1、人教版(2019版)高中英语选择性必修第一册第一单元学案【词汇语法等】UNIT ONE1. crucialkrul: adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的key: adj. 关键的; 最重要的; 主要的important: adj. 重要的; 有重大影响的vitalvatl: adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的2. committedkmtd: adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的determined: adj. 坚定的; 坚决的; 有决心的3. commitkmt: v. 承诺; 保证(某个人/机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入committee kmt: n. 委员会promise pr
2、ms: v. 许诺; 保证; 答应devoteto 名/代/doing: 专心于; 献身于be devoted to 名词/doing: 致力于; 专心于commit to + 名词/代词: 承诺某事commit oneself to do.: 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)commit sb/oneself to something.: 承诺/保证什么commit sb/oneself to doing.: 承诺/保证做什么be committed to (doing) something.: 承诺/保证(做)什么4. academy kdmi: n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院
3、; 学会; 专科院校academic kdemk: adj. 学业的; 学术的The China Academy: 中国科学院university: n. (综合性)大学college: n. (英国)学院; (美国)大学; 高等专科学校school: n. 学院; 大学 (美国)institutensttjut: n.学院5. objectivebdektv: n. 目标; 目的adj. 客观的subjectivesbdektv：adj. 主观的object bdkt: n. 对象; 目标; 物体; 物品; 东西 bdekt: v. 反对; 不赞成purpose pps：n. 目的 targ
4、ettt: n. 目标; 靶子6. botanical btnkl: adj. 植物学的biologybald：n. 生物学; 生态学plant plnt：n. 植物; 幼苗7. evaluate vljuet: vt. 评价; 评估assess ses: v. 评价; 估算 8. propertyprpti: n. 性质; 特征; 财产proper prp: adj. 合适的; 恰当的belongings: n. 随身物品; 财物; 动产possessions pzenz: n. 个人财产; 私人物品9. distinctdstkt: adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的bedistinc
5、t/differentfrom.: .与不同clear: adj. 清楚的; 显然的; 明显的 different: adj. 不同的various vers: adj. 不同的; 各种各样的extinct kstkt: adj. 已灭绝的10. extract ekstrkt : n. 提取物; 摘录 kstrkt: vt. 提取; 提炼; 摘录; (用力)拔出extra ekstr：adj./adv. 额外的/地; 特别的/地; 外加的11. boilbl: vt./vi. (使)沸腾; 煮开; 烧开n. 沸腾; 沸点cookkk：v. 煮; 烹饪; 烹调n. 厨师; 炊事员cooker:
6、 n. 炊具; 厨灶; 炉具12. liquidlkwd: n. 液体 adj. 液体的; 液态的liquidlkwd: n. 液体 (普通用词、指水、牛奶、油等液态物体)fluidflud: n. 液体; 流体 (指流动的或具有流动性的物体,可以是液态的,也可以是气态的)solid sld: n. 固体 gas s: n. 气体; 毒气; 煤气; 汽油 = gasoline/petrol 13. obtain bten: vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在; 流行get (got;got/gotten)：v. 获得; 赚; 收到; 挣得win(won) wn：v.
