time she was in her nineties and needed help more and more _(frequent)frequentfrequently 单句语法填空/补全句子 The students are _(most)young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.It was the peopl
31、e with the least money who gave _(most)generously.Whichever way youre going you have to _what this is.不论你是朝哪个方向走，你都要充分利用这机会。make the most of mostmostlysummary 1greet 2.broadcast 3load 4.battle 5.fold 6.exhibition 7.seal 8.demonstrate 9.vivid 10.needle 11.elegant 12.carve 13.lack 14.bare 15.magnifice
32、nt Homework Review the words and phrases Finish the paper.1come up产生，出现；上来；走近；被提出And youre really going to love whats coming up next.(教材P39)你真的会喜欢接下来发生的事情。I came across a group of children playing.我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。The book comes out this week.这本书本周出版。Several students have come up with suggestions of the
33、ir own.有几位同学提出了自己的建议。单句语法填空/补全句子Thats the second time his names come up today.I was delayedsomething came_up at home.我耽搁了些时候家里出了点事。短语记牢come across偶遇come out 出来，出版come up with 想出，提出 名师提醒come up表示“被提出”和come out表示“出版”时，均为不及物动词短语，不可使用被动形式。2look into观察，调查 When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind
34、 of her own！(教材P39)当我看着她的眼睛时，她似乎有自己的想法！单句语法填空 Is it helpful to look through the newspaper?His disappearance is being looked into by the police.The students swam in the pool while the teacher looked on He was left alone，with no one to look after him.Look out!A trucks coming!Get out of the way.短语记牢 lo
35、ok after照顾，照料 look on 旁观 look out 当心；留神 look through 浏览；仔细查看1Her head and arms are missing，but you can imagine her holding her arms up high，celebrating the result of an ancient battle.(教材P38)她的头和手臂都没有了，但你可以想像她高举双臂庆祝一场古老的战斗的结果。【分析】本句中celebrating the result of an ancient battle是现在分词作伴随状语，和句中her在逻辑上是主谓
36、关系，和句中谓语动词同时发生，即表示主动进行的动作。She came into the house，carrying a lot of books.她抱着很多书走进了房间。【拓展】现在分词作状语(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系。(2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词的完成时 having done。(3)作状语的分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。Working hard，you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Having
37、 finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。同义句转换He lay on the grass，and stared at the sky for a long time.He lay on the grass，staring_at_the_sky for a long time.His father died，and left him a lot of money.His father died，leaving_him_a_lot_of_moneyAlthough they knew all
38、 this，they made me pay for the damage.Knowing_all_this，they made me pay for the damage.Because he had lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.Having_lived_in_Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.2I guess thats why she attracts so many visitors every day.(教材P39)我想这就是她每天吸
39、引这么多游客的原因。【分析】句中That/This is why.那/这是的原因。其中why引导表语从句。(强调结果)He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。【拓展】与“原因”有关的句型(1)That/This is because.那/这是因为(强调原因)(2)The reason why.is that.的原因是I wont go out today.This is because I am not feeling well.今天我不出去了，因为我
40、感觉不舒服。The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he got stuck in the traffic.他缺席会议的原因是他遇到交通阻塞了。一句多译她迟到是因为她没有赶上公共汽车。She was late.That_was_because she didnt catch the bus.She didnt catch the bus.That_was_why she was late.The_reason_why she was late was_that she didnt catch the bus.3.They r
41、eally do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing.(教材P39)几个世纪以来，他们确实一直展现在我们面前，好像时间都成了无关紧要的东西了。【分析】“do/does/did动词原形”构成强调句型，该句型用来强调谓语动词。Do write to me after you get there.你到那儿后务必给我写信。【拓展】强调句型：(1)这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只用于肯定句中。(2)若对句子其他部分进行强调，要使用强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who.It w
42、as Li Ping that/who he met in the street yesterday.他昨天在街上遇见的是李平。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天午夜我才回到家。用强调句补全句子Why didnt you call Mary last week?I did_call_her，but the line was busy then.你上个星期为什么没有给玛丽打电话？我确实给她打过电话，但是那时候占线。She does_hope that you will get better soon.她真的希望你能够尽快康复。
43、1be regarded as.将看作Nightshining White，now kept in New Yorks Metropolitan Museum of Art，is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.(教材P44)现在保存在纽约大都会艺术博物馆的夜照白被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的马画之一。With/In regard to teaching method，we have not yet discussed it.关于教学方法，我们还没有讨论。P
44、raise good work，regardless of who did it.不论是谁做得漂亮的工作，都给予称赞。补全句子/一句多译I must speak to you in/with_regard_to this matter.关于这件事，我必须和你谈一谈。He continued speaking regardless_of my feelings.他不顾我的感受继续说下去。我把他看作我的好朋友之一。I regard him as one of my best friends.He is_regarded_as one of my best friends.短语记牢regardles
45、s of不管，不顾with/in regard to 关于，至于2.due to由于Due to Han Gans natural talent and years of hard work，he was eventually chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace.(教材P45)由于韩干的天赋和多年的辛勤工作，他最终被选在皇宫里为唐玄宗服务。People matter because of what they are，not what they have.人之所以重要，不在于他们拥有什么，而在于他们是什么样的人。Owing t
46、o the bad weather，the next flight will be put off.由于天气恶劣，下一航班将被推迟。补全句子He realized that she was crying because_of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。The teams success was largely due_to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。Thanks_to his assistance，we got out of the dark cave safely.幸亏有他帮助，我们才安全地走出漆黑的山洞。Owin
47、g_to the bad weather，we didnt go to the park.由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。易混辨析due to，because of，owing to，thanks to due to 引出造成后果的原因。作状语、表语或定语。作状语时，一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开，一般不放句首 because of 强调因果关系，仅作状语，一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开 owing to 作状语或表语，作状语时，习惯上用逗号和句子其他部分分开 thanks to 作状语或表语，通常用于好的方面，意为“多亏”，但有时作反语，可置于句首或句末1Born into a poor family
48、 in the early Tang Dynasty，the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine shop.(教材P45)韩干出生于初唐的一个贫困家庭，年轻时他不得不通过在当地的一家酒馆工作来帮助养家糊口。【分析】本句中Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty是过去分词短语作原因状语。bear与the young Han Gan之间是动宾关系，根据句意可知，bear先发生，故使用过去分词表示被动完成的动作。【拓展】(1)过去分词作
49、状语表示被动的和完成的动作，表示时间、原因、让步等。(2)过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。(3)过去分词作状语可改为状语从句。(4)过去分词作状语的位置：过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。Seen from the space，the earth is a blue planet.从太空看，地球是个蓝色的球体。Caught in a heavy rain(Because he was caught in a heavy rain)，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。He st
50、ood there silently，moved to tears.Moved to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。单句语法填空/同义句转换Deeply moved(move)by the movie，the children began to cry.Locked(lock)up，he had no way to escape.She walked out of the house，followed(follow)by her little daughter.If I am given another hour，I can a
