1、Confucius knfjus: n. 孔子孔子 Temple of Confucius: Kong Family Mansion: Cemetery of Confucius: Confucius Institute: Confucius was a great thinker, educator，politician and philosopher. 孔庙孔庙孔府孔府孔林孔林孔子学院孔子学院mansion mnn: n. 公馆公馆;宅第宅第cemetery semtri: n. 墓地墓地;公墓公墓 tomb tum: n. 坟墓坟墓 grave: n. 坟墓坟墓 cemeteryphil
2、osophy flsfi: n. 哲学哲学philosopher flsf(r): 哲学家哲学家descendant dsendnt: n. 后裔后裔;后代后代;1)Confucius has over 3 million descendants. 2)As one of Confucius descendants, Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree. individual ndvdul: n. 个人个人 adj. 单独的单独的;个别的个别的 person: n. 人人 people: n. 人人; 民族民族 collective a
3、dj. 集体的集体的heel hil: n. 足跟足跟; (脚脚/袜子袜子/鞋等的鞋等的)后跟后跟 Achilles kili:z heel: (喻喻)(希腊神话希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟阿喀琉斯的脚跟; 致命的弱点致命的弱点1)English is his Achilles heel. 2)Lucys Achilles heel is that she cannot believe in others. 3)She will buy shoes with a low/high heel.chief tif: adj. 最重要的最重要的;最高级别的最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的公司或机构的)首领
4、首领;酋长酋长(复数复数: chiefs) main/major: adj.主要的主要的 important: adj. 重要的重要的 importance: n. 重要重要; 重要性重要性 the chief problem/reason: 主要问题主要问题/原因原因(理由理由)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country? 1. Confucius is a great 2. Confucius puzzle pzl: n. 谜谜;智力游戏智力游戏;疑问疑问
5、 v. 迷惑迷惑;使困惑使困惑 puzzling: adj. 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的/困惑的困惑的 puzzled: adj. (人感到人感到)困惑的困惑的;迷惑不解的迷惑不解的 a word puzzle: 字谜字谜 be puzzled about sth: 对某事迷惑不解对某事迷惑不解nearby nba: adv. 在附近在附近 adj. 附近的附近的;邻近的邻近的(常在名词前常在名词前)near: 在在.附近附近be near to.: 距距.近近be far from.: 距距.远远1)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales
6、was joined to the Kingdom of England. 2)Her mother lives in a nearby town. =Her mother lives in a town nearby.join . to.: 把把和和连接或联结起来连接或联结起来1)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 2)The island is joined to the mainland(大陆大陆) by a bridge. break away (f
7、rom sb/sth): 脱离脱离;背叛背叛;逃脱逃脱1)Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdomof Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2)It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends. 3)The thief tried to
8、 break away from the policeman, but he failed. 4)Some people in Taiwan want to break away from the Chinese mainland.belong bl: v. 应在应在(某处某处);适应适应 belong to.: 属于属于;是是的成员的成员 1)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 2)This truck belongs to Mrs. Smith. 3)We bel
9、ong to the Nature Club. as well as: 同同(一样也一样也); 和和; 还还1)They visited some factories, hospitals as well as the school. 2)As well as playing football with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. as well as, along with, together with等等连接的名词或代词作主语时连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与其谓语动词与其前面的名词或代词保持一致。它们的意思前面的名词
10、或代词保持一致。它们的意思是是: “和和”。1)The man, as well as his three children, is going out for hiking this weekend.2)The headmaster together/along with the teachers is discussing this big problem. as well, too, also, either: 也也 前三个用于肯定句前三个用于肯定句, either 用于否定句。用于否定句。1)I have been to the Great Wall as well2)I have b
11、een to the Great Wall (,) too3)I have also been to the Great Wall.4)I have not been to the Great Wall either.currency krnsi : n. 通货通货; 货币货币 money: n. 钱钱 cash: n. 现金现金 bill/note: n. 纸币纸币 coin: n. 硬币硬币military mltri : adj. 军事的军事的;军用的军用的 military training: 军训军训1)They had their military training last mo
12、nth.2)We may have to take military action.defence dfens : n. 防御防御;保卫保卫 defend dfend : v. 防御防御;保卫保卫 the Department of Defense: 国防部国防部1)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 2)The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attac
13、ks.3)The soldiers have been sent to defend the borders(边境边境). legal li:l: adj. 法律的法律的;合法的合法的 legally: adv. 法律上法律上;合法地合法地 illegal li:gl: adj. 不合法的不合法的;违法的违法的 illegally: adv. 不法地不法地 law: n. 法律法律 【in- im- un- dis- -less il-】1)For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have differen
14、t education systems and legal systems. 2)Everyone must earn money in the legal way. surround srand : v. 围绕围绕;包围包围 surrounding: adj. 周围的周围的;附近的附近的 surroundings: n.环境环境;周围的事物周围的事物 be surrounded with/by: 被被围绕围绕/包围包围1)The police have surrounded the office building. 2)The lake is surrounded with/by trees