7、赢得; 获得; 挣得; 取得 14. acknowledgeknld: vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢know: v. - knowledge nld：n. 知识; 学问; 知道; 知晓admitdmt：v. 承认; 招供; 准许进入 appreciate priet: v. 欣赏; 感激thankk：n./v. 谢谢; 感谢15. defeatdfit: n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜(常指在战争/比赛/竞争等中战胜对手)beat: v. 打败; 战胜 (常与 defeat 换用)beat/defeat sb/单位 at .: 在某方面打败某人/单位win (lose)
8、 the race/match/game/battle/war/contest/victory/ prize: 赢得/输掉比赛/战争/竞赛/胜利/奖励16. analyse/ analyzenlaz: v. 分析analysis(复数: analyses) nlss: n. 分析17. apparentlyprntli: adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然apparent : adj. 显而易见的; 明白易懂的; 表面上的clearly: adv. 清楚地; 明显地obviously: adv. 明显地; 显而易见parent pernt：n. 父亲; 母亲; 父母18. insistnsst
9、: vi./vt. 坚持; 坚决要求insist on/upon.: 坚决要求suggest, recommend, order,demand, request, require, ask, urge(强烈要求), insist(坚决要求)等接that宾语从句时,从句用 should do/be 结构,should可省。1)The soldiers insisted/insist that they (should) go to the battlefield at once.2)I insisted/insist that the students (should) be given mor
10、e homework.19. scientificsantfk: adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的science sans：n. 科学; 理科; 自然科学scientist santst：n. 科学家art t: n. 美术; 绘画; 艺术; 技巧; 文科20. mostly mstli: adv. 主要地; 一般地mainly: adv. 主要地; 大部分; 大多21. wear and tear: te(r)(正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗 Theseproductscanstandup to wearandtear.22. conclusion knklun: n. 结论; 推论con
11、cludeknklud: v. 推断; 断定; 结束draw/reach/come to a conclusion: 得出结论jump to a conclusion: 匆忙得出结论in conclusion: 总而言之23. fleefli (fled - fled): v. 迅速离开; 逃跑flee to: 逃跑到flee (from):从逃跑run away (from.): 逃跑; 逃离escape skep: v. 逃跑; 逃避escape from.: 从.逃跑24. circumstance skmstns: n.(复数)条件; 环境; 状况condition: n. 情况; 状
12、况; 条件in/under the circumstances: 在这种情况下;既然如此in/under no circumstances: 决不 (此短语在句首, 句子要倒装)Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.25. novelistnvlst: n. 小说家novel nvl: n. (长篇)小说adj. 新颖的; 与众不同的story：n. 故事; 小说; 新闻报道26. charttt: n. 图表v. 记录; 制订计划document dkjumnt: n. 文件; 公文; 文档v.
13、 记录; 记载record: v. 记录; 记载; 录制27. found fand: vt. 创建; 建立; 把建立在found - founded - foundedfind (found)fand：v. 找到; 发现; 感觉; 认为 establish stbl : v. 建立;创立The Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai on July 1,1921.28. infernf(r): vt. 推断; 推定【refer, infer, prefer, occur, stir, star 等要双写r后, 再加ed/ing; off
14、er, suffer不双写,直接加ed/ing】What can you infer from the passage/article/text?29. politician pltn: n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客political pltkl：adj. 政治的politics pltks：n. 政治30. numerous njumrs: adj. 众多的; 许多的numbernmb：n. 数字; 数目a number of (+ 复数名): 许多the number of (+ 复数名): 的数字31. theoryri: n. 理论; 学说putthetheoryintopracti
15、ce: 将理论付诸/用于实践in theory: 理论上; 按理说32. relativityreltvti: n. 相对论; 相对性The Theory of Relativity: 相对论The General Theory of Relativity: 广义相对论The Special Theory of Relativity: 狭义相对论33. geniusdinis: n. 天才; 天资; 天赋giftft：n. 礼物; 天赋giftedftd: adj. 有天赋的; 有才华的have a gift/ genius for: 对有天赋34. gentle dentl: adj. 温柔
16、的; 文静的 gently: adv. 温柔地; 温和地; 文静地 (terrible comfortable simple gentle 变为副词)35. patentptnt , petnt: n. 专利; 专利证书; 获得专利adj. 有专利的; 受专利保护的apply for/obtain/get a patent on/for an invention: 申请/获得发明专利权apply for/obtain/get a patent on/for .: 申请/获得.专利权36. passionpn: n. 酷爱; 激情feeling: n. 感情; 情感emotion: n. 情感;
