1、UNIT 3语法精讲Entrepreneurial activities differ substantially depending on the type of organization and creativity. Entrepreneurial activities differ substantially depending on the type of organization and creativity.动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语Have you ever seen these signs?Have you ever seen these signs?the
2、 the ing ing formform动词-ing形式作主语1. Even though the sun is brightly shining, _ (tell) whether it is morning or night is impossible. (教材P26)2. _(get) here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. (教材P26)tellingGetting动词-ing形式作主语3. For hundreds of years, _ (look)
3、 after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. (教材P26)4. _ (be) in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.(教材P27)Beinglooking动词-ing形式作主语1. I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. (attribute)2. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whe
4、ther it is morning or night is impossible. (subject)3. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7:30 a.m. (adverbial)4. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. (adverbial)5. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen S
5、arek. (subject)6. For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. (subject)动词-ing形式作主语7. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. (adverbials)8. For exa
6、mple, this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my tent. (complement)9. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. (subject)10. Here I am, alone under this broad sky, bre
7、athing the fresh air, and enjoying this great adventure. (adverbials)动词-ing形式作主语表示经常性或习惯性的动作且常放句首形容词性物主代词+动词-ing名词所有格+动词-ing动词-ing作 主 语动词-ing的复合结构Its a waste time doing sthIts useless/no use/no good doing sthIts no fun doing sthit 作形式主语动词原形+-ing基本构成基本用法动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别动词-ing形式作主语1. 动词动词-ing形式作主语，表
8、示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数。 eg Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.2. 有时为了句子平衡，避免头重脚轻, 用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(动词-ing短语)后置。常见的固定句型有：动词-ing形式作主语It + be + a waste of time doing 做做是是浪费
9、时间的浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值得不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的There is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理2. 有时为了句子平衡，有时为了句子平衡，避免头重脚轻避免头重脚轻, 用用it作形式主语，而把作形式主语，而把真正的主语真正的主语(动词动词-ing短语短语)后置。常见的固后置。常见的固定句型有：定句型有：动词-ing形式作主语1 It is b
10、oth challenging and rewarding to study abroad. 2 It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold.Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding.Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold.3 Honestly, it c
11、an be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land.Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying.动词-ing形式作主语4 It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult.Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult.5 It
12、 is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.动词-ing形式作主语3. 动词-ing的复合结构作主语时，通常有两种形式：(1) 形容词性物主代词+动词-ing(2) 名词所有格+动词-ing
13、His being late again made his teacher very angry. 他再次迟到让老师很生气。Mikes returning to work is a great help to his family. 麦克回来工作对他全家来说都是一大帮助。动词-ing形式作主语4. 动词-ing与动词不定式作主语的区别： 动词-ing作主语，常常表示抽象的习惯性或经常性的动作。 而不定式一般表示一次性、具体性的行为。Delivering newspapers is his job. 送报纸是他的工作。To deliver newspapers is his job today.
14、 送报纸是他今天的工作。动词-ing形式作主语5. 在在“There be no +主语主语”结构中作主语。结构中作主语。1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 若要人不知，除非己莫为。若要人不知，除非己莫为。2)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。 There is_ about such matters.no joking动词-ing形式作主语动词动词-ing形式在句子中做形式在句子中做_语语( )。动词。动词-ing形式的被动形式的被动式式, 其构成为其构成为 “_”, being done主主subject动词-ing形式作主语_i
15、s a terrible experience.laugh at in public a terrible experienceBeing laughed at in public 动词-ing形式作主语_is a happy thing.lovea happy thingBeing loved by his mother 动词-ing形式作主语_is fun.take to aquarium funBeing taken to the aquarium 动词-ing形式作主语 1. _(bite) by snakes can be vital to people. 2. _ (see) di
16、fferent families having fun together in nature in spring is a common thing. 3. _(invite) to the evening party is a great honor for me. 4. _ (tell) that you would dance to the pop song, Little Apple, made me excited. Being bittenSeeingBeing invitedBeing toldTHANK YOU !Entrepreneurial activities differ substantially depending on the type of organization and creativity. l activities differ substantially depending on the type of organization and creativity.
