1、Useful words and expressionsUnit 4 Journey across a vast land1. Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们不想一路乘商业飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥她们不想一路乘商业飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再乘火车。华，再乘火车。1) rather than conj./prep. 与其说与其说 (不如不如) (=more.than, not so much.as
2、) (是是)而不是而不是(=and not) (宁愿宁愿)而不愿而不愿 连接两个名词或代词连接两个名词或代词 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. =He is not so much a sailor as an explorer.=He is more an explorer than a sailor. You rather than I _ (be) responsible for it . 是你而不是我对此事负责。是你而不是我对此事负责。注意！ rather
3、 than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。are 连接连接两个形容词或副词两个形容词或副词 这双鞋子这双鞋子与其说与其说漂亮漂亮不如说不如说它穿起来舒适。它穿起来舒适。 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 我们要求早点我们要求早点而不是而不是晚点解决问题。晚点解决问题。 We want the matter settled sooner rather than later. 连连接两个介词接两个介词(短语短语)或动名词或动名词 (短语短语) 我我宁愿宁愿八月去，八
4、月去，而不愿而不愿七月去。七月去。 Id prefer to go in August rather than in July. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 She enjoys singing rather than _ (dance). dancing 我总是宁愿早开始而不愿把所有事情留到最后才我总是宁愿早开始而不愿把所有事情留到最后才做。做。I always prefer starting early, rather than _ (leave) everything to the last minute. leaving 连连接两个不定式接两个不定式 我决定写
5、信而不打电话。我决定写信而不打电话。 I decided to write rather than _ (telephone). It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each other, rather than _(eat) a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.(to) telephone/telephoning (to) eat/eating 注意：注意： 如如rather than 连接两个连接两个不定式时，其后不定式时，其后可以接可以接带带to或不带或不带to的不
6、定式的不定式, 也可以接也可以接 v +ing； 但但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不位于句首时，则只能接不带带to的不定的不定式或式或 v+ing 。如如: Rather than _ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. Rather than travel/travelling by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.ride/riding 连接两个
7、谓语动词连接两个谓语动词，意为意为“是是而不是而不是”，说，说明客观事实。明客观事实。 They boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. 他们煮土豆而不是炒土豆。他们煮土豆而不是炒土豆。 她打电话而不是写信。她打电话而不是写信。 She telephoned rather than wrote. 置于句首时，用置于句首时，用do/doingRather than _ (cut) out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. cut/cutting 连连接一个接一个谓语动词谓
8、语动词和和动词原形动词原形 意为意为“宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿”，说明主观愿望。，说明主观愿望。She walked rather than wait for a bus. 她宁愿走路也不愿等公交车。她宁愿走路也不愿等公交车。Rather than cause trouble, he left. 他宁愿离开也不愿添麻烦。他宁愿离开也不愿添麻烦。 表示表示“宁愿做某事宁愿做某事, 而不愿做某事而不愿做某事”的几种方式的几种方式l would/should rather do sth. than do sth. l=would/should do sth rather than do sth.l =(
9、would/should) prefer to do sth. rather than (to) do/doing sth.l = prefer doing sth. rather than / to doing sth. 我宁愿在家里过周末，也不愿一路开趁车去你母亲我宁愿在家里过周末，也不愿一路开趁车去你母亲家。家。 Id prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than (to) drive/driving all the way to your mothers. 连接两个分句连接两个分句 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。是我们应该帮助他
10、而不是他应该帮助我们。 We should help him rather than he should help us. 2) airline C 航空公司航空公司 (pl. airlines ) international Airlines 国际航空公司国际航空公司 China Southern Airlines 中中国南方航空集团有限公司国南方航空集团有限公司an airline pilot 航空公司飞行员航空公司飞行员p(travel) by commercial airline 乘坐商业航班（旅行）乘坐商业航班（旅行）Compare:pairway C （飞机的）航线；（常用于具体的