17、 情绪have a passion for.: 热爱; 酷爱37. doctorate dktrt: n. 博士学位= doctors degree: 博士学位take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (ones) doctors degree (in.): 获得博士学位 take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (ones) doctorate (in.): 获得博士学位 38. graduallyrduli: adv. 逐渐地; 逐步地gradual: adj. 逐渐的; 逐步的; 不陡的39. extraordinary kstrdnri: adj
18、. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的ordinary dnri: adj. 普通的; 平常的; 一般的; 平凡的extra ekstr: adj. 额外的; 附加的adv. 额外; 另外; 特别40. come to power: (开始)掌权; 上台come to/into power: 上台; 执政be in power: 执政return to power: 重新执政41. institutensttjut: n. (教育、专业等)机构; 学院; 机构建筑Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 麻省理工学院California Institute o
19、f Technology : 加州理工学院42. consequenceknskwns: n. 结果; 后果in consequence of sth = as a result of sth：由于;因为; 作为的结果 (状)sequence sikwns : v. 按顺序排列n. 顺序;一系列result rzlt: n.后果; 结果due to: 由于; 因为(表、状)owing to : 由于; 因为(状)thanks to: 幸亏; 多亏;由于; 因为(状)because of what/名词：因为(状)because/since/as/for + 陈述句：由于; 因为43. take
20、 up a position: 担任; 任职44. moustache mst: n. 上唇的胡子; 髭zbeardbd：(下唇的)胡子; 络腮胡子have/wear/grow a beard/ moustache: 留有胡子45. peculiarity pkjulirti: n. 个性; 特点; 怪异的性质personality : n. 性格; 个性character : n. 特点; 特色; (汉)字; 品格characteristic ,krktrstk: n. 特点; 特征; 特色property : n. (正式)特性; 性质46. encounter nkant(r): vt.
21、 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂xi适; 遭遇come across.: 偶然遇到run across/into.: 偶然遇到meet with.: 偶然遇到; 会晤47. remarkable rmkbl: adj. 非凡的; 显著的remarkably: adv. 非常; 极为; 出乎意料地extraordinary kstrdnri: adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的48. device dvas: n. 方法; 技巧; 装置; 仪器a way of doing/to do sth: 做什么的方法a manner of doing sth: 做什么的方法an approach to
22、(doing) sth: (做) 什么的方法a method of/for (doing) sth: 做) 什么的方法49. sum sm: v. 总结; 概括n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和somesm/sm: 一些; 大约in sum: 总之; 总而言之a large sum of money/cash: 一大笔钱/现金50. sum up: 总结; 概括to sum up: 概括地说51. draftdrft: n. 草稿; 草案vt. 起草; 草拟draft a bill/contract/constitution: 起草法案/合同/宪法draft a plan: 草拟计划52. t
23、he Nobel Prizenbel praz: 诺贝尔奖The Nobel Prize for/in Physiology or Medicine:诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 win/receive the Nobel Peace Prize: 获得诺贝尔和平奖win/receive the Nobel Prize for/in Literature: 获得诺贝尔文学奖win/receive the Nobel Prize for/in.: (Physiology or Medicine)win/receive the Nobel Prize in.: (Physics/Chemistry/Eco
24、nomics)53. Switzerlandswtslnd: n. 瑞士(国家名)Swiss sws: adj. 瑞土的n. 瑞士人(复数: Swiss)54. Jewishdu: adj. 犹太人的; 犹太教的Jew du: n. 犹太人55. Princetonprnstn: 普林斯顿(美国城市)Princeton University: 普林斯顿大学56. make a discovery: 发现57. alone ln：adj/adv 单独; 独自; 孤独; 寂寞; 孤苦伶仃。仅仅; 只; 单 (放在名词/代词后表强调)1)Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives
25、 a year in Africa alone.2) The suit alone costs 100 dollars.3)You alone will be praised by the teacher.58. show promise: 很有前途; 大有希望59. a collection of: 一批/群/组.60. work: v. 工作; 劳动; 运转; 奏效;有效; 起作用; 产生效果1)The liquid to treat malaria didnt work either.2)Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,
26、 she found a substance that worked. 3)His suggestion/plan will work.4)The medicine he gave me isnt working.5)Mrs. Green advised her husband to stop smoking, but it didnt help/work.61. draw out: 萃取; 提取draw on.: 利用; 吸收62. on/upon doing.: 一.就.; 当.时on/upon ones arrival/return/death:某人一到达/回来/死亡;某人到达/回来/死
