1、Unit 4 A glimpse of the future素养导航 The AlphaGo programs victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence(AI)machines act ethicallycan they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars.They are already on California roads,so it is not too soon to ask
2、 whether we can program a machine to act ethically.As driverless cars improve,they will save lives.They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do.Sometimes,however,they will face a choice between lives.Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road,even if that w
3、ill put their passengers at risk?What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog?What if the only risk is damage to the car itself,not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars,but they are not super-intelligent beings.Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelli
4、gent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGos victory,Microsofts“chatbot”took a bad turn.The software,named Taylor,was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24.Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received.She was designed to slowly
5、improve her ability to handle conversations,but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas.When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGos victory and Taylors defeat happened at about the same time.This should be a warning to us.
6、It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals.It is something very different to use AI in the real world.The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google,which owns AlphaGo.He thinks AI
7、 will be positive for humans.He says people will be the winner,whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter,more able and“just better for human beings”.词海拾贝victory n.胜利driverless adj.无人驾驶的challenge n.挑战unpredictability n.不可预测性outcome n.结果典句欣赏What if the only risk is damage to t
8、he car itself,not to the passengers?译文:如果唯一的风险是损坏汽车本身,而不是乘客呢?分析:What if.?如果怎么办?not to the passengers为省略结构。探究思辨1.What do you think of the driverless cars?2.Do you think it necessary to make rules for AI?答案:1.The driverless cars are helpful to the mankind,and they may be also out of control.2.Yes,I th
9、ink so.Section AStarting out&Understanding ideas.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.humanity n.2.susceptible adj.3.automation n.4.leap n.5.regulate v.人类 易受影响的自动化剧变控制,管理6.adj.人造的,人工的 7.n.受害者 8.n.能力,才能 9.n.助手,助理 v.帮助,协助 10.adv.潜在地 adj.潜在的 11.v.分析n.分析 12.adj.非法的,违法的adj.合法的 13.adj.不道德的,道德败坏的adj.道德的,有道德的 artificialvictimcapac
10、ityassistantassistpotentiallypotentialanalyseanalysisillegallegalimmoralmoral重点短语e true 2.be designed for 3.thanks to 4.in contrast 5.speak of 6.hang out 7.on the whole 8.be capable of 实现为而设计多亏与此相反,比较起来谈到,论及挂出,闲逛总的来说能够做9.消灭,彻底摧毁 10.有风险 11.被所替代 12.关心 13.别无选择只能做 14.就达成一致意见 重点句式Every recommendation she
11、 gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.wipe outat riskbe replaced withbe concerned abouthave no choice but to doagree on.阅读导学根据课文内容,选择正确答案。1.Why is Professor Stephen Hawking mentioned in the beginning?A.To use the celebrity effect.B.To attract the readers.C.T
12、o lead to the topic.D.To impress the readers.2.How does the person seek for the right restaurant now?A.Turn to his old friends.B.Rely on his personal assistant on his phone.C.Give a call to the restaurant.D.Drive his self-driving car.答案:B 答案:C 3.What risk will AI bring to humans according to the pas
13、sage?A.In some way,it will destroy or remove humans.B.It will help human experts solve some problems.C.Driving will not be safer once we use self-driving cars.D.With AI,journalists will not write news reports themselves.答案:A 重点词汇1.Are you concerned about developments in AI?你关心人工智能的发展吗?(p.38)【词汇精讲】co
14、ncerned为形容词,表示“有关的;担心的”。其动词和名词形式为concern。More and more people show great concern for road safety.现在越来越多的人高度关注道路安全问题。【词汇拓展】concern oneself about.关心show/express concern for/about.对表示关心be concerned about/for担心be concerned with与有关;涉及as far as.be concerned就而言A teacher must show/express concern for/about
15、every student.老师要关心每一个学生。As far as Im concerned,riding bicycles is a good solution.就我个人而言,骑自行车是一个好的解决方法。The accident was concerned with the bus driver.这起事故与公交车司机有关。【名师点津】形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的;有关的”。例如:a concerned look“关切的神情”;the authorities concerned“有关当局”。2.Thanks to AI,Iv
16、e got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.多亏了人工智能,我的手机内置了我自己的超级智能私人助理。(p.38)【词汇精讲】assistant 为名词,在此句中意为“助手,助理”;动词为assist,表示“帮助,协助”。Well do all we can to assist you.我们会尽全力协助你。【词汇拓展】assist sb with sth在某方面给某人帮助assist sb in(doing)sth帮助某人做某事assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事assistance n.U帮助,
17、协助,援助with the assistance of在的帮助下come to sbs assistance帮助某人Do you often assist your mother with/to do/in(doing)the housework?你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗?One of her fellow passengers came to her assistance.同车的一个乘客过来帮她。【易混辨析】assist/help/aid assist意为“帮助;协助”,侧重指协助help意为“帮助”,为常用词aid一般是指“援助”一群人,尤指用金钱(接受帮助的人较广)【微写作】The ass
18、istant is ready to assist others.When you require assistance,he is sure to come.3.Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.她给我的每一个建议都很棒,因为她能预测我是否会喜欢某家餐馆。(p.38)【词汇精讲】recommendation 为名词,表示“推荐;建议”,其动词为recommend。We make this recommendation f
