1、单词精讲Unit 5Unit 51. _ electricity 发电2. _ exports 增加出口3. _ this problem 解决这个问题4. _ organic material 消化有机物质5. _ and rural communities 城乡社区generateboosttackledigesturban6. _ him to see a doctor 说服他去看医生7. _ enormous difficulties克服巨大的困难8. _ valuable information 获得有价值的信息9. various _of life 生活的各个方面10. retir
2、e to a life of _ 退休享受悠闲的生活leisureconvinceovercomeattainaspects1. crisisn. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒2. grain adj. 热切的；十分强烈的3. bomb n. 矿物；矿物质4. intensen. 危机；紧急关头5. mineraln. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸6. wheatn. 味道；特点；特色7. flavour n. 小麦8. organicadj. 本土的；家用的9. grocery adj. 有机的；有机物的10. domesticn. 食品杂货店11. celebrity n. 特征；品质12. alternati
3、ve n. 假定；设定13. assumption adj. 分布广的；普遍的14. widespread n. 名望；名誉15. characteristic n. 可供选择的事物1. 国内外_2. 缺少_3. 远非如此_4. 提高产量_5. 满怀憧憬_6. 富含；盛产_at home and abroadhave a shortage offar from the caseexpand the outputfull of visionbe rich in7. 包括；包含_8. 在内心深处_9. 例如；比如_10. 相应地；转而 _11. 在内心；本质上_12. 成功地做成某事_be com
4、prised ofdeep downfor instance/examplein turnat heartsucceed in doing sth13. 实现某人的梦想 _14. 避免对的损害 _15. 作为是出名的 _16. 把用于；献身 _17. 让免受的束缚 _18. 像一样；同一样_asasfulfill ones dreamavoid damage to(be) known asdevotetokeepfree of1.devote vt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于They devoted themselves to doing the scientific research jo
5、b.他们把自己献身于科学研究工作。Hes devoted most of his time to his painting.他把大部分时间都花在了作画上。2. shortage n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺 a shortage of 的短缺，缺乏 short adj. 短的; 矮的;缺乏的; 短缺的岛上缺少淡水。There is a shortage of fresh water on the island.3. tackle: vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 tackle the problem 处理这个问题 tackle sb. about sth. 与某人交涉某事The r
6、epairman is able to tackle any problems with his tools.There are various ways to tackle the problem. 4. boost: vt. 使增长; 使兴旺 n. 增长; 提高; 激励 boost sbs confidence/morale 增强某人的信心/士气The turtle uses a rocket to boost his speed.The government has taken action to boost the economy. 5. characteristic: n. 特征;
7、特点; 品质 adj. 典型的; 独特的 be characteristic of 具有的特征 character : n. 特性; 特点; 特色 (1) This plant has its own characteristic smell. (2) Honesty is the most important characteristic in a person. 6. convince: vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服I soon convinced him of my innocence.我很快便让他相信了我是清白的。We will try to convince her to sta
8、y.我们要尽力说服她留下来。1. Your argument is too weak to convince me.2. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.The doctor is convinced of the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.7. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到 attainment n. 达到，获得达到，获得 attainable adj.可达到的，可实现的可达到的，可实现的 Jim i
9、s halfway to attaining his pilots licence. After his graduation he returned and attained the degree of civil engineering.The old man attained great reverence from the young men.He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.8. assumption n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; 获得 assume v. 以为以为;假假设设; 获得获得; 承承担担 a
10、ssume that 以为以为 it is reasonable to assume that 认为认为是有道理的是有道理的 assuming that 假定假定 His actions were based on a false assumption. The assumption of too many new debts does harm to our companys resources. 常见结构常见结构 assume +名词名词，assume sb. to be .，assume + that从句从句e.g. Dont always assume the worst.We can
11、t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because theyve decided to remain silent.assuming conj.“假设假设为真，假如为真，假如”，引导从句，和引导从句，和supposing, providing, given that用法相同。用法相同。Assuming (that) hes still alive, how old would he be now? 9. intense adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的 be intense about 对对热心热心 eg. Hes very intens
12、e about volunteer work. intensely adv. 强烈地，激烈地强烈地，激烈地10. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜 over difficulties/bad habits 克服困难/改掉恶习 over the fear 克服恐惧 over obstacles 克服障碍 over the enemy 战胜敌人 We didnt give up and tried to overcome the difficulty. Molly had fought and overcome her fear of flying.We overcame many
13、unforeseen difficulties. 11. expand: v. 扩大; 增加; 扩展; 发展(业务)We have plans to expand into the U.S.market.我们有进入美国市场的计划。All the details are in the book,so I need not expand on it.所有的细节都在书上呢,我无须详述。【拓展】expand on / upon “详述，详细阐明”。如：Could you expand on / upon that point, please? expansion n. 扩大；扩展；扩充物。如：The
