1、Unit 3 语法精讲直接引语 和 间接引语The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.Direct Speech Indirect Speech“Lets work together to stop climate change,” the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate ch
2、ange.概念直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫 _。间接引语直接引语通常都用_括起来， 引号“ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词、句型等一般要作相应的变化。直接引语间接引语时态的变化人称的变化12指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3句型的变化41. 人称的变化人称的变化 一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。 一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致相一致的人的人称。称。 二随宾：直接引语中
3、第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。相一致的人称。 第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。称不变。 “I dont know that,” he said. He said that he didnt know that.He said, “I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room.He told
4、me that he had left his book in my room.I said to her, “I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.人称变化 句型转换 （1）“I will come and see you again this evening， Tom，”she said. She told Tom that would go and see again that evening. （2）He said to me，“You are wrong.” He told me that was wrong.
5、 （3）“Are you a soldier?” he asked. He asked if/whether was a soldier. （4）He asked，“Where are you going to get off， John?” He asked John where was going to get off. sheIhimIhe2. 时态的变化时态的变化直接引语变成间接引语时，如果主句是过去的某种时态，则大直接引语变成间接引语时，如果主句是过去的某种时态，则大多数情况下间接引语的时态应相应多数情况下间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态向前推一个时态。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接
6、引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时（不变）过去进行时（不变）一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时 “I dont know that,” he said. He said that he didnt know that.1. 如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said to us, “Light runs much faster than sound.”The teacher tol
7、d us light runs much faster than sound. 注意The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.2. 如果直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语，变成间接引语时，时态不变。注意My father said to me, “ The house was completely transformed in 2017.” My father told me that the house was completely tra
8、nsformed in 2017. 句型转换 （1）The teacher said，“You are doing OK.” The teacher said that doing OK. （2）He said，“I have written a novel.” He said that a novel. （3）He said，“She will come here to have a long holiday.” He said that go there to have a long holiday. （4）The teacher said，“Where there is a will，t
9、here is a way.” The teacher said that where there a will，there a way. （5）Jane said，“Mary，where were you going when I met you on the bus?” Jane asked Mary where when she met her on the bus. we werehe had writtenshe would is she was going is 变化项目变化项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthese时间状语时间状语nowtodaythi
10、s morning/ weekthatthosethenthat daythat morning/ week3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。yesterdayten days agotomorrownext weeklast weekthe day before yesterdaythe day after tomorrow地点状语地点状语here方向性方向性动词动词comebringthe day beforeten days beforethe next day/ the following daytheregotaketwo da
11、ys beforein two days timethe next week/ the following weekthe week before 句型转换 （1）“I will come and help you tomorrow，John，” she said. She told John that she would and help her _. （2）“Ill come and see you again this evening， Tim，”he said. He told Tim that he would go and see him again . （3）Mr Harry a
12、sked，“John，have you passed the exam yesterday?” Mr Harry asked John whether he had passed the exam _. （4）The old man said，“I like to talk with these young men.” The old man said that he liked to talk with young men. （5）She said to me，“I lived here five years ago.” She told me she had lived five year
13、s . the next daythat eveningthe day before thosetherego before4. 句型的变化直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词that引导，that可省略。直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语用whether或if引导，疑问语序变成陈述语序，谓语动词say/said 变成ask/asked。直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为ask/tell/order/advise sb (not) to do. 直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词that引导，that可省略。 John told h
14、er, “Id like to see a movie now.” John told her (that) he would like to see a movie then. 直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语用whether或if引导，疑问语序变成陈述语序，谓语动词say/said 变成ask/asked。 The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change?” The reporter asked whether/if polar bears would die out because of cli
15、mate change. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。 The teacher asked, “Where have you been?” 直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为ask/tell/order/advise sb (not) to do.The teacher asked me where I had been. He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.” He told Ann to tell him her problem. “Be careful with the dog, boys,” she sai
16、d. She warned the boys to be careful with the dog. “Dont work in bed, Tom,” she said. She told Tom not to work in bed. 句型转换 （1）He said，“Ive left my book in your room.” He told me he his book in my room. （2）She said，“Do you like watching the advertisements on TV?” She asked me I watching the advertis
17、ements on TV. （3）“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?” Bill asked. Bill asked the ads for jobs abroad. that whether where I had foundlikedhad left 句型转换 （4）“What are you doing now?” Mom asked. Mom asked then. （5）He said，“Please come here again tomorrow.” He again . （6）He said，“Dont make so much noise，boys.” He told the boys so much noise. what I was doingasked me to go there not to make the next dayThank You!