11、航空公（飞机的）航线；（常用于具体的航空公司的名称）司的名称）British Airways 英国航空公司英国航空公司pairliner C 大型客机，班机大型客机，班机pflight C 空中航行，飞行，航程空中航行，飞行，航程(a journey by air)； 航班，班机航班，班机(an plane making a particular journey)p(meet) on a flight (from.to.) 在飞行途中（相遇）在飞行途中（相遇）book/catch/board a flight (to.) 预订、赶上、登上预订、赶上、登上（前往的）航班（前往的）航班3) (tr
12、ave/go/drive/speak.) all the way /the whole way 一路上；自始至终；完全地一路上；自始至终；完全地(=completely ) She didnt speak to me all the way back home. Im with you all the way.4) fly to.乘飞机去乘飞机去 =take the plane to =travel to by air/plane 2. start (out)=set out/off 动身，启程动身，启程3. a couple of 一对，一双一对，一双(=two)；一些，几个；一些，几个(=
13、a few)pthe/a couple 这对这对/一对夫妻或情侣一对夫妻或情侣 作主语时谓语单、复数均可（多用复数），但表示若作主语时谓语单、复数均可（多用复数），但表示若干对中的一对干对中的一对,即一个单位即一个单位时时，其谓语动词用单数。，其谓语动词用单数。 There _ (be) a couple of girls waiting for you outside.is/are The couple _ (be) married in 2009. The last couple of years _ (be) difficult. Each couple _ asked to compl
14、ete a form. Several married couples _(be)on the dance floor. I found a _ of socks in the bedroom, but they didnt make a _. (couple/pair)4. see the sights 欣赏风光欣赏风光/ /景点景点was/were was were have been couple pair 4. During the first day, _ is typical of Vancouver, it rained. =During the first day, it ra
15、ined, _ is typical of Vancouver. She is extremely popular among students, _ is common knowledge. _ is natural, man cant live without air or water. _ is often the case with Americans, he does not care for raw fish.as as/which as/which As As as引导非限制性定语从句，并指代前面或后面主句，还引导非限制性定语从句，并指代前面或后面主句，还在从句中充当主语或宾语。
16、在从句中充当主语或宾语。 =It is natural that. 1) typical adj. 典型的典型的; 独有的独有的(classic, characteristic, unique ) ; 具有代表性的具有代表性的 (representative) ； 平常的平常的(normal, average)ptypically adv. 典型地；有代表性地；一向如此典型地；有代表性地；一向如此; 一般，一般，通常通常 (=usually)a typical/classic example/case典型例子典型例子/实例实例on a typical/average/normal workin
17、g day 在平时工作日在平时工作日pbe typical/characteristic/representative of sb./sth. .是某人是某人/物的典型物的典型/代表代表/特色特色 =be unique to sb./sth. 为所为所.独有独有pIt is typical of sb. to do sth. =Typically, sb does sth. 做某事是某人的一贯做风做某事是某人的一贯做风 At first, fever is _ of the disease, but it _ takes several weeks to appear. It is _of h
18、er to forget / to keep others waiting. 她这个人爱忘事她这个人爱忘事/让别人等待让别人等待。 =_, she forgets things/keeps others waiting.p Compare: basically adv. 基本上，基本上，大体上，大体上， 总体上总体上p_, their goal is to promote healthier eating habits. typical typically typical Typically Basically 5. take a boat ride out into the bay 乘船旅行
19、驶入海湾乘船旅行驶入海湾ptake a boat/car/bus/train/bike ride to/into. 乘小船乘小船/汽车、小车、火车去汽车、小车、火车去/进入某地进入某地 =take a ride to/into.in a boat/a car/on the bus /train/ ones bike =ride to/into.in a boat/a car/on the bus/train/ones bike =ride the boat/car/bus/train/ones bike to/into. 关于名词关于名词ride的其它短语和固定搭配：的其它短语和固定搭配：ph
20、ave a ride (in ones car/boat/truck/taxi/on ones bike/horse/on the roller coaster) 骑一下、乘坐一下骑一下、乘坐一下pgo on (bike) rides 去骑（自行）车去骑（自行）车/骑马骑马/去玩游乐设施去玩游乐设施pgo for a (bike/car/bus) ride 去（骑、乘坐去（骑、乘坐.）兜风）兜风 =go for a ride in/on sthpgive sb a ride (to/into.) in/on. 用用.捎某人去某地捎某人去某地ptake sb for a (car/bike.)
