1、定语从句目录第 一 章概 念第 二 章作 用第 三 章分 类第 四 章用 法概念概念定语从句概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词分为：关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词有：who,that,whom,whose,which等；在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等；常见的关系副词有：where,when,why等；在从句中作状语。定语从句概念定语从句的关系词关系代词的用法所作成分：先行词：人；先行词：物主语：Who,that；Which,that宾语：Who,that.whom；Which,that定语：w
2、hose；whose总结：1.当先行词是人时：关系代词who和that既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，而且作宾语时可以省略；2.其中whom只作宾语；3.当先行词是物时：关系代词which和that既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，而且作宾语时可以省略；4.whose既可以指人，也可以指物；that既可以指人，也可以指物。示例01.Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?（作主语）02.The girl who/that/whom I spoke to is my daughter.（作宾语）03.The building which/that st
3、ands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）04.The book which/that you bought for me is very interesting.（作宾语）05.whose既可以指人，也可以指物；在从句中作定语，形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系，即谁的、。Do you know the singer whose name is Wang feng?I live in a house whose windows face south.指人指物在定语从句中作的成分who主语whom宾语which（或指代整个主句）主语宾
4、语whose定语非限制性定语从句中的关系词指地点指时间在定语从句中的作用where地点状语when时间状语Tips：that，why 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用关系副词关系代词作用我们先来了解定语从句的作用，作用1：定语从句用来“限定”主语或者宾语的范围。例如：I love girls who have long hair！我喜欢有“长头发”的女孩。限定了人群，是部分，而不是全部。非现制定定语从句的两大特点 1、逗号，区分2大特点 2、连接词不能省略来两个句子就明白了：I love my mother，who is good to me！（who引导非限定性定语从句。我爱我妈妈，对我好的妈妈
5、。至于是王妈妈还是李妈妈都可以-多个。如果是l love my mom who is good to me.我喜欢爱我的妈妈-一个）总结：非限制性定语从句用以对句子、部分的补充说明，句中以逗号区别，并且连接词不能省略。分类先行词结构翻译限定加以区分（多个）先行词与关系词之间没有逗号翻译在前非限定补充说明（唯一）先行词与关系词之间有逗号并列句My brother，who is 18,is a soldier.My brother who is 18 is a soldier.（1）限制性定语从句，去掉从句部分句意受影响。非限制性定语从句去掉从句部分，主句含义不受影响：01.People who
6、take physical exercise live longer.（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义）02.His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.（若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整）限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上翻译上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确 去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导The differences用法1.只用that不用
7、which的情况先行词指物且含有不定代词(all,little,few,much,everything,anything等)Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?All that Lily told me seems untrue.先行词被the only,the very,the right,any,every,some,no,just等修饰This is the very bus that I am waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to lend you som
8、e money.先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时，如：This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen?先行词既有人又有物Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?避免重复a.主句的主语是疑问词who或whichWhich is the bike th
9、at you have lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?2.只用which不用that的情况 非限制性定语从句 关系代词前有介词（介词锁定）先行词本身是that（避免重复）3.只用who不用that的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one,ones,anyone,no one,those等Those who have not got your textbooks please raise you hands.there be结构中先行词指人There is a man who calls himself Mr.S joining our
10、 team.分隔式定语从句中I was one of the persons in my office who were invited.关系副词的用法（1）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。例如：01.That is the house where（=in which）my father used to live.那个是我爸爸曾经居住的房子。02.Last year my parents went to the farm where(=on which)they worked 30 years ago again.去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场。03.M
11、y father was born in the place where(=in which)World War II broke out.（2）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。例如：01.This was the time when（=at which）he arrived.这是他到达的时间。02.I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Beijing.03.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War II broke out.（3
12、）why指原因，其先行词表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。例如：01.Is this the reason Why（=for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？02.There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.03.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.（温馨提示：how不能用作关系副词，不用来引导定语从句。修饰表示方式的way的定语从句
13、用in which，也可用that或省略。Eg：This is the way how I did it.This is the way in which/that I did it限制性定语从句中as,which,that的区别名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而whic
14、h引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game,as we had expected.They won the game,which we hadnt expected.As is well known,he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same.as和the same.thatthe same.as指同类事物the same.that 指原物Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used l
15、ast week.那就是我上周用过的工具。功能定代副主句有所指，从句作成分功能定代副，介宾要谨慎逗号非限定，限定为区分练习（3）请区别以下的句子哪些是限制性定语从句，哪些是非限制性定语从句。01He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。02.This is my motorbike,which was sent to me by my uncle.这是我的摩托车，它是我叔叔送的。03.This is the book(which/that)he refers to.这就是他提到的那本书。04.This novel，which I have read three times，is very touching。这部小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。05.Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.06.Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.07.Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retires last year.byebye
