1、Period3DiscoveringUsefulStructures Unit5TheValueofMoneyUnit5TheValueofMoney1.Toreviewthemeaningsandfunctionsofsomemodalverbs;2.Tosummarizethemeaningsofthetwoformsofpastfuturetense;3.Toexpressmodalityandtalkaboutfutureeventsinthepast.LearningaimsListen to the song and complete the lyrics.IfI_livemyli
2、fewithoutyounearmeThedays_allbeemptyThenightswouldseemsolongWithyouIseeforeverohsoclearlyI_havebeeninlovebeforeButitneverfeltthisstrongOurdreamsareyoungAndwebothknowtheylltakeuswherewewanttogoHoldmenowTouchmenowIdontwanttolivewithoutyouNothingsgonnachangemyloveforyouYou_knowbynowhowmuchIloveyouOneth
3、ingyou_besureofI_neveraskformorethanyourloveNothingsgonnachangemyloveforyouYou_knowbynowhowmuchIloveyouTheworld_changemywholelifethroughButnothingsgonnachangemyloveforyouhad tomightought tocanought towouldwill mayLeading-inThey are called modal verbs. They are used to express ability, obligation, po
4、ssibility, intension, request, advice, etc. Grammarmodalverbs一、定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could,would,hadto,might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must,oughtto等的过去式皆与现在式同形。2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。3.在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。二、基本特征 :三、常见情态动词、其否定式
5、、其缩略形式 :情态动词否定式缩略形式cancouldmaymightshallshould情态动词否定式缩略形式willwouldmusthadbetteroughttocannot/cannotcantcouldnotcouldntmaynot/mightnotmightntshallnotshantshouldnot shouldntwillnotwouldnotmustnothadbetternotoughtnottowontwouldntmustntoughtnt/四、常见情态动词的用法；1.表示能力，常译为“会，能”。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。Hecanrid
6、eabikenow,buthecouldntafewweeksago.2.表示可能性。can多用于否定句和疑问句中，但也可用在肯定句中；could表示过去的可能，多用于间接引语中。ThatcantbeMaryshehasgonetoschool.ItoldthebossthatIcouldntfinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.一、can/could3.表示请求或允许，译为“可以”。表示此意时，用could语气更委婉。-Can/CouldIborrowyourbike?-Yes,youcan.【拓展】（1）表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中)
7、。Canhardworkchangeapersonthatmuch?（2）can亦可表示“有时会”。Youcanbeverynaughty.1.表示说话人的猜测，意为“或许；可能”。might表示的可能性比may小。Youdbettertakeanumbrella.Itmay/mightrain.2.用来提出问题，问可不可以。用might时语气更委婉。Might/Mayweuseyourtypewriterforalittlewhile?3.表示“可以”。作此用法时，might是may的过去式。Youmaycomeifyouwish.Theboyaskedhismotherifhemightg
8、otoplaybasketball.二、may/might1.表示习惯性动作。will指现在，would指过去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.2.表示请求、建议等。用would比用will委婉、客气。Will/Wouldyoupleasepassmethatbook?【拓展】表示意愿或意志。will表现在，would表过去。Iwillhelpyouifyouneedme.Hesaidhewouldhelpyouifyouneededhim.三、will/would四、shall/shouldsh
9、all1.用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Thisroomissodirty.Shallwecleanit?2.用于第二、三人称，表示法律等条文中的规定或说话人的决心，给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.should1.用于第一人称疑问句询问对方的意愿，但语气更委婉温和。ShouldIopenthewindow?2.表示劝告、建议、命令、责任或义务。Nomatterwhoyouare,youshouldobservethelaw.3.表示推测或可能性。Youshouldbehungryafter
10、thelongwalk.【拓展】should还可表示意外、惊讶等，意为“竟会，竟然会”。Itissurprisingthatheshouldhavemadesuchafoolishmistake.1.must表示义务、必要性、命令，意为“必须”。否定式mustnt表示“不准；禁止”。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.2.must表示推测，意为“想必；准是；一定”，只用于肯定句，否定句用cant。1)Aftersuchalongwalk,youmustbetired.2)Myhouseisnearabusystreet.Itcantbeveryquiet.【拓展】表示与说
11、话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩，可译为“一定要；偏偏；非得”。Ifyoumustknow,hernameisMary.五、must/cant六、haveto的用法haveto表示“不得不，必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化。否定式为donthaveto。1)Therearesomanymistakesinhisarticlethathehastorewriteit.2)Youdonthavetobuyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.【比较】must和haveto表示“不得不、必须”时，haveto与must意思上很接近。但must常表示说话人的主观看法；而haveto一般强调
12、客观需要。1)Imverytired.Imustsitdownandhavearest.2)Ihavetohurryupnow.Ihaveatraintocatch.七、oughtto的用法oughtto表示“应该；应当”，可以表示有责任或有义务而做某事。没有人称、数和时态的变化，否定式为oughtnotto。1)Theyoughttoapologize.2)Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed.3)Heoughtnttohavebeendrivingsofast.【比较】oughtto和shouldoughtto与should一般来说，两者可以互换，只是oughtto的
