1、Unit 4 Grammar and usageVerd-ed forms as attributives,adverbials and object complements过去分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语CONTENTS动词动词ed作定语作定语123动词动词ed作状语作状语动词动词ed作宾语补足语作宾语补足语动词动词-ed 形式的意义形式的意义及物动词-ed既表示被动，又表示完成；不及物动词-ed 只表示完成，不表示被动The book,written by Lu Xun,are popular with many Chinese people.Once recovered,he threw
2、 himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.既表示被动，又表示完成只表示完成1.1.作定语作定语（1）单个的动词-ed 形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面除外，相当于一个形容词。The excited people rushed into the building.注意：有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后。如果被修饰词是由some/any/no+thing/body/one构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，也放在被修饰词之后。There is no food left on the tabl
3、e.Is there anything unsolved?补充：有时修饰与人有关的表情、眼神、声音等She had a scared look on her face.the color TV set produced last year =the color TV set that was produced last year a letter written to me by my daughter=a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信去年生产的彩色电视机 （2）动词-ed 形式短语作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，
4、相当于一个定语从句The suggestion made by the foreign expert was accepted by the manager.The houses,built last year,were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.=The houses,which were built last year,were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday.去年建的去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。Some of them,born and brought up
5、in rural villages,had never seen a train.=Some of them,who were born and brought up in rural villages,had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。（3）动词-ed形式短语作定语也可以作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开The meeting,attended by one thousand students,was a great success.1.There was an _(excite)look on
6、his face when the actress appeared.2.Its wrong for the _(develop)countries to control the world.3.I have collected all the money _(need).4.This is the problem _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday.5.The _(surprise)look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.6.Most of the people_(invite)to th
7、e party are famous scientists.7.The EMS _(post)yesterday will reach my brother in three days.8.There has been nothing _(change)here since I left this city.9.She is a _(respect)teacher.excited developed needed discussed surprisedinvitedposted changed respectedPractice2 2.作状语作状语动词-ed 形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条
8、件、让步、方式或伴随情况，在作用上相当于相应的状语从句，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。时间：Born at the beginning of the century,he became president in the early 1940s.原因：Depressed,he went to see his elder sister.条件：Given more time and support,we could have done it better.让步（相当于though/although引导的让步状语从句）：Tried again,the experiment still coul
9、dnt give us a satisfying answer.方式或者伴随：The teacher sat there telling stories,surrounded by a lot of students.动词动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连连 词词，使动使动词词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件件 等等关系关系更清更清楚。这类连词包括楚。这类连词包括although，if，once，though ，when，while，whenever，unless，as if，even though等
10、等。动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连词，使动词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件等关系更清楚。这类连词包括although，if，once，though，when，while，whenever，unless，as if，even though等。e.g.When combined with practice,theory becomes easier to learn.Though warned of the danger,he still went skating on the thin ice.Unless heated,a body will have no te
11、ndency to expand(膨胀).有些动词-ed 形式因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，而表示状态。这样的动词-ed形式及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)，seated(坐)，hidden（躲），stationed（驻扎），born(出生)，lost/absorbed in(陷入，专注于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦)等。(1)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he did not hear the sound.(1)Born in this beautiful city,he hates to leave it.Destroye
12、d by the hurricane,the old house is nowhere to be found.由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。(As/Because it has been)Bitten by the cobra,the man was in danger.因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。(Because he was)1.作原因状语 Seen from the top of the building,ourschool looks beautiful.从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。Water boils,heated to 100.水加热到100度就沸腾。(When
13、 it is)2.作时间状语(When it is)虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。Tired,he went on working.(Although he was)3.作让步状语 Punished by the parents,he wont come again.他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。(If he is)4.作条件状语 Absorbed in the work,he neglected food and sleep.他专心于工作，废寝忘食。She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.她走出房间，后面跟
14、着她的小女儿。(and she was)(He was)5.作伴随或方式状语Rewrite the following sentences,verb-ed forms as adverbials.1.He was buried in an ocean of loneliness and felt left out.Buried in an ocean of loneliness,he felt left out.2.As she was given advice by the famous detective,the girl was no longer afraid.Given advice
15、 by the famous detective,the girl was no longer afraid.3.Even if he was laughed at by many people,he continued his research.Laughed at by many people,he continued his research._ from the top of the building,the school looks beautiful._ from the top of the building,we found the school beautiful.Seen
16、Seeing 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。1._(compare)Shanghai with Xian,we found Shanghai is larger.2._(compare)with Xian,Shanghai is larger.3._(lose)himself in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.4._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him
17、.ComparingComparedLosingLost3 3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系，常见的动词-ed 形式做宾语补足语的动词有两类：（1）使役动词 make,get,have,keep,leave 等.Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.Dont leave those things undone.注意：动词-ed形式所表示的动作由他人实施。动词-ed形式所表示的动作由句中的主语实施。He had his money stolen when going shopping.He li
