1、Unit 1 Food mattersGrammar and usageDiscuss and share:What s your favourite food？Would you like to describe your experience as a real foodie?As a real foodie,I enjoy all kinds of foods.My dream is to try different restaurants and taste various foods.Yesterday I invited some friends to try a great ne
2、w restaurant for dinner.We arrived at the restaurant,only to see a huge line of people waiting to get into the restaurant.Nothing can stop our determination to have a try.We decided to wait outside.After an hour of waiting,we were invited to go into the restaurant and take the order.The dishes are e
3、xtremely delicious.It is worthwhile to have such a long wait.To-infinitives Exploring the rules Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home.Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects.Working out the ruleWhen the to-infinitive is used as a subject,we usually use the preparat
4、ory subject at the beginning of the sentence.itTo-infinitives as subjectsExploring the rules Exploring the rules Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home.Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as predicatives.Working out the ruleThe to-infinitive can also be used as a predicativ
5、e.It usually comes after the verb .beTo-infinitives as predicativesExploring the rules 一、动词不定式的时态和语态一、动词不定式的时态和语态主动主动被动被动一般式进行式完成式语态时态to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done否定式：not to do 二、动词不定式作主语二、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式可以在句中用作主语，通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作，并且句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式，如果and连接两个或更多并列
6、的不定式作主语，谓语动词就用复数。常见的不定式作主语的情况有：1.不定式直接作主语不定式直接作主语 To cook Chinese food is not easy.To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.To get there by bike will take us half an hour.【注意】动名词也可以作主语，但表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。Smoking in public places is not good.一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语2.动词不定式作句子主语时可以用形式主语动词不定式作句子主
7、语时可以用形式主语it 代替，将不代替，将不定式置于句末。定式置于句末。It is difficult to find a true friend.Its not easy to work out the problem.It is interesting to play with snow in winter.【注意】it作形式主语时，常见句型有：（1）It be+形容词+(for/of sb.)to do sth.（2）It is+名词+to do sth.（3）It takes(took/will take)sb.some time/money to do sth.(4)It seems
8、/appears+形容词+to do sth.（5）It is+believed/said/reported/estimated to do=it is+believed/said/reported/estimated that.一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语（1）It be+形容词形容词+for/of sb.to do sth.其中sb.为to do 不定式的逻辑主语。当形容词修饰不定式时，用for，此时，常用的形容词有：dangerous,difficult,easy,hard(艰难的),important,impossible,interesting,necessary,saf
9、e,useful等。Its difficult for us to make the final decision.It is easy for him to work out the math problem.当形容词说明逻辑主语的性质或特征时，用of，此时，常用的形容词有：clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。It is nice of you to help me.It is polite of you to say that to him.一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语（2）It is+名词（名词（a pity,
10、a shame,an honour,great fun,our duty.)+to do sth.。It is our duty to take care of the old.It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.It is a pity to fail in the English examination.（3）It takes(took/will take)sb.some time/money to do sth.。It took me more than an hour to do my homework yest
11、erday evening.It will take him two days to finish the job.It will take about 2,000 yuan to buy the desk.(4)It seems/appears+形容词形容词+to do sth.It seemed impossible to finish the job on time.(5)It is+believed/said/reported/estimated to do=it is+believed/said/reported/estimated that.It is said to rain s
12、oon.一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语 3.“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+不定式不定式”作主语作主语 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who,which,when,where,why,how等，用“特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语，与动名词作主语相同，句子的谓语同样采用第三人称单数。How to relieve the pain is a question.Where to hold the meeting hasnt been decided yet.4.动词不定式的被动形式作主语。动词不定式的被动形式作主语。To be admitted by a key university is diffi