13、语气略强。另外，表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事，通常用oughtto；若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。1)Youareolderbrother.Yououghttotakecareofyourlittlesister.2)YoushouldnotwastetimeinwatchingTV.八、hadbetter的用法hadbetter，“最好”，缩写为“dbetter”，表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做某事，有义务做某事”之意，一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。Itshalfpasttwo.Ithinkwehadbettergohome.否定形式为h
14、adbetternot，疑问句中hadbetter的否定形式有两种：Hadnt+主语+better+V原形+.?Had+主语+betternot+V原形+?1)Youhadbetternottalkwithstrangers.2)Hadntyoubettergowiththem?3)Hadwebetternotgo?A:Whoisknockingatthedoor?B:It_beTom.Hesaidhewouldcomeatthistime.A:It_behim.Hehasgoneabroad.B:It_beJohn,butIamnotsure.A:Who_itbe?B:Gotit?ItisM
15、ary.mustcantmaycanReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithsuitablemodalverbsinthebox.情态动词表推测：情态动词+do推测现在或将来发生的动作或状态；情态动词+bedoing推测正在进行的动作或状态；情态动词+havedone推测过去发生的动作或状态。1)Timmusthaveacarnow.2)Hemustbedoinghisexercisesintheclassroom.3)Hemusthavefinishedthework,forheischattingwithhisclassmateshappily.五、情态动词
16、的特殊用法 对肯定、把握性很大情况的推测：mustbe/do(现在或将来)mustbedoing(说话时正在进行)musthavedone(已发生的或状态)对否定情况的推测：can/couldnotbe/do(现在或将来)can/couldnotbedoing(正在发生的动作)can/couldnothavedone(过去的动作或状态)对不太肯定、把握性不大情况的推测：may/might(not)be/do(现在或将来)may/might(not)bedoing(说话时正在发生动作)may/might(not)havedone(已发生的动作或状态)(1)could/mighthavedone本
17、来能够做的事却没做Hecouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.(2)should/oughttohavedone本来应该做而实际上未做IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.(3)oughtnottohavedone/shouldnthavedone本来不应该做而实际上做了ImverysorryforthewordsIshouldnthavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.1.Withsomuchworkonhand,you_toseethegamelast
18、night.A.mustntgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldntgoD.shouldnthavegone2.-IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.-You_her.Sheisstillabroad.A.mustntseeB.canthaveseenC.mustnthaveseenD.couldntsee3.AuntMary_thetrain;otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow.A.musthavemissedB.shouldhavemissedC.hadmissedD.mightmiss【即学即练】Fillint
19、heblankswithsuitablemodalverbsinthebox.InthefilmThe Million Pound Bank Note,HenryAdamsisstuckinaforeigncountrywithoutmoneyandfriends,andwithnowheretostay.Whilethissituation_seemunusual,itcansometimeshappentotravellers.Incaseithappenstoyouonatripabroad,what_youdo?First,andmostimportantly,you_staycalm
20、.Fear_causeyoutobecomeconfused.Youneedtothinkclearly.Second,youshouldgotoyournearestconsulate.They_beabletohelptomay,must,can,oughtto,might,hadbetter,would,shouldmayshouldmustcanoughttomightsomeextent.Third,you_dowelltocheckwithsomelocalcharities.They_offerhelptotravellersinneed.Fourth,you_avoidgett
21、ingintotrouble.You_thinkthatstealingsomemoneyorfoodwouldhelpyou,butyoushouldnotdoso.Gettingcaught_ruinyourlife.wouldmightwouldhadbettermightWorkinpairs.DiscussthescenefromThe Million Pound Bank Note onpage52andshareyourunderstandingofthestory.Usemodalverbswhennecessary.A:IthinkitskindofRoderickandOl
22、ivertogiveHenrythemoney.B:ImafraidIdisagree.Theyshouldntbemakingabetonhim.A:ButHenrymightgetintotroubleiftheydidntofferhimthemoney.B:Well,iftheyreallywantedtohelpHenry,theycouldofferhimajob.A:Maybeyoureright.ButIguessthatwouldbeadifferentstory.Suggestedconversation:GrammarThepastfuturetense翻译下面含有过去将
23、来时的句子1Yes,Iwasabouttogogettheletter._2TheywouldleaveforParisthenextmorning._3Iwas going to helpMary with her Chinese that evening. _是的，我正要去拿信。第二天早上他们将动身去巴黎。那天晚上我正打算帮玛丽学中文。一、过去将来时的概念 表示从过去的时间看待将来要发生的动作或状态。即：过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，过去将来时必须有表示“过去”的参照物，这个参照物是一个发生在过去的动作，而不是时间。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 比较： 一般将来时:
24、表示从现在的时间看将要发生的动作或状态。1过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would动词原形”构成，否定式是在would后面加not。主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Shesaidthatshewouldntdothatagain.Theoldmanwouldgototheparkeverydaytohavemorningexercises.二、过去将来时的构成和用法2过去将来时的其他表达方法(1)was/weregoingto动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算；二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。S