18、kes to have his arms crossed when talking with others.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：watch,observe,see,hear,listen to,feel,notice,find等。When we got to school,we saw the door locked.He found his house broken into when he got back home.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。回到家他发现家被盗。在with的复合结构中也可用动词-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。The
19、murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.With water heated,we can see the steam.With the matter settled,we all went home.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)1.Watching the _(finishing/finished)painting,Alice couldnt help smiling.2.Most of the artists _(i
20、nviting/invited)to the party were from South Africa.3.Do you still remember the Olympic Games_(held/holding)in Beijing in 2008?4.The _(surprising/surprised)look on her face suggested that she hadnt known the news before.5.There are many _(fallen/falling)leaves on the street.finished invited heldsurp
21、risedfallen6._(frighten)by the noise outside,Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.7._(compare)with our small flat,Bills house seemed like a palace.8._(face)with such a difficult task,we must redouble our efforts.9._(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.10.The lady return
22、ed home,_(follow)by the famous detective Holmes.FrightenedCompared Faced followedOrdered11.My computer broke down this morning,and I will get it _(repair)as soon as possible.12.We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when we got there.13.When he entered the room,he found the window _(break).14.She won
23、t have her long and beautiful hair _(cut)short.15.The speaker raised her voice but still couldnt make herself _(hear).repaired burnedbrokencutheard Exploring the rules偶然地，意外地偶然地，意外地远非，几乎相反远非，几乎相反V-ed forms as attributivessomething produced by the mouldV-ed forms as adverbialsV-ed forms as object com
24、plementsthe prepared mindget its mass production startedSurprised by thisWorking out the rules1.The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb,indicating a(n)_(active/passive)meaning.2.The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun.It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n
25、)_(relative clause/adverbial clause).3.The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.passiverelative clause1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria.2.Th
26、anks to her discovery of qinghaosu,malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.3.Born in 1930,in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.4.Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao e
27、xtract with cold water,Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.5.Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced,however,they still faced another problem.attributiveattributiveadverbialadverbialobject complementRe
28、write the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives,adverbials or object complements.1.The scientist who has been highly praised won an award._2.The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting._3.The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicin
29、e._ The highly praised scientist won an award.The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.Treated with the new medicine,the patients soon recovered.B1attributiveattributiveadverbial4.The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed._5.Once this report is finish
30、ed,it will be very useful for future research._ The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.Once finished,this report will be very useful for future research.B1object complementadverbialBenjamin Franklin was a famous scientist,writer,printer,inventor and politician.As a scientist,h
31、e was well known for his kite experiment.The story goes like this:Franklin had found lightning (1)_ (interest)for years,believing it was actually electricity.He designed an experiment to prove his theory.He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm,electricity could go through the wet k
32、ite line down to the earth.(2)_(know)it was too dangerous to hold the wet line,Franklin held a silk ribbon(3)_(tie)to the end of it.He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go throughhis body.Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined.When a t
33、hunderstorm approached,the lightning would charge the key.(4)_(conduct)on a stormy day in 1752,his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity.Franklin had his theory(5)_(accept)by many people.However,some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment,(6)_(argue)that if h
34、e had really done it,he would have received a deadly electric shock.Whatever the truth,Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity.interestingKnowing tiedConductedaccepted arguingB2an object complementan adverbialan attributivean adverbialan object complementan adverbialLooking at
35、a world map,Alfred Wegener found something amazing:the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa seemed(1)_(fit)together.He did more research(2)_(find)out what caused this.(3)_(collect)enough evidence,he put forward his theory of continental drift.Then he had his ideas(4
36、)_(publish)in The Origin of Continents and Oceans.However,people did not believe in his theory.For one thing,it challenged many scientific theories widely(5)_(accept)at that time.For another,Wegener failed(6)_(explain)the driving force(7)_(cause)the continents(8)_(drift)apart.to fitto findHaving col
37、lectedpublishedacceptedto explaincausingto driftSample answerGiving only fruit for dinner,I am very angry.Go and catch a sheep!GivenWorn a sheeps coat,I have made the stupid sheep open the door for me.Ha ha WearingCatching by Mr.Wolf,Mr.Lazy cried.CaughtFound Mr.Wolf get into our village,I beat him with a large hammer.FindingBeating by the sheep,I am badly injured.But I will never give up!BeatenTiring but happy,we can enjoy ourselves without any fear!Tired
