1、-Review Useful Structures Unit 3 Sea ExplorationLeading-inMatsu(妈祖妈祖)，the sea goddess.Who did Zheng He worship before he set sail?It has been a custom for fishermen and sea explorers _(worship)Mutsu since ancient times.to worship_(complete)the great map of the world was a strong passion for the peop
2、le of early civilizations.summary:1.不定式作不定式作_通常表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用_作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的_。若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n./pron.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用_sb.;当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用_sb.主语 it 后面 for ofIt is clever _you to work out the math problem.ofTo completeWhen Matsu was young,she decided _(help)peo
3、ple in sea out of danger and difficulty.to helpTrading has grown greatly in recent years,and will continue_(do)so in years to come.to do 宾语2.不定式作_常见接不定式作宾语的动词有哪些呢？agree,offer,learn，plan，prepare，arrange,choose,decide,determine，promise,desire,expect,hope，wish，would like，fail,manage，intend,manage,prete
4、nd,refuse,happen，hesitate，struggle，aim.有些动词既有些动词既可跟不定式，可跟不定式，又又可跟可跟v.-ing形式形式作作宾语宾语，但意义有所，但意义有所区别。这类动词区别。这类动词有有_,_,_,_,_,_等等。remember/forget/regret to do remember/forget/regret doing try to do try doing mean to do mean doing stop to do stop doing 记得记得/忘记忘记/遗憾要做某事遗憾要做某事记得记得/忘记忘记/懊悔做过某事懊悔做过某事设法做某事设法做某
5、事试着做试着做某事某事打算、意欲做打算、意欲做某某事事 意味着意味着 remember forget regret try mean stop停下 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事停止做某事停止做某事Mutsu was given the abilty _（predict）weather changes and announce whether it was a safe time for sailors and fishermen to set out to sea.to predictThere is an urgent need _（study）the Arctic in order to
6、understand climate change and its effects.Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,the need to _(trade)and the desire _(enhance)relationionships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.3.不定式作定语 to study to trade to enhance 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况1.Ple
7、ase make an effort to catch the bus.2.He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是time,way,chance,opportunity,ability,attempt,courage,need,desire,decision,effort,ambition,promise,right,wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意义的名词）只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况1.Yang li Wei was the first Chinese astron
8、aut to go into space.2.You are the only person to be choosen for the poetry contest.3.The manager is the last to come to the meeting.2.当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,the very,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最 高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况1.Do you have anything to explain?2.There is nothing to worry ab
9、out.3.I want to get something to drink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。当不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，句子中又有不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动形式to do；当不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上动宾关系，但没有其逻辑主语时，用被动形式to be done。I have a lot of housework to do.The meeting to be held is significant.The mission of the sea goddess was _(res
10、cue)the fishmen and merchants from sea disasters.to rescueThe aim of this initiative is_(encourage)cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.to encourage4 不定式作表语不定式作表语动名词也可以作表语，跟不定式作表语很多时候没有差别，但在某些特定情况下，则只能用不定式：当主语是purp
11、ose，aim，object，goal，function，plan，hope，wish等词时，用不定式作表语，表示_的或_的动作；当表语表示抽象动作时多用动名词。具体 将来Zheng He prayed to Mutsu,expecting her _(save)his fleets from the attacks of pirates.Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers _(search)for sea routes from west to east.常接不定式作宾补的动词有：常接不定式作宾补的动词有：want,warn,persu
12、ade,tell,help,ask/requestrequire,beg,order/command,force,encourage，urge,advise/recommend,allow/permit,forbid,expect,wait for,depend on，inspire to save to search5 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，注意：当不定式放在下列动词
13、后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带不定式不带to。常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉觉In Qing Dynasty,people living in the coastal area in southern Fujian often crossed the Taiwan Strait _ a living.Most voyagers prayed to Matsu for a safe voyage.Here,merchants from China and many other places met_(negotiate)trade deals
14、,.to make to negotiate6 不定式作状语（目的）不定式作状语（目的）I am glad _(see)you are making great progress in English.Alan lifted a rock only_(drop)it on his own feet.He is old enough _(go)to school.She is so proud as _(look)down upon others.to see to drop to go to look 结果状语：结果状语：常与only,enough 或too连用,用于“too.to”；“eno
15、ugh to.”；“only to do”句型中。原因状语：多原因状语：多“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。句型中。Common People built temples to worship Matsu.He got up early to catch the train.结果状语结果状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,Note:表结果表结果不定式：意想不到的结果不定式：意想不到的结果Ving：顺其自然、理所应当的结果顺其自然、理所应当的结果I hurried to the station to see Tom off
16、,only (find)he had already left.We adopted new methods,_ (improve)the quality of our products.to find improving7.独立结构独立结构 to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truthTo tell the truth,I dont agree with you.1.had better+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2.cannot(help)but do sth have no choice but to do sth.不
17、得不做不得不做3.Why(not)do sth.?4.prefer to+do sth.rather than do sth.动词不定式动词不定式主动主动被动被动用法用法一般式一般式to doto be done表示在谓语动词所表表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时示的动作之后或同时发生的动作发生的动作完成式完成式to have doneto have been done表示在谓语动词所表表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的示的动作之前发生的动作动作进行式进行式to be doing/表示正在进行的动作，表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生动作同时发生完成进行式
18、完成进行式to have been doing/表示在谓语动词所表表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进示的动作之前一直进行的动作行的动作不定式的构成与形式不定式的构成与形式 结构结构:to do (否定否定)not to do(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在发生在它之后它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的
19、动作也正在进行正在进行)(完成式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)Join the words to make sentences using infinitives.Then decide the function of each infinitive.1.He/encouraged me/participate in the sur
20、fing competition2.The storm/seems/be getting closer3.Magellan/was the first person/sail around the worldHe encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition.(OC)The storm seems to be getting closer.(P)Magellan was the first person to sail around the world.(Attr)4.The UN peacekeeping force/aims
21、/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.(O)6.It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less.7.The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater.8.It remains/be seen/whether or not
22、 his capsule can workIt is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less.(S)The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater.(O;O)It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work.(O)v.对对征税；使纳税征税；使纳税n.胶囊；太空舱胶囊；太空舱5.The crowd/stood/applaud/scientis
23、ts/for their important ocean research work.The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(Ad)v.鼓掌鼓掌Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.What do you think happens next?Far out in the ocean,wher
24、e the water is as clear as glass,lives the Sea King.The ocean is too deep _(measure).We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea,but actually it is not rare _(see)the most unique flowers and plants _(dance)in the fast-moving water.In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea Kings
25、castle,which has walls of coral and a roof _(form)of beautiful shells.The mother of the king,a wise woman who is proud _(be)born into the royal family,takes care of his six daughters.Among the six sea-princesses,youngest is the prettiest.to seeto measuredancingto have been formedAlthough she has del
26、icate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea,she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.The most common way for the princesses _(play)all day long is _(swim)in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls,feeding and touching the fish _(swim)up
27、to their hands through the windows.They seem _(not worry)about anything,except for the youngest,who.to playswimming/to swimswimmingnot to worryWhat do you think happens next?Suggested Answer.who wants to see what life is like on land.She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship.It travels toward her at great speed and terrifies her.She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship.She now realises that it is a scary world outside of the ocean,and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.