21、ride 带某人骑、乘车兜风带某人骑、乘车兜风p=take sb for a ride in/on. pget a (free) ride to/into sth 搭便车去某地搭便车去某地pIt is a ten-minute bus ride to/into/from.to. 去某地去某地 / 从从.到某地乘车到某地乘车10分钟的路程分钟的路程6. looking out over the city 俯瞰整座城市俯瞰整座城市 =overlooking the city7. take a pleasant hike in a forest 在森林中愉快地徒步在森林中愉快地徒步旅行旅行pplea
22、sant adj.令人愉快的令人愉快的, 宜人舒适的宜人舒适的； 友好的，友好的， 和善的和善的(to) ppleased adj.高兴的高兴的 (with sth /to see/hear/know/that.)ppleasing adj.令人高兴令人高兴/满意的满意的(to sb)(satisfying)ppleasure U 高兴；快乐高兴；快乐; 满意；玩乐满意；玩乐(=enjoyment) C快乐的事快乐的事Wilson was _ with his _design, and had the _of having _and humorous conversations with hi
23、s colleague.pgo on/for a hike to/through(the woods) 去去/穿越（森林）徒步旅行穿越（森林）徒步旅行pon the short hike from camp 在离开营地的步行途中在离开营地的步行途中pgo hiking 去徒步旅行去徒步旅行phike the Rockies 穿越穿越落基山脉徒步旅行落基山脉徒步旅行pleasedpleasingpleasurepleasant8. (On) The next moring, the two girls _ (arise) early _ (take) the train to Lake Loui
24、se, _ (pass) through the Canadian Rockies. arise / rise / raise / arousearoseto takepassing原形原形词性词义词性词义过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 现在分词现在分词arisevi. 出现出现，产生（问题，产生（问题/情情况）况）；起；起床床/身身/立立arosearisenarisingrisevi. 升起升起; 上升上升, 上涨；上涨；起立起立roserisenrisingraisevt. 举起举起；提高；提高；抚养；饲抚养；饲养养; 提出（问题）；筹集提出（问题）；筹集raisedraisedrais
25、ingarouse vt. 激起激起 (interest/anger)arousedarousedarousing Can we begin by discussing matters/problems _from the last meeting? The question _ as to whether or not he knew of the situation. Betty _ the important question of who will be in charge. All the family _ from their seats to welcome the guests
26、. She was too weak _ herself out of the chair For most parents, _ a family is a positive challenge.arisingariseshas raisedarose/roseto raiseraising His remark not only broke the ice, but _ everyones interest. Prices _ rapidly in the past ten years. Many shops_ their prices to unreasonable levels so
27、far. _(stand) in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds _(rise) from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. arousedhave risenhave raisedStandingrising9. in a forest just a short distance away （在）不远处（在）不远处 的（森林里）（副词短语作后置定语）的（森林里）（副词短语作后置定语）10. _(see) from the
28、 train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. _ (look) at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they _ ever _ (take).1) Seen 和和Looking 分别为过去和现在分词作时间状语。分别为过去和现在分词作时间状语。2) massive adj. 大而重，厚重的；巨大的大而重，厚重的；巨大的; 强烈的，非强烈的，非常严重的常严重的; 极好的极好的 SeenLo
29、okinghad taken巍峨、辽阔非常棒的pmassively adv. (extremely, awesomely) a massive wall/rock 厚重的墙、石块厚重的墙、石块a massive increase in.巨大的增长巨大的增长(suffer) a massive heart attack 心脏病严重发作心脏病严重发作3) awesome adj 很好的很好的(very good)； 令人惊叹的令人惊叹的(very impressive); 令人畏惧的；可怕的令人畏惧的；可怕的(very difficult and perhaps rather frightenin
30、g)an awesome sight/task 惊人的奇观、十分艰巨的任务惊人的奇观、十分艰巨的任务 the awesome sweep of the scenery 连绵壮丽的风景连绵壮丽的风景pawesomely adv. awesomely beautiful 极其美丽极其美丽4) scenery/sight/view/scene/landscape词性词义词性词义搭配搭配sceneryUscenery U 一国或地一国或地区整体区整体群山、森林等群山、森林等自然风景（总称）自然风景（总称）see/enjoy/admire the scenerysightC (所看见所看见/看得见的人、
