1、Unit4 Space Exploration Reading and WritingPresent an argument about space exploration Is Exploring Space a Waste of Time and Money?探索太空是浪费时间和钱吗？ Read the argumentative essay about spaceexploration on page 44. Then answer the questions below.1. Why are some people against space exploration?2. What h
2、as space exploration done for food production?Because they think it is a waste of time and money, and that we should feed the worlds poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead.Satellites study land and weather patterns. These studies help farme
3、rs grow more crops and warn them about natural disasters before they occur.3. What did the pictures of Earth from space make people realise?4. How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays? Then answer the questions below.They made people realise that our planets resources
4、 are limited.Advanced technology developed for space exploration has promoted technological improvements that benefits us all by allowing products to be made to a higher standard. Study the organisation and language festures.1. Read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about spac
5、e exploration. Study the organisation and language festures.2. Find the three topic sentenses that summerise the writers arguments about space exploration. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted techn
6、ological improvements that benefit us all. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the worlds problems and even to find ways to solve them. Study the organisation and language festures.3. Underline the sentence that repeats the writers opinion in the last paragraph.Mi
7、nd mapDifferent Opinions We should stop exploring space. Other opinion: _.Exploring space can help usDifferent benefits It can _. It promotes _. It helps people _the worlds problem.fight against world hunger technological improments think about ConclusionExploring space should _.be continued Is expl
8、oring space Is exploring space a waste?a waste?例1. 我们向全球发射无线电波。We directed radio waves _.例2. 我们地球表面的70%是水。70% of our _ is water.around the globe 全球；世界各地；整个世界【同】around the worldglobe n. 地球；地球仪；球体 v. 使成球形，成球状Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space
9、missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. 1句意：世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。around the globeglobes surface例1：绝对不要和艺术家争论。Never _ an artist.例2：不要当着孩子的面为钱争吵。Try not to _ money in front of the kids. 例3. 一些评论家认为毕加索毕生都是一位大师。Some critics _ Picasso remained a great master a
10、ll his life.argue vt. & vi. 争论；争辩；论证argue with 和争吵 argue about 因为争论argue that.主张，认为 Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 2句意：一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。argue aboutargue withargue thatresult in 导致；造成result from 由于，因为as a result 因此as a result of.作为的结果It has dire
11、ctly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. 3句意：如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。例1：50%的公路交通事故致使头部受伤。Fifty percent of road accidents _head injuries.例2：很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。Many hair problems _ what you eat.例3：他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。He made one big mistake, and, _, lost his job. result fromresult inas a res
12、ultresource n. 资源；财力；物力 pl.resourcesresourceful adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planets resources are limited. 4例：_ 人的资源 _ 水资源 一个国家最重要的资源是其人才库。 A countrys principal _ is its brainpower. 好家伙！我的孩子们多机智啊。 Oh boy! what _ children
13、I have. human resourcewater resourceresourceresourcefullimited adj. 有限的 【反】unlimited adj. 无限制的；无界限的limit n. 限制；限度；界线 vt. 限制；限定Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planets resources are limited. 5例1. 请把信函限制到125字或更少的字数内。 Please _ letters to 125 words o
14、r less.例2. 遗憾的是，我的时间有限。Unfortunately, my time is _. 例3. 凭本车票在七日内可自由乘车不受限制。The ticket gives you _ travel for seven days.limitlimitedunlimited Write an argumentative essay about space exploration议论文是通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点和主张的文体。正反观点类议论文是其中的一种，通常提出某观点或某话题，并对此话题产生的两种对立观点进行正反两方面的论证，最后给出自己的看法。 Write an argum
15、entative essay about space exploration观点类作文 就“探索太空”话题分析评论一般现在时第一、第三人称首段：引入话题，点明观点中段：支持和反对观点的理由尾段：表达个人的观点体裁话题时态人称文章架构核心要点开门见山点明话题介绍两种相反观点及其理由阐述自己的观点Useful Expressionsbe in favor of 赞成，支持 be opposed to 反对result in 导致as far as I am concerned 在我看来take.into consideration 把考虑在内 some people argue that. 一些人
16、主张Different people have different views on.Every coin has two sides.Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.Taking all factors into consideration, we may come to the conclusion that. Use what you have learnt to write about your opinion about space exploration.1. Are these arguments
17、 for or against exploring space? A. There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on Earth. So why are we going into space to explore?B. It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resourses on Earth will run out.Against Use what you have learnt to write about your opinion about space exp
18、loration.D. Exploring space encourages scientists to improve technology that can help people in other ways, too.Now, add your own ideas and write your essay.C. I cannot understand spending all this money on experience research and experiments when so many people need food.Against2. Exchange drafts w
19、ith a partner. Use the checklist to give feedback on your partners draft.Does the introduction state the topic?Does the introduction express different opinions about the topic?Does the body give arguments with suitable supporting information?Does the closing express the writers opinion and end prope
20、rly?Are there any grammar, spelling, or puntuation errors?3. Get your draft back and revise it.Sample WritingEveryone gets excited by the news of the most recent space flights, and I too share in peoples sense of awe and wonder at the photos from space that we see. Having said that, it is hard to be
21、lieve that the high cost of space flight is justified so that we can get some lovely pictures. We should be spending our money more wisely, on what people need.I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments when so many people need food. Around the world, millions
