1、人教课标新教材选必人教课标新教材选必3UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONContentsPart 1基础巩固基础巩固Part 2重点突破重点突破Part 3语法归纳语法归纳Part 4写作指导写作指导Part 1基础巩固基础巩固1._ n.图；图标；曲线图图；图标；曲线图2._ n.排放物；散发物；排放排放物；散发物；排放3._ vi.&vt.(使使)融化；熔化；软化融化；熔化；软化4._ n.海豹海豹5._ vt.&n.排放；释放；发布排放；释放；发布 6._ n.甲烷；沼气甲烷；沼气7._ n.碳碳8._ n.二氧化物二氧化物9._ n.化石化石graphemi
2、ssion melt seal release methanecarbondioxidefossil 10._ n.燃料；刺激性言行燃料；刺激性言行11._ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的全部的；所有的；详尽的 12._ adv.遍及全球地遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的世界各地的；影响全世界的13._ n.趋势；趋向；动向趋势；趋向；动向 14._ vt.&vi.(broadcast,broadcast)播送；广播；播送；广播；传播传播 n.广播节目；电视节目广播节目；电视节目 15._ n.政策；方针；原则政策；方针；原则 16._ n.足迹；足迹；(某物所占的某物所占的)空间
3、量；面积空间量；面积17._ vt.抓住；夺取；控制抓住；夺取；控制 fuel comprehensive worldwidetrend broadcastpolicy footprint seize18._ n.流域；盆地；盆流域；盆地；盆19._ n.企鹅企鹅20._ vi.&vt.改革；改革；(使使)改正；改造改正；改造 n.改革；变革；改良改革；变革；改良 21._ vt.(underwent,undergone)经历；经受经历；经受(变化、变化、不快等不快等)22._ vt.使生效；贯彻；执行使生效；贯彻；执行23._ adj.适度的；中等的；温和的适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.&v
4、t.缓和；使适中缓和；使适中24._ vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服提交；呈递；屈服 basinpenguinreformundergoimplementmoderatesubmit25._ adj.每年的；一年的每年的；一年的 n.年刊；年鉴年刊；年鉴 26._ adj.热带的；来自热带的热带的；来自热带的27._ n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱混乱；杂乱；紊乱 28._ adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的原子能的；核能的；原子核的29._ n.(热带热带)丛林；密林丛林；密林30._ n.烟雾烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物烟与雾混合的空气污染物)31._ n.量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷量；体积；（
5、成套书籍中的）一卷 32._ n.垃圾；废物垃圾；废物33._ n.公司；企业；事业公司；企业；事业34._ vt.恢复；使复原；修复恢复；使复原；修复annualtropicalchaosnuclearjunglesmogvolumegarbageenterpriserestore35._ n.（一）打；十二个（一）打；十二个 36._ n.去掉；清除；处理去掉；清除；处理37._ vt.对对处以罚款处以罚款 38._ n.运动；战役运动；战役 vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动参加运动；领导运动 39._ n.水道；航道水道；航道40._ n.议程表；议事日程议程表；议事日程dozendis
6、posalfine campaignwaterwayagenda1.starve vi.&vt.(使使)挨饿；饿死挨饿；饿死_ n.饿死饿死_ adj.挨饿的挨饿的2.ecology n.生态；生态学生态；生态学_ adj.生态的生态的_ n.生态学家生态学家3.habitat n.居住地；栖息地居住地；栖息地 _ adj.适合居住的适合居住的 _ n.居民居民starvationstarvingecologicalecologisthabitablehabitant4.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住维持；遭受；承受住_ adj.可持续的；合理利用的可持续的；合理利用的_ n.持续性
7、；能维持性持续性；能维持性5.frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的频繁的；时常发生的 _ adv.频繁地；经常频繁地；经常 _ n.频率；频繁频率；频繁6.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚限制；限定；束缚 _ n.限制规定；现值法规；约束限制规定；现值法规；约束 _ adj.受限制的受限制的7.harmonious adj.和谐的和谐的_ n.协调；和睦；融洽协调；和睦；融洽sustainabilitysustainablefrequentlyfrequencyrestrictionrestrictedharmony8.sense n.感觉官能；意识，观念；理解；识别力感觉官能
8、；意识，观念；理解；识别力 _ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的9.origin n.起源；出身起源；出身_ v.起源；发源；创立起源；发源；创立_ adj.最初的最初的10.conserve vt.保存保存_ n.对对(环境、文物等环境、文物等)保护；保持保护；保持11.regulation n.章程；规章制度章程；规章制度_ adj.定期的；有规律的定期的；有规律的_ adj.(反义词反义词)无规律的；不规则的无规律的；不规则的sensitiveoriginateoriginalconservationregularirregular12.inspect vt.
