1、2022-6-231HISTOLOGY &EMBRYOLOGYMale and Female Reproductive Systems2022-6-2322022-6-233Reproductive SystemnSex, Gender, ReproductionnGerm Cells: sperm and ovum (haploid)nSex Hormones: Male-Androgens (Testosterone) Female-Estrogen , ProgestogennDevelopmental Stages: 2022-6-2342022-6-2352022-6-2362022
2、-6-237Male Reproductive SystemnTestis: nEpididymis: nVas deferens: nAccessory glands (prostate, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland) : nPenis and scrotum2022-6-2382022-6-2392022-6-23102022-6-2311TESTISa pair in scrotumnCapsule: nSeminiferous Tubule producing spermnTesticular Interstitium producing
3、androgens by Leydig cell2022-6-23122022-6-2313Seminiferous TubulesnSpermatogenic Cells - spermatogonia - primary spermatocyte - secondary spermatocyte - spermatid - testicular spermnSertoli Cell2022-6-23142022-6-2315 Spermatogenesis nStage 1 : spermatogonia mitosis (5)nStage 2 : spermatocyte meiosis
4、 (2)nStage 3 : spermiogenesis - round spermatid - elongated spermatid - testicular sperm ( no motility, no fertilizing capability)2022-6-23162022-6-23172022-6-2318SPERMnCondensed nucleus with haploid (X/Y)nFlagellum and mitochondrial sheathnAcrosome containing enzymesnMembrane with ovum-recognizing
5、ligand2022-6-23192022-6-2320Sertoli CellnSupport and nutritionnBlood-testis BarriernSecretion: Androgen Binding Protein InhibinnPhagocytosis2022-6-23212022-6-23222022-6-2323Leydig Cell in InterstitiumnSteroid- producing cell structurenAndrogens : spermatogenesis/ secondary sexual characteristic deve
6、lopmentnHormonal regulation - Hypothalamus GnRH - Pituitary Gland FSH LH (ICSH) - Testis Sertoli Leydig2022-6-23242022-6-23252022-6-2326Sperm PassagenTubules rectusnRete testisnEfferent ductulesnDuctus epididymisnVas deferensnUrethra 2022-6-2327EpididymisnEfferent ductules: principal cell with cilia
7、 & glandular cellnDuctus epididymis : pseudostratified columnar cell with sterocilianMicroenvironment for sperm maturationn- motilityn-fertilizing capability2022-6-23282022-6-23292022-6-23302022-6-23312022-6-2332Semen sperm + seminal plasmanSperm count, motility and morphologynSeminal plasma (pH 7.4
8、, 2-6 ml)- bulbourethral gland: lubricate- prostate: ACP, Enzymes, PSP- seminal vesicle: fructose, decapacitation factor, coagulation factor2022-6-2333Female Reproductive System Menstrual Cycle (bleeding monthly) and significant developmental stagesnOvum productionnEstrogen/progestogen secretionnEmb
9、ryo developmentnFetal breast-feeding2022-6-23342022-6-2335Female Reproductive SystemnOvary producing ovum & hormonesnOviductnUterusnVaginanMammary gland2022-6-2336Ovarian Follicle DevelopmentnPrimordial follicle primary oocyte + flat follicular cells (1 million at birth, 40,000 before puberty)nGrowi
10、ng Follicles(few decades/month) - primary - secondaryn Mature Follicle ( one per month, secondary oocyte)nAtresic Follicle2022-6-23372022-6-23382022-6-23392022-6-2340Growing FolliclesnPrimary:- primary oocyte growing- follicular cell proliferation- zona pellucida formationnSecondary:- follicular ant
11、rum- cumulus oophorus & corona radiata- stratum granulosum- theca interna and theca externa2022-6-2341Estrogen ProductionnLH: 17 hydroxydase in theca cell (cholesterol - androgen)nAndrogen diffuse into granular cellnFSH: aromatase in granular cell (androgen - estrogen)2022-6-23422022-6-23432022-6-23
12、44OvulationnOnce per month on 14 day of the cyclen36 48 h before ovulation, primary follicle completes first meiosis, becoming secondary oocyte and first polar bodynLH surge leading to ovulation delivering secondary oocyte and z.p/c.r- no fertilization: degeneration- fertilization: completing second
13、 meiosis2022-6-23452022-6-23462022-6-2347Corpus LuteumnGranulosa lutein cell producing progestogennTheca lutein cell producing estrogen with granulosa lutein cellnCorpus luteum of menstruation (14 days, then degeneration, corpus albicans )nCorpus luteum of pregnancy producing estrogen/progestogen/ r
14、elaxin under hCG2022-6-23482022-6-2349HOME WORKnWhat is the main differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis ?nDescribe the structure of ovary at 6 yr and 25 yr; 7th day of the cycle, 21st day of the cycle, one month after pregnancynHow many types of cell in ovary involve in hormone production
15、 ? 2022-6-23502022-6-2351OVIDUCT Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and intramural portionnMucosal folds with simple columnar ciliated cells and secretory cellsnInner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle coatnOuter covering of peritoneal mesothelium2022-6-23522022-6-2353UTERUSnUterus body- peri
16、metrium- myometrium-endometrium: basal layer and -functional layers (menstrual cycle)nUterus CervixNo menstrual cycle in endocervix2022-6-23542022-6-2355Menstrual Cycle (28 days)n1-4 day: menstrual phasen5-14 day: proliferative ( follicular phase)n15-28 day:secretory (luteal phase)thick, uterine gla
17、nd, stroma cell, matrix,spiral artery, predecidual cell, ovary structure & hormone profile2022-6-23562022-6-23572022-6-23582022-6-2359Hormonal Regulation of Menstrual CyclenFeedback mechanism GnRH / FSH LH / Estrogen ProgestogennFollicle & E. /Proliferative Phase nLH peak and OvulationnCorpus luteum
18、 & E.P/Secretory PhasenE & P decline and Menstrual PhaseWhat happens if Fertilization /pregnancy occurs ?2022-6-23602022-6-23612022-6-23622022-6-2363HOME WORK 2nDescribe the basic structure of vagina and its cyclic change during cycle.nDescribe the basic structure of mammary gland and the main difference between resting and breast-feeding mammary gland.