19、or two reasons.我们提出此建议有两个原因。【词汇拓展】recommend doing sth建议做某事recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事recommend that sb(should)do建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气)recommend sb sth向某人推荐某物recommend sth to sb把某物推荐给某人recommend sb as.推荐某人为Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam(should)be at the age of six months old.眼科医生建议孩子第
20、一次视力检查应该在六个月大时。I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines to us and give us more free time to read them.我希望老师能给我们推荐一些更有趣的书和杂志,给我们更多的自由时间进行阅读。The doctor strongly recommended limiting the amount of fat in my diet.医生强烈建议我限制饮食中脂肪的含量。【名师点津】后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气的其他动词:advise,suggest,desi
21、re,command,urge,order,require,request等。4.And as they wont be susceptible to human error,theyll certainly be a lot safer.因为他们不会受到人为错误的影响,所以它们肯定会安全得多。(p.38)【词汇精讲】susceptible为形容词,在该句子中表示“易受影响的”,它还有“敏感的,情绪多变的”之意。James was extremely susceptible to flattery.詹姆斯听几句奉承话就忘乎所以。【词汇拓展】be susceptible to易受的影响be su
22、sceptible of能经受某事物;有某种能力susceptible population易感人群Young people are the most susceptible to advertisements.年轻人最容易受广告的影响。Is your statement susceptible of proof?你的说法能加以证实吗?5.But have you ever thought about the risks?但是你是否考虑过风险呢?(p.39)【词汇精讲】risk 在该句子中为名词,表示“风险”,同时它也可作动词,表示“冒险”,常用于risk doing sth这一结构,表示“冒
23、险做某事”。You shouldnt underestimate the risks of the plan.你不应低估这一计划的风险。He risked his life to save me in the cold river.他冒着生命危险在冰冷的河里救了我。Last year I had a narrow escape,and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生,因此我不想再冒一次生命危险了。【词汇拓展】take risks/a risk冒险take/run the risk of doing sth冒险做某事at ris
24、k有风险at the risk of.冒着风险Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks.男性在压力下更容易冒险。Your health might be at risk due to much smoking.由于吸烟太多,你的健康可能受到威胁。6.We could be seen as a“small”inconvenience thats in the way of a solution to a bigger problem.我们可以被看作是一个“小”的不便,这阻碍了解决一个更大的问题。(p.39)【词汇精讲】inconven
25、ience为不可数名词,表示“不方便”,其中in-为否定前缀;其反义词为convenience,表示“便利;方便”。We apologise for the delay and any inconvenience caused.我们对延误和由此造成的不便深感抱歉。【词汇拓展】at ones convenience在某人方便的时候for convenience为了方便for the convenience of sb为了方便某人convenient adj.方便的;便利的conveniently adv.方便地;便利地It is convenient(for sb)to do sth.(某人)方
26、便做某事。By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences no matter where we are.通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。As far as I know,it is convenient to do shopping in that small town.就我所知,在那个小镇上购物很方便。If you are interested,please send an application email at your earliest convenience to M
27、s.Chen.如果您有兴趣,请在方便的时候尽早发送申请邮件给陈女士。【名师点津】(1)convenience意为“便利;方便”时,为不可数名词;意为“便利的事物或设施”时,为可数名词。(2)convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。【微写作】You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,that is,at his convenience.His house is conveniently near the bus stop.7.We have no choice but to embrace it an
28、d regulate it.我们别无选择,只能接受它并加以规范。(p.39)【词汇精讲】have no choice but to别无选择,只能Her parents had no choice but to allow her to go to China to travel alone.她的父母除了允许她独自一人去中国旅行外别无选择。【词汇拓展】have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事Theres no alternative.别无选择。have nothing to do but do除了做外无事可做We have no alternative
29、 but to go on.除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。Theres no alternative but to work together to fight against the virus.除了共同对抗病毒,别无选择。I have nothing to do but sleep all the time.我无事可做,一直在睡觉。重点句式Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.她给我的每个建议都很棒,因为她能预测我是否
30、会喜欢某家餐馆。(p.38)【句式剖析】该句子中since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant为since引导的原因状语从句;if引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。Since you have settled down in a new country,you have to make an adjustment to the new environment.既然你已在一个新的国家定居下来,你就必须适应新的环境。【句式拓展】其他表示原因的连词和介词短语:(1)because因为(语气较重,常用于回答why的疑问)(2)as因为
31、(语气较弱)(3)for因为(并列连词,引导一个分句,不能置于句首,表示进一步补充说明)(4)due to,because of,on account of,owing to,thanks to,as a result of,now that等。He didnt attend the meeting because he was ill.他因为生病了,没有参加会议。John received an invitation to dinner;he gladly accepted it as he had finished his work.约翰收到了吃饭的邀请,他很高兴地接受了,因为他已经完成了
32、工作。I felt very glad,for I caught sight of my old friend in the crowd.我感到非常高兴,因为在人群中我看见了我的老朋友。Now that it benefits us so much,why not have a try?既然它对我们有如此多的好处,为什么不试一试呢?.单词拼写1.She welcomed us with an(虚伪的)smile on her face.答案:artificial2.The operation was carried out with the(帮助)of foreign experts.答案:a
33、ssistance3.According to WTO,China has become the biggest(受害者)of new trade protection measures.答案:victim4.This is an age of high technology and(自动化).答案:automation5.Chinese development has taken a huge(剧变)forward in the last years.答案:leap6.She(分析)the situation and then decided what to do.答案:analysed.课
34、文语法填空Artificial Intelligence will be 1.(benefit)to humanity.Due to AI,it is convenient for me to spend less time 2.(research)new restaurants with the help of super-smart personal assistant which 3.(build)into my phone.With AI,I hope 4.(get)self-driving cars soon.5.,an independent form of AI will bring 6.the risks.In some way,it might 7.(wipe)us all out!Meanwhile,AI will also result 8.the loss of jobs.In my view,9.(danger)as super-intelligent AI could be,if we regulate it,it will be of great 10.(valuable)to humans.beneficial researchingis builtto getHoweveraboutwipeindangerousvalue
