1、Discovering Useful Structures -the past participlesUnit 4 History and TraditionsLook at different forms of verbs.Regular verbs.1. like-liked-likedRrregular verbs.2. go-went-gone ABC3. build-built-built ABB4. cost-cost-cost AAARegular and irregular verbs.do-did-doneverb-past tense-past participleLook
2、 at the sentences and underline the past participles. In pairs, discuss their functions. Then find more sentences with the -ed form in the text.1. Most people just use the shortened name: the United Kingdomor the UK.2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, .3. They had castles built all a
3、round England, .1&2 as the attribute3 as the object complementWhen the past participle is used as the object complement, it is often formed with the have/get/feel/find/. +object+-ed form.“及物动词宾语宾补”结构中，过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。1.用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状
4、态的动词后作宾语补足语。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。 The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard.He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.They h
5、ad castles built all around England. 3.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. The father wants his daughter taught Japanese.4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。With the work finished, he went out for a walk. The murderer was brought
6、in, with his hands tied behind his back. Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases. Then make sentences with the phrases.Past Participles as the Attribute(1) Past Participles as the Attribute (2)tired visito
7、rs visitors_ of the long wait/.a well-organised trip a trip_ well by my workplace/.beautifully dressed stars stars_beautifully at the event/.tiredorganiseddressed1. Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.2. When we f
8、inally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.3. We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Goghs Sunflowers.
9、 It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.Read the sentences and underline the-ed form as the object complement.1 Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look
10、 amazing2 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3 The familys ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War. 4 The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the l
11、ake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute, and then see whether you can write a little story with them.1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing2. Carl and his friends stayed with a
12、 generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The familys ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War. 4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.过去分词作定语的位置
13、1. 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。tired visitors疲惫的游客a well-organised trip组织有序的旅行beautifully dressed stars衣着华丽的明星The disease was caused by polluted water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。 2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait厌倦了漫长等待的游客a trip organised well by my workplace
14、我的工厂安排得很好的旅行stars dressed beautifully at the event在活动中打扮得很漂亮的明星过去分词作定语的时态和语态1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。1. I dont like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 2. It is a house built
15、by the Romans（= which was built by the Romans）. 3. The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）, has been solved. 4. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Jack）. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。fallen leaves boiled water the developed countries 注意：过
16、去分词和现在分词作定语的区别现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主动、进行”； 过去分词作定语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成，即表“被动、完成”。The workers building the houses work day and night.正在建房子的工人日夜工作。（workers和build是主动关系）The houses built last year are for the villagers .去年建成的房子是给村民的。（houses和build是被动关系）注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系；现在分词doing作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关系。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. I often heard the English song sung by young people at the party. It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. I had my car repaired last week.