27、亡时1)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.”2)On his arrival, he found someone had taken away his TV set. 3)She became queen on his fathers death.63. make a contribution to 名词/doing: 为做贡献64. .road to (doing) sth: .的方法/途径/路子; 通向.的路1)This is a ro
28、ad to success.2)The road to happiness is easier than you think.3)Tu Youyous road to discovering artemisinin is more difficult than you think.65. .key to (doing) sth: .的关键/要诀1)The temperature is the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood.2)Transport is the key to developing economy.3)The key
29、 to success is preparation.66. .key to.: .的答案/钥匙/关键.answer to: 的答案a ticket to/for sth: 什么票a ticket for + 时间：什么时间的票a solution to.: .的解决办法/处理手段67. stand up to.: 能承受; 经受得住; 耐68. It hits/strikes/occurs to sb that: 某人突然想起.It hit/struck/occurred to sb that: 某人突然想起.1) It struck her that she ought to do som
30、ething for her parents.2)It struck them that the USA would not really care about what was happening to the local people.3)It strikes me that his daughter lives at the town.69. on the tip of ones tongue: 话在嘴边上(却一时想不起来);就在某人的嘴边(但记不起来了); 某人差一点就能想起了70. put it/this/that: 说/表达.71. (be) under construction：
31、在建设中(be) under control/discussion/study/research/examination/ repair/consideration/development/treatment: 在控制中/讨论中/研究中/审查(检查)中/修理中/考虑中/发展中/治疗中72. get it: 明白; 理解; 猜中73. role model: n.楷模; 行为榜样74. the (college) entrance exam: (大学)入学考试75. be in power: 执政come to/into power: 上台; 执政in office: 执政; 在位76.(sta
32、nd) on end: 竖着; 直立着The snake will make your hair stand on end.77. mistake. for.: 把.错认成.; 把.误认为是.be mistaken for.: 被误认为是.; 被错认成.78. put forward: 提出79. open up a new world to sb: 为.打开一个新世界80. drive sb to do.: 迫使某人做什么make sb do .: 迫使某人做什么be made to do.: 某人被迫做什么force sb to do.: 迫使某人做什么81. bear/keep in m
33、ind: 记住82. 本单元语法：非限制性定语从句限制性和非限制性定语从句： 前者与主句关系密切, 无从句, 句意不完整。后者与主句关系不是很密切, 从句和主句间常有一逗号。非限制性定语从句的连接词不能是that。非限制性定语从句的连接词通常不能省去。先行词 (人)， who/whom (宾语)先行词 (人)， who (主语)先行词(物/句子)， which (主语，宾语)先行词(时间)， when (状语)先行词(地方)， where (状语)先行词(人/物)， whose (定语)先行词，介词 + whom(人)/ which (物)1)They tested hundreds of C
34、hinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.2)The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.3)We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.4)The building was designed by I. M. Fei, who was born in Guangzhou
35、, China. 5)He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science.6)The Science Museum, which we built last month, is one of Londons tourist attractions.7)Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours .8)I was asked to expla
36、in the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.9)We have sent up another man-made satellite, which is announced in todays newspaper.10)Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power.11)Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to st
37、udy malaria patients .12)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.13)There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.14)The house, whose wall was destroyed in the quake, has been repaired.15)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.16)Last week, two people came to look at the house, both of whom wanted to buy it .17)The factory makes 100 ships every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.18)China has a lot of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.8