9、检查；视察；检阅检查；视察；检阅 _ n.检查；查看；视察检查；查看；视察 _ n.检察员；巡视员检察员；巡视员13.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许忍受；包容；容许_ n.容忍容忍_ adj.宽容的宽容的tolerantinspectioninspectortolerance1._ 代表代表(代替代替)某人某人2._ 许多；很多许多；很多3._ 参考；涉及；指的是参考；涉及；指的是4._ 对对产生影响产生影响5._ 导致；通向导致；通向6._ 最终最终 7._ 有助于；导致有助于；导致8._ 建立；开业；竖立建立；开业；竖立9._ 执行，实行；贯彻执行，实行；贯彻10._ 实际上；生
10、效实际上；生效on behalf of dozens ofrefer tohave an impact onlead to end upcontribute toset upcarry outin effect1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.There is no/little doubt that.毫无疑问毫无疑问2.Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.without 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句Part 2重点突破重点突破1.s
11、tarve v.(使使)挨饿挨饿;饿死饿死 the bear appeared to have starved and died.(P26)starve to death 饿死饿死starve for 渴望渴望；急需要；急需要starve to do sth.渴望做某事渴望做某事starving adj.挨饿的挨饿的starvation n.饥饿；饿死；绝食饥饿；饿死；绝食【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)那次饥荒那次饥荒(famine)中有许多人饿死了。中有许多人饿死了。2)那个可怜的孩子急需关注。那个可怜的孩子急需关注。3)给我准备些吃的！我快饿死了！给我准备些吃的！我快饿死了！
12、Many people starved to death because of the famine.The poor kid is just starved for attention.Please prepare some food for me.Im starving!2.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住维持；遭受；承受住 Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.(P27)sustain economic growth 维持经济增长维持经济增长sustain a defeat/an injury/a loss 遭受失败遭
13、受失败/受伤受伤/损失损失sustainable adj.可持续的，合理利用的可持续的，合理利用的sustainable economic growth 经济的可持续增长经济的可持续增长sustainable development 可持续发展可持续发展【语境应用语境应用】完成句子完成句子 1)The ice was too thin to _(承受体重承受体重)of the goat.2)The typhoon left,and the city had _(遭受巨大破坏遭受巨大破坏).3)The aim of the meeting was to promote _(可持续发展可持续发展)
14、in that area.sustain the weight sustained great damage sustainable development3.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制抓住；夺取；控制 It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,(P27)seize sth.from 从从抓取抓取/夺取某物夺取某物seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会抓住机会/时机时机seize sb.by the+身体部位身体部
15、位 抓住某人抓住某人【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1)Before the thief could run away,the brave girl seized him _ the collar.2)In my opinion,only by facing difficulties bravely and _(seize)opportunities can one succeed.根据汉语翻译补全句子。根据汉语翻译补全句子。3)The young man _ and made some money.这个年轻人抓住机会赚了一些钱。这个年轻人抓住机会赚了一些钱。seized the
16、chancebyseizing4.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许忍受；包容；容许 The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.(P34)tolerance n.容忍；宽容；忍耐力容忍；宽容；忍耐力tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的宽容的，容忍的tolerable adj.可容忍的，可接受的可容忍的，可接受的tolerate sb.doing sth.容忍容忍/忍受忍受(某人某人)做某事做某事【语境应用语境应用】用用tolerate的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1)The doctors manage to keep
17、 the pain at a _ level.2)They have _ poor working conditions in order to finish the job.3)Many old people have a very limited _ to cold.4)I think men are less _ of stress than women.tolerable tolerated tolerance tolerant1.on behalf of sb.代表代表(代替代替)某人某人 Im doing a project on behalf of my school about
18、 global warming.(P29)on ones behalf 代表某人代表某人represent sb.代表某人代表某人stand for 代表，象征代表，象征【语境应用语境应用】根据中英文提示完成下列句子。根据中英文提示完成下列句子。1)我谨代表全班同学感谢大家。我谨代表全班同学感谢大家。_ I would like to thank you all.2)我代表我母亲给您打电话，以表达她对您送礼物的感激之我代表我母亲给您打电话，以表达她对您送礼物的感激之情。情。I am calling you _,to express her thanks for your gift.On beh