31、看得见的人、物所形成的物所形成的) 景物景物, 景景象，（尤指）奇观象，（尤指）奇观 ；the sights 名胜，景点名胜，景点a fantastic/familiar/common /rare sight; show sb the sights (of)see/tour/enjoy/admire the sightsviewC 从某个位置所能看到从某个位置所能看到的远处（自然）风景的远处（自然）风景have/get a .view of.词性词义词性词义搭配搭配landscape C 广阔陆地（尤指乡村）由广阔陆地（尤指乡村）由丘陵、山谷、原野等构成丘陵、山谷、原野等构成的自然风光；风景画
32、的自然风光；风景画an rural landscape乡村风光乡村风光sceneC 某个具体地方（室内或室某个具体地方（室内或室外、局部或一时、人或物外、局部或一时、人或物活动的动态或静态的、画活动的动态或静态的、画中的）景象，景色；场景，中的）景象，景色；场景，场面，画面场面，画面a scene of absolute panic 一片惊恐的景象、场面一片惊恐的景象、场面 Id like a room with a _ for two nights, please. We had/got a spectacular _ of the ocean from the hotel. Looking
33、 at the beautiful _, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey The bird is now a rare _ in this country. The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking _ in the world. Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the _.viewscenerysightssightsightsview The peacefu
34、l _ of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes. Classical _ were a popular subject with many 18th century painters. He photographed a wide range of street _ in his spare time. They stood gazing at the happy _of children playing in the parksceneslandscapescenelands
35、capes311. where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 那里湛蓝的湖水，异常美丽，让那里湛蓝的湖水，异常美丽，让人惊叹不已。人惊叹不已。1) literally adv. 字面上字面上; 真正地真正地 (really, indeed)p literal adj. 字面上的字面上的; 原义的原义的; 逐字的逐字的; 言辞刻板的言辞刻板的p in the literal sense =literally speaking 照字义来说，不夸张地说照字义来说，不夸张地说2)
36、 take sbs breath away令人惊叹令人惊叹; 使某人惊羡不已使某人惊羡不已 =be breathtakingp take a (deep) breath （深深）吸一口气（深深）吸一口气具有异常的美丽具有异常的美丽 （介词短语作定语）（介词短语作定语）phold ones breath 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸; 屏住气屏住气p(be) out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气(breathless)plose ones breath 喘不过气来喘不过气来pcatch ones breath 喘口气；缓口气喘口气；缓口气12. take a coach (bound nor
37、th) through (the Canadian Rockies) to/towards (Jasper) 乘乘长途汽车（向北）经过长途汽车（向北）经过去去.1) 注意课本中出行或乘坐交通工具的表达方式。注意课本中出行或乘坐交通工具的表达方式。2) bound adj. 准备前往准备前往(某地某地) (for); 一定会一定会 (to do sth)pbe bound for. （交通工具）（交通工具） 准备准备开、飞开、飞往（某地）往（某地）We boarded a plane (that was) bound for New York/NewYork-bound plane. 我们登上了
38、前往纽约的飞机。我们登上了前往纽约的飞机。a northbound/southound/London-bound flight/train 前往北方、南方、伦敦的航班、火车前往北方、南方、伦敦的航班、火车 pbe bound to do/be 一定会一定会.；很可能会；很可能会. =be certain/sure to do/be.; be likely to do sthWhen you are dealing so many patients, mistakes _ _ _（肯定会）（肯定会）happen.are bound to pbe bound up with sth. 与某事有密切
39、关系与某事有密切关系pbe bound up in sth. 忙于、专心于、热衷于某事忙于、专心于、热衷于某事14. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks 除了壮丽的山峰除了壮丽的山峰1) spectacular adj. 壮观的，壮丽的壮观的，壮丽的(very impressive)； 令人惊叹的令人惊叹的(breathtaking) C 壮观的场面，精彩的表演壮观的场面，精彩的表演(spectacle)p spectacularly (successful) adv. 辉煌地（成功）辉煌地（成功） 2) a (snow-cappe
40、d)mountain peak （山顶被雪覆盖的）山峰（山顶被雪覆盖的）山峰 preach/be at ones peak / the peak of sth 达到达到/处于处于.的高峰、顶峰、巅峰、鼎盛时期的高峰、顶峰、巅峰、鼎盛时期Shes at the peak of her career. 她正处在事业的巅峰。她正处在事业的巅峰。pat peak times 在高峰时段在高峰时段 (adj.)15. highlight C 最好或最精彩的部分最好或最精彩的部分 (of) vt. 突出突出;强调强调;使醒目使醒目(emphasize, stress)One highlight of th