25、hesaidshewasgoingtostartatonce.Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.(2)was/wereto动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。Shesaidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.(3)was/wereaboutto动词原形：表示在过去看即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.(4)was/were现在分词：表示在过去看即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词是come, go, leave, ar
26、rive, begin, start, stop, close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬间动词。Jacksaidhewasleavingtomorrow.三、过去将来时典型错误例析1.我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。误：Wedidntknowwhetherheisgoingtospeakatthemeeting.正：Wedidntknowwhetherhewasgoingtospeakatthemeeting.析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。2.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。误：Theteacherasked
27、Tomwhathewasgoingtobewhenhewouldgrowup.正：TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobewhenhegrewup.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。3.他们说如果下周日不下雨他们就去农场。误：TheysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifitwouldnotrainthenextSunday.正：TheysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifitdidntrainthenextSunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要
28、发生的动作。4.王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。误：WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatsheshouldbuysomebooks.正：WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatshewouldbuysomebooks.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。5.上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。误：LasttimeIsawyou，youhadstartedtogotoTibetbytrain.正：LasttimeIsawyou，youwer
29、egoingtostarttogotoTibetbytrain.析：表示过去的打算，用过去将来时。.Completethesentences.1我刚要离开这时我听到有人敲门。I_whenIheardsomeoneknockedatthedoor.2那天晚上，为了一个重要会议我要飞往上海。_Shanghaithatnightforanimportantmeeting.wasabouttoleaveIwasflyingto3那时，她会坐在门口看着人来人往。_，seeingthepeoplebackandforth.4上个星期天，我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。LastSundaywe_theGr
30、eatWall,butitrained.Shewouldsitatthedooratthattimeweregoingtovisit【即学即练】.Translate1Lily曾说她要到中国来。(wouldcome)_2有人告诉我他准备回家。(wasgoingto)_3他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。(wasdoing)_4她告诉我她要来看我。(wascoming)_5第二天，他们能完成工作吗？(weregoingto)_LilysaidthatshewouldcometoChina.Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.Hesaidthetrainwasleav
31、ingatsixthenextmorning.Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.Weretheygoingtofinishtheworkthenextday?情态动词情态动词表特别语气情态动词表推测情态动词+havedonecan/could1.能，会2.请求，许可3.怎么会，怎么能（否定、疑问或感叹句）用于否定句中表示“不可能”、在问句中表示“可能”否定句：“不可能做了”肯定句：本来能够做而未做“must1.义务、责任、强制命令2.否定回答neednt/dont have to 3.偏要，硬要4.mustnt表禁止用于肯定句中表示“一定、肯定”肯定句；“一定做了”ma
32、y/might 1.表请求2.may表许可3.may表祝福/愿望用于否定句或肯定句中，表示“也许”可能（没有）做过 Summary情态动词表特别语气情态动词表推测情态动词+havedoneshall1,一、三人称问句中表征求意见2.二、三人称陈述句表允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁。should/oughtto1.责任、义务（应该，应当）2.should表惊讶、赞叹或不满表示“理应、应当”。肯定句：本该做而未做否定句：本不该做而做了will/would1.意志、意愿2.征求意见，提出请求3.某种倾向或习惯性动作need/dareneed需要；dare敢于neednthavedone本不必做而做了过
33、去将来时1.“would+动词原形”表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。2.“was/weregoingtodo”表示预言、意图或打算。3.“was/wereabouttodo”表示即将发生的动作。意为“刚要，正要做”4.start,come,go,leave,see,meet等用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻就要发生的动作。5.“was/weretodo”表示过去“曾计划做某事”；“was/weretohavedone”表示“本来计划做某事，动作没有实现”。TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish.1.电话响了但是没人接，他一定不在家。The
34、phoneisringing,_.2.我找不到我的外套了，我可能昨天落在店了。Icantfindmycoat._.3.真遗憾。你本应该邀请她来参加你的生日派对的。Itsapity._.4.办公室不能抽烟。_.5.他一定要去吗？不，不需要。_.butnobodyanswers.HecantbeathomeImighthaveleftinthestoreyesterdayYoushouldhaveinvitedhertoyourbirthdaypartyYoumustntsmokeintheoffice.-Musthegothere?-No,heneednt.Exercise6.他们问我是否很快要去广州。TheyaskedmeifIwouldgotoGuangzhousoon.7.他情绪低落的时候，就拉小提琴。Hewouldplaytheviolinwhenhewasinlowspirits.8.布朗夫人刚要开始说话，但是珍妮先说话了。Mrs.Brownwasabouttospeak,butJennyspokefirst.9.警察让他赶紧走，但他不要。Thepoliceaskedhimtoleaveimmediately,buthewouldnt.10.他不知道他以后会出名。Hedidntknowhewastobecomefamouslateron.