19、alf of the class/On the classs behalf on behalf of my mother/on my mothers behalf2.dozens of 许多；很多许多；很多 Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.(P32)a dozen 一打，十二一打，十二two(three.)dozen 可直接修饰名词，无需加可直接修饰名词，无需加ofby the dozen 成打的（地）成打的（地）【语境应用语境应用】将下列句子翻译成英语。将下列句子翻译成英语。1)我妈妈买了一打鸡蛋。我妈妈买了一打鸡蛋。
20、2)每天都有很多文件要处理。每天都有很多文件要处理。My mother bought a dozen eggs.There are dozens of documents to deal with every day.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(P26)There is little doubt that.毫无疑问毫无疑问 that在句中引导同在句中引导同位语从句位语从句There is some doubt whether 对对值得怀疑值得怀疑I dont/never doubt that 我确
21、信我确信I doubt whether/if 我怀疑是否我怀疑是否1.There is no/little doubt.毫无疑问毫无疑问注意：注意：doubt前有否定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从前有否定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从句由句由that引导；引导；doubt前有肯定意义的词修饰时，其后的同前有肯定意义的词修饰时，其后的同位语从句由位语从句由whether或或if引导。引导。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1)There is no doubt _ these advantages are of great help for me to become a good vo
22、lunteer.(2019 全国卷全国卷满分作文满分作文)2)I never doubt _ the special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.3)There is still some doubt _ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school.that that whether2.without 引导的含蓄虚拟条件句引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 Without this process
23、,Earth could not sustain life.(P27)“without/but for+名词名词”可取代可取代if引导的虚拟条件从句引导的虚拟条件从句，主句用主句用虚拟虚拟语气，表示所说语气，表示所说内容与事实相反内容与事实相反。除了除了without，but for之外，之外，otherwise，but等也常用来表示等也常用来表示虚拟条件。虚拟条件。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1)Without excellent education,there _(be)no advanced science and technology.2)The workers wer
24、e not better organized,otherwise they _(accomplish)the task in half the time.(2019 天津天津)3)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we _(have)a good time together.(2019 江苏江苏)would bewould have accomplishedwould have hadPart 3语法归纳语法归纳直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语引述某人的话可采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即原封不引述某人的话可采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即
25、原封不动地引用原话，将其放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即用动地引用原话，将其放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。一般来说，两者之间转化要点包括一般来说，两者之间转化要点包括时态变化时态变化、代词变化代词变化、地地点状语变化点状语变化、时间状语变化时间状语变化、方向性动词变化方向性动词变化和和语序变化语序变化等。等。1.时态变化时态变化 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。方面要做相应的变化。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语
26、一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时eg“I dont know that,”he said.He said that he didnt know that.如果直接引语讲的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，时如果直接引语讲的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。态不变。eg The teacher said to us,“Light travels faster than sound.”The teacher told
27、us that light travels faster than sound.【注意注意】2.人称变化人称变化 一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。称。二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。相一致的人称。第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。称不变。eg“I dont know that,”he said.