41、e trip/One of the highlhts of the trip was seeing/visiting the Great Wall in China.the highlights of the football match足球比赛的亮点足球比赛的亮点The report highlights the major problems _ (face) society today.16. drill vt. & vi. 钻钻(孔孔); 打打(眼眼) C】 钻头、钻机钻头、钻机; C（反复的）练习；（反复的）练习； U（军事）操练（军事）操练; （消防或应急）演习（消防或应急）演习pd
42、rill a hole in/into/through sth 在、穿过在、穿过.钻孔钻孔 pan electric drill 电钻电钻pmilitary drill 军事训练军事训练/演习演习 (Compare: military training 军训军训)pCanadas huge oil and gas drilling Industry 钻井行业钻井行业 facing17. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, _ daily temperatures _(average)-10. Edmonton 冬天极其寒冷，日平均气温达零下冬天极其寒冷，日
43、平均气温达零下10度。度。1) freezing adj.& adv. （地方（地方/人人/天气）极冷的（地）天气）极冷的（地）; 冰冻的冰冻的 U 冰点冰点 (=freezing point) pbe freezing cold 严寒；相当冷严寒；相当冷pa freezing winter 寒冷的冬季寒冷的冬季 pfreezing fog/temperatures 冰雾冰雾/冻结温度冻结温度p(be) above/below freezing (point) 冰点以上冰点以上 / 以下以下 (with)averagingwhen daily temperatures average -10)
44、pfreeze vt. & vi. (froze, frozen) （使）（液体（使）（液体/江河江河/物品物品/人）结冰；冻住；冻死；冷冻，冷藏人）结冰；冻住；冻死；冷冻，冷藏; (因恐惧等而因恐惧等而)（使某人）呆住（使某人）呆住 pfreeze (a river) (over) （使）（河流等）冰封了（使）（河流等）冰封了pfreeze up（物品）被冻住了；（人）（突然）呆住（物品）被冻住了；（人）（突然）呆住pfreeze/be frozen to death 差点冻死差点冻死 pfreeze/be frozen with horror/terrior/fear/fright/ sh
45、ock 被吓、惊呆了被吓、惊呆了pfreeze/be frozen stiff/sold 被冻僵被冻僵/被冻的硬邦邦被冻的硬邦邦 p(make) sb.s blood freeze （使）某人血液凝固（使）某人血液凝固pfrozen adj. （食物）冷冻的、冷藏的（食物）冷冻的、冷藏的 （人或身体部位）被冻僵的（人或身体部位）被冻僵的(extremely cold) （路面、江河）结冰的，冰封的（路面、江河）结冰的，冰封的 It is a well-known fact that water _ at 0. Its/Im _ (cold)/Im _(stiff)! Can you turn
46、on the heating? Two men_to death on the mountain peak.freezesfreezing frozen froze/were frozen The air temperature is well below _, and lakes and rivers _ (over/solid). The lake _ (over) until late spring. The ground _(solid) for most of the year. Our water pipes _(up) last winter. You can use fresh
47、 or _ fish. The pond _. Lets go skating. She stared a him, _ with shock.freezing have/are frozen is frozen is frozen froze frozen has / is frozen frozen 2) with daily temperatures averaging-10. 为为“with sb/sth doing”介词短语结构介词短语结构 作状语，起补作状语，起补充说明上文的作用充说明上文的作用, 也可以作时间、原因、伴随、方式也可以作时间、原因、伴随、方式等状语或定语等状语或定语
48、 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, (with) some _ (measure) over 90 metres. The northeast Tiger and Leopard national Park was set up in Jilin and Heilongjiang, with boundaries _(stretch) all the way to the border and _ (join) with Russias wildlife reserves.measuring stretching joi
49、ning 补充说明补充说明 定语，修饰前面的主语定语，修饰前面的主语 Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island _ wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. Compare: With so many problems _ (solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. With so many problems _ (
50、solve), the newly-elected president is having a good time.with with sth/sb doing 作定语作定语 to solve sovled with sth/sb to do/done 作原因状语作原因状语 3) average vt. 平均为、达、有平均为、达、有 The airport averages about a thousand flights a month. The water in the lake is not particularly deep, _ about 12 metres.averaging h