13、cult for him.二、动词不定式作表语二、动词不定式作表语 1.不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，表将来表将来。表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词（短语、从句）作主语时，表语应用to do不定式。To live is to do something worthwhile.目的 His wish is to become an astronaut.愿望 To see is to believe.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.【注意】如果主语中含有实义动词do
14、的形式，表语中的to可以省略。（见do省to）What he can do now is(to)wait here patiently.二、动词不定式作表语二、动词不定式作表语 2.动词不定式的被动语态作表语。动词不定式的被动语态作表语。What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.【注意】有些作表语的动词不定式，在结构上是主动的，但是在意义上却是被动的（主动表被动）。She is to blame for the accident happening last night.二、动词不定式作表语二、动词不定式作表语3.“特殊疑问词特殊
15、疑问词+不定式不定式”作表语作表语 常见的特殊疑问词有：what,who,which,when,where,why,how 等。“特殊疑问词+不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。The question is how to finish the work.4.某些系动词，如be(是)、seem(看起来)，appear（看起来），prove（证明），turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，除了be动词之外，seem，appear，prove，turn out后面的表语若是以“to be+.”的形式出现，通常可以省略to be。【注意】有些系动词，如sound，
16、smell,taste,feel,become(成为)等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。He seems(to be)busy.=He appears(to be)busy.The plan proves(to be)right.=The plan turns out(to be)right.小结小结一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语1.直接作主语直接作主语2.it作形式主语作形式主语常用句型常用句型3.“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+不定式不定式”作主语作主语4.被动语态作主语被动语态作主语（1）It be+形容词+for/of sb.to do sth.（2）It is+名词（a pity,a
17、shame,an honour,great fun,our duty.)+to do sth.（3）It takes(took/will take)sb.some time/money to do sth.（4）It seems/appears+形容词+to do sth.（5）It is+believed/said/reported/estimated to do=it is+believed/said/reported/estimated that.小结小结二、动词不定式作表语二、动词不定式作表语1.不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，表将来表将来。见do省to
18、2.动词不定式的被动语态作表语。动词不定式的被动语态作表语。主动表被动3.“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+不定式不定式”作表语作表语4.某些系动词后面可以接不定式作表语，且某些系动词后面可以接不定式作表语，且to be可省可省略略。Practice 被邀请到你家做客真的是太荣幸了。It is a great honour to your family.在家做饭准备环节需要花很长时间。It takes a long time home-cooked meals.to be invited to prepare forIt is+n.(a pity,a shame,an honour)to do sthI
19、t takes sb some time/money to do sth Practice 你为我们做了这么多美味的菜真的是太好了。It is nice _ you _ so many tasty dishes for us.在当今社会，我们学会做饭还是很有用的。It is useful _ us .to learn how to cookforofto makeIt is+adj.+for/of sb to do sth Practice 然而，烹饪对于我来说还有点挑战性。However,cooking seems challenging for me.是否我能学会做几个菜，以后见分晓。It
20、 remains _ if I can cook a couple of dishes.to beto be seenApplying the rules Rewrite the following sentences,using to-infinitives.The next dish to prepare by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable.Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.We will put the po
21、tatoes in the pot first to cook them quickly.I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.Locatedto turnto sitpaintedrangingto inviteto beto seeApplying the rules 拓展拓展to do不定式还可以充当的句子成分不定式还可以充当的句子成分1.作宾语作宾语i
22、ntend to do;hate to do;pretend to do;offer to doSome students hate to study English.2.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语With a lot of work to do,he cant fall asleep.ask sb.to do;allow sb.to do;advise sb.to doforce sb.to do做make,have,let,hear,see,feel等动词的宾补时，省“to”。3.作目的状语作目的状语to do/in order to do/so as to do be used to do
23、 Applying the rules Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet.Write a thank-you note to your friend,offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend.Remember to use to-infinitives.Use the expressions below to help you.ExpressionsI am writi
24、ng to I have always wanted to It was so kind of you to I would like/love to It was wonderful to My plan is to PresentingDear Tom,I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet.It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window.It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch
25、the beautiful sunset.I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try,and it certainly lived up to my expectations!Do you have any arrangements next weekend?My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday.The view wont be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.Yours,Mary