28、He said that he didnt know that.变化项目变化项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthese时间状语时间状语nowtoday,tonightthis week/monththatthosethenthat day,that nightthat week/month 3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。yesterdayten days/weeksagotomorrow/next year.地点状语地点状语here方向性方向性动词动词comebringthe day beforeten da
29、ys beforethe next day/yeartheregotake注意：注意：以上变化要根据实际情况而定。如果就在当天转述，以上变化要根据实际情况而定。如果就在当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语不必改变；如果就在当地转述，等时间状语不必改变；如果就在当地转述，here不必变为不必变为there。4.语序变化语序变化直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。为陈述句语序。一般疑问句一般疑问句由连词由连词whether或或if引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用动词
30、常用ask,wonder,want to know等。等。eg Mother asked me,“Have you finished your homework?”Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.选择疑问句选择疑问句由由whether.or引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。eg “Are you going to Beijing or Shanghai for the holidays?”she asked.She asked me whether I was going to Beijing or Shanghai f
31、or the holidays.反意疑问句反意疑问句由连词由连词whether或或if引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。eg “You dont like rock music,do you?”he said.He asked me whether/if I liked rock music.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。eg “How many sleeping pills have you taken?”asked the nurse.The nurse asked me how many sleeping pills I had
32、 taken.表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语：表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语：suggest+doing或或ask/advise+宾语宾语+动词不定式。动词不定式。eg “What about starting early tomorrow morning?”Jack said.Jack suggested starting early tomorrow morning.祈使句祈使句动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式。常见引述动词有不定式。常见引述动词有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
33、eg He said to Ann,“Tell me your problem.”He told Ann to tell him her problem.“Dont work in bed,Tom,”she said.She told Tom not to work in bed.根据示例，用括号内的词转述下面句子。根据示例，用括号内的词转述下面句子。Example:Anna to Janet:Dont forget to sign the form.(remind)Anna reminded Janet to sign the form.1.Jack:Ill do my homework a
34、fter class.(say)Jack said(that)he would do his homework after class.3.Kate:What is your favorite book,Joe?(ask)John asked Tom if/whether he was playing football at that time the day before.Kate asked Joe what his favorite book was.2.John:Tom,were you playing football at this time yesterday?(ask)4.Sa
35、lly:Lets go to see the film.(suggest)Sally suggested going to see the film./Sally suggested that they(should)go to see the film.Part 4写作指导写作指导如何写关于环境问题的报告如何写关于环境问题的报告写作任务写作任务近日你的英语老师组织同学们展开关于你市环境问题的调研近日你的英语老师组织同学们展开关于你市环境问题的调研活动，请你用英文写一篇报告。内容包括：活动，请你用英文写一篇报告。内容包括：1.环境问题；环境问题；2.采取的措施；采取的措施；3.取得的结果。取得
36、的结果。注意：注意：1.词数词数100左右；左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。一、审题定调一、审题定调本写作要求写一篇关于环境问题的报告。报告须如实地反映客本写作要求写一篇关于环境问题的报告。报告须如实地反映客观情况，一切叙述、说明、推断须恰如其分。文字、用词应力观情况，一切叙述、说明、推断须恰如其分。文字、用词应力求准确。求准确。二、谋篇布局二、谋篇布局本写作可分为三部分：本写作可分为三部分：第一部分：明确环境问题第一部分：明确环境问题垃圾污染；垃圾污染；第二部分：采取的措施；第二部分：采取的措施；第三部分：取得的结果。第三部分：取得的结果。三、词汇储备三
37、、词汇储备垃圾：垃圾：trash/rubbish/garbage/waste 垃圾污染：垃圾污染：garbage/waste pollution垃圾分类：垃圾分类：garbage/rubbish classification/sorting回收箱：回收箱：recycle bin 厨余垃圾：厨余垃圾：kitchen waste 可回收物：可回收物：recyclable waste 有害垃圾：有害垃圾：hazardous waste 生活垃圾：生活垃圾：domestic garbage/waste干垃圾：干垃圾：residual waste/dry refuse 湿垃圾：湿垃圾：household
38、 food waste未经处理的废弃物：未经处理的废弃物：untreated waste 固体废物：固体废物：solid waste四、组织语言四、组织语言第一部分：明确环境问题第一部分：明确环境问题垃圾污染。垃圾污染。At present,a great deal of rubbish is produced.,such as.,which has had a bad impact on.第二部分：采取的措施。第二部分：采取的措施。To tackle this issue,.introduced the policy of.Domestic waste is classified into.
39、Accepting the new policy,people have been carrying it out positively and strictly.As a consequence,the waste has been scaled down efficiently.第三部分：取得的结果。第三部分：取得的结果。Not only can garbage sorting decrease.and recycle useful materials,but it can also facilitate a greener lifestyle and build a more eco-f
40、riendly city.At present,a great deal of rubbish is produced in our city,such as leftover food,waste paper,plastic bottles and batteries,which has had a bad impact on our environment.To tackle this issue,the city government introduced the policy of rubbish classification.Domestic waste is classified
41、into four categories:dry refuse,household food waste,recyclable waste and hazardous waste.Accepting the new policy,people have been carrying it out positively and strictly.As a consequence,the waste has been scaled down efficiently.Not only can garbage sorting decrease our waste and recycle useful materials,but it can also facilitate a greener lifestyle and build a more eco-friendly city.