14、rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems. The novel is an expansion of a short story he wrote about forty years ago. 词条意思expand范围、体积的扩大、膨胀enlarge面积、体积的扩大extend长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长spread 物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸12. output n. 产量; 输出; 输出量 vt. 输出input n. 输入; 投入 v. 输入Output will increase by 1
15、0% next year. Computers can output data more quickly now.13. estimate: vt./n. 估计; 估价; 估算He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.It is not easy to estimate how many people will come.I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of money you will need.It is hard to estimate how m
16、any students will join in the activity.1. We estimated the students attending the activity at 1,000. 2. My father estimate the cost to be more than 2, 000 yuan. 3. It is estimated that they will stay here for three weeks. 估计估计的数量为的数量为 估计某事物达到估计某事物达到 据估计据估计14. consumption n. 消耗; 消耗量; 消费 consume v. 消耗
17、; 吃; 饮; 喝; 烧毁They drew up a plan to reduce fuel consumption. 15. be comprised of 包括,包含,由组成 1. The study group is comprised of six students. 2. The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public. 包括；包含；由组成(或构成) _be comprised ofThe United Kingdom _ England, Wales, Scotland, and Norther
18、n Ireland. is comprised of/consists of/is made up ofThe house comprises two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.Girl students comprise 60% of the class.be comprised of包括;包含;由组成(或构成)The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students. 16. generate vt. 产生; 引起 They need some experts to genera
19、te new ideas. generation n. 产生，一代 the younger/older generation 年轻/年老一代17. leisure: n . 闲暇; 休闲; 空闲at leisure: 闲散闲散; 悠闲悠闲; 不慌不忙不慌不忙; 从容从容at ones leisure: 有空时有空时; 空闲时空闲时; 方便方便时时The busy employee enjoys his leisure time on the weekends.18. celebrity: n. 名望; 名誉; 名人; 名流 celebrate: v. 庆祝庆祝; 庆贺庆贺; 歌颂歌颂 (1)
20、The young man worked so hard that he became a celebrity finally. (2) Although celebrity and possessions will bring you happiness, health is the most important one.19. vision n. 想象; 视力; 视野; 影像 have good/perfect/poor/normal vision 视视力好力好/极好极好/差差/正正常常1. The girl likes watch TV, but she has poor vision.
21、 2. Cats have good night vision. 3. The boy has a vision of (=has visions of) having a new football. 视力好视力好/差差 想象想象/设想某物设想某物20. in turn: 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流 During the summer holidays,the teachers were on duty by turns.When it is my turn,I realized why the process was moving so slow.21. digest vt./vi. 消
22、化; 领会; 领悟 n. 摘要; 文摘He has to avoid fat because his body cant digest it.I need some time to digest information.No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.22. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的It is essential that we (should) deal with the problem.我们很有必要处理这个问题。It is essential to k
23、now where the problem lies.有必要知道问题在哪里。1. Enough rest is essential to health. 2. It is essential to remember the usage of the words before using them in daily life. 3. It is essential that you (should) be back before 11. 对对来说必不可少来说必不可少做某事很重要做某事很重要/很有必要很有必要做某事很重要做某事很重要/很有必要很有必要23.alternative n.可供选择的事物
24、adj.可供替代的;非传统的除了做某事外别无选择；只好做某事_have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth24. instance n. 例子; 实例; 事例1. For instance, you can listen to some English songs for helping improve your listening ability. (=For example)2. In the first instance, call the police and then contact your insurance company. (
25、=In the first place)例如；比如例如；比如第一；首先第一；首先 1. _ adj. 实际的；真实的；实在的 _ n. 现实；实际情况；事实2. _ n. 营养；滋养 _ adj. 营养(物)的 _ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的realrealitynutritionnutritionalnutritious3. _ adj. 贫穷的；贫乏的 _ n. 贫穷；贫困4. _ adj. 全部的；完全的 _ adv. 全部地；完全地5. _ n. 传统；习惯 _ adj. 传统的；习惯的poorpovertyentireentirelyconventionconventional6. _ v. 消耗；耗费 _ n. 消耗；消耗量7. _ v. 延伸；给予 _ n. 扩建部分；扩大8. _ adj. 化学的 n. 化学品 _ n. 药剂师；化学家 _ n. 化学consumeconsumptionextendextensionchemicalchemistchemistry9. _ adj. 完全必要的 _ adv. 本质上；根本上10. _ adj. 深的 _ v. 变深；加深 _ n. 向下的距离depthessentialessentiallydeepdeepen