22、of people are hungry and dying of starvation. On the other hand, we hear on TV that for as Space Exploration is a Waste of Time and Money little as a dollar a day, a child in Africa can be saved. Considering the billions spent on space travel, it just seems a better investment to feed the hungry.Som
23、e people argue that someday we will have to go live in space because the world will be made impossible to live inthrough pollution. This seems silly. When your house gets dirty, you spend the time and money to clean it up. You dont move house simply because you need to wash your windows or vacuum th
24、e floor. In the same way, it makes more sense to use our time and money to take care of our planet, rather than look for a new home.Finally, there are a lot of unsolved mysteries on the earth. So why are we going into space to explore? There are still many things to discover in the ocean depths and
25、the Antarctic. But we do not even have to go that far: Science has yet to unlock all the mysteries of the atom, and there are many realms of technology that we are just beginning to understand and explore.In the end, it just does not seem a very wise investment to go to space. We have too many needs
26、 here on the earth to be wasting our effort on space exploration.Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. PresentationI trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, an astronaut needs to b
27、e healthy and calm in order to work in space. 目的目的First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 目的Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. PresentationSome scientists were determined to he
28、lp humans realise their dream to explore space.做后置定语，修饰dreamOn 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 做后置定语，修饰the first person不定式作定语、状语不定式作定语、状语Infinitives(1)不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词动词原形原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语【非谓语动词的一种】。知识点1：不定式（to do）在句子里可充当_和_成分。后置定语状语只
29、能用动词不定式做定语的情况We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。The matter to be discussedto be discussed is important.将要被讨论的事情很重要。动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。1.不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。用不定式作定语的几种情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况1. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在
30、奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。2. You are the only person to be late.3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.名词前有the first, the last, the next, the only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。But Justin ha
31、s the ability and desire to do more demanding work. 但是Justin有能力和愿望去做要求更高的工作。Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗？即学即练 单句语法填空1. The airport _ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. Do you have something _ (do) tonight?3. The best way _ (improve) your English is to join an Eng
32、lish club. to be completedto doto improve（二）不定式作目的状语1. A group of young people gathered together to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。 2. In order to help him, would do everything we can. 为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。1.1.目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与in orderin order或或s
33、o asso as组成短语。组成短语。 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。例：I said that to encourage him.（二）不定式作目的状语1. I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。2. 2. 目的状语：置于句首时只用目的状语：置于句首时只用to do/in order to do.to do/in order to do.如用于如用于表示否定，表示否定，in orderin order或或so asso as不能省略，用不能省略，用in ord
34、er not to doin order not to do或或so as not to doso as not to do形式。形式。（二）不定式作目的状语He worked very hard to pass the exam.=He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam. 他非常努力以便能通过考试他非常努力以便能通过考试3. 3. 不定式作目的状语可转换为不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order thatso that/in order that引导的引导的目的状语从句目的状语从句（二）不定式作原
35、因状语和结果状语3. 结果状语：结果状语：多见于“too.to（太.以不能）”；“enough to.”；“only to do”“so/such.as to（如此.以至于）句型中。 1. He rushed back, only to find the book missing. 2. He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。他到上学的年龄了。 3. She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。她太骄傲了，看不起别人。2.原因状语：多用于原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+
36、to do”句型中。句型中。 She was disappointed to hear the news.她听到新闻很失望。她听到新闻很失望。 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didnt fit.她急切地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。His father passed away, leaving him a litt
37、le money. 他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。 PracticeRewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. Examples:1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in spa
38、ce.PracticeIn space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space._.M
39、ankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day4. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy. Practice_.Astronauts bones and muscle
40、s can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy_._.5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have t
41、o move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under controlAstronants have to use tape to stick everythingdown while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from flo
42、ating offComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _ (use) current technology, it would take over
43、two years _ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing_ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists to achieveusingto getknownComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.fig
44、ure out a way _ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys t
45、hrough space.to storeto help3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.Production1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。_, you need a special pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.To draw maps correctly to enjoythe first one to cometo find the others had gone home