15、. evidence evdns: u.n. 证据证据;证明证明evident adj. 明显的，显而易见的明显的，显而易见的1)Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 2)We have no evidence to support the case. achievement ti:vmnt: n. 成就成就;成绩成绩
16、;达到达到 achieve : v. 取得取得; 获得获得; 实现实现; 成功成功 1)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. 2)They are proud of their childrens achievements. 3)We must work hard to achieve our goals. location lken : n. 地方地方;地点地点;位置位置 destination: n. 目的地目的地 locate : v. 使位于使位于;确定准确地点确定准确地点 be loca
17、ted in/at/to: 位于位于;坐落在坐落在 conquer kk(r) : v. 占领占领;征服征服;控制控制I believe that we can conquer cancer in the near future. 25.battle btl : n. 战役战役;搏斗搏斗 v. 搏斗搏斗;奋斗奋斗 war: n. 战争战争 war - campain - battle - fightportimportexportfascinating fsnet : adj. 极有吸引力的极有吸引力的;迷人的迷人的1)The UK is a fascinating mix of histor
18、y and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. 3)Guilin is the most fascinating place that I have ever been to. charge t:d: v. 收费收费; 指控指控; 主管主管;充电充电 n. 主管主管; 收费收费;主管主管free of charge: get charged: charge the cellphone/battery: charge sb with: take charge of: be in charge of: be in the charge
19、 of: announce nans: v. 宣布宣布;通知通知;声称声称 announcement : n. 通告通告;宣告宣告It is announced that.据报道据报道 amount mant : n. 金额金额;数量数量 quantity: 数量数量 quality: 质量质量amount to 共计；等于；意味着共计；等于；意味着 大量大量 a large amount of + 不可数名词不可数名词 + 单动单动large amounts of + 不可数名词不可数名词 + 复动复动1)A large amount of water _(have) been pollut
20、ed.2)Large amounts of water _(have) been polluted.hashavegalleryapproach prt : n.方法方法;途径途径; 接近接近; 道路道路 v. ; ; 接洽接洽; ; ; ; 靠近靠近 an approach (doing) sth: (做做) 什么的方法什么的方法 a way of doing/to do sth: 做什么的方法做什么的方法 with the approach of. 随着随着.的临近的临近1)It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many
21、 people around. 2) We will adopt different approaches to (solving) the problems. 5)Winter is approaching.6)The bank has approached the problems in different ways. landscape lndskep:n. (陆上陆上/乡村的乡村的)风景风景 ：风景如画风景如画enjoy/ the .: 欣赏风景欣赏风景generous denrs n. generosity adj. 慷慨的慷慨的;大方的大方的;丰富的丰富的 be generous
22、with sth在某方面慷慨大方在某方面慷慨大方 be generous to sb对某人慷慨大方对某人慷慨大方 It is generous of sb. to do sth 某人做某事真是大方。某人做某事真是大方。The old couple are always generous to the poor people. position pzn: v. 安装安装;安置安置;使处于使处于 n. 位置位置; 职位职位; 姿态姿态;地方地方 in place/position: 在合适的地方在合适的地方 out of place/position: 在不合适的地方在不合适的地方eager i:
23、g: adj. 热切的；渴望的热切的；渴望的 eagerly: adv. 热切地热切地;渴望地渴望地 be eager to do.: 渴望做渴望做 be eager for sth: 渴求某物渴求某物They are Chinese famous _ in Tang Dynasty.poetspoet pt: n. 诗人诗人poem pm: n. 诗诗;诗歌诗歌(可数名词可数名词)poetry ptri: n.诗集诗集; 诗歌诗歌; 诗作诗作 (不可数名词不可数名词)feast fist : n. 盛宴盛宴;宴会宴会;节日节日(宗教节日宗教节日)1)That evening they hel
24、d a feast for their foreign friends. 2)Christmas is an important feast for some people in the west. 1)Some cattle are drinking at the pool. 2)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and catt
25、le. people, police等作主语等作主语, 动词也用动词也用复数复数。The police/people are searching the forest for the eight lost children. cattlecattle ktl : n. 牛牛(牛的总称牛的总称)(集合名词集合名词) cow: n. 母牛母牛; 奶牛奶牛 ox: 公牛公牛(已阉割已阉割) (复数复数: oxen) bull: 公牛公牛(未阉割未阉割) the Chicago Bulls: 芝加哥公牛队芝加哥公牛队 cattle: 集合名词集合名词,前面不能加前面不能加 a,词尾也不可词尾也不可 加
26、加s。常和常和many,these,those,the等连用。等连用。 用作主语时用作主语时,句子的谓语动词多用复数。句子的谓语动词多用复数。 roarroar r(r): v. / n. 吼叫吼叫;咆哮咆哮1)Dont roar at your parents. 2)A moment ago, we heard the roars of lions in the forest. pubcustom kstm : n. 风俗风俗;习俗习俗;习惯习惯 customs: n. 海关海关; 关税关税 customer : n. 顾客顾客;主顾主顾 habit: n. 习惯习惯(通常指个人的习惯通常指
27、个人的习惯) practice: n. ; 练习练习; 实践实践sensory sensri : adj. 感觉的感觉的;感官的感官的 sense: n. 感官感官(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)the sense of sight/ smell/hearing/touch/taste: 视觉视觉/嗅觉嗅觉/听觉听觉/触觉触觉/味觉味觉 sensory organs: 感觉器官感觉器官striking strak: adj. 引人注目的引人注目的;显著的显著的strike strak : 罢工罢工; 侵袭侵袭; 重创重创; 打打; 碰撞碰撞; 打动打动; 敲钟敲
28、钟; (钟钟)打点打点/报时报时 (strike - struck - struck/stricken)1)A striking image. 引人注目的形象引人注目的形象2)There is a striking difference betweenTom and Peter. crowdcrowd krad: v.挤满挤满;使拥挤使拥挤 n. 人群人群;一群人一群人;观众观众 ; 民众民众;群众群众 a crowd of/crowds of :一大群一大群; 很多很多 crowd in (on sb): (想法想法/问题等问题等) 涌上心头涌上心头;涌入涌入 crowd into sth: 大批涌入大批涌入. crowded : adj. 拥挤的拥挤的; 挤满的挤满的 be crowded with.: 挤满挤满
