1、Unit 5LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLDWords and Expressions1. billion bljn : n.十亿十亿 hundred: 百百 thousand: 千千 million mljn : 一一百百万万 trillion: 万亿万亿; 兆兆 dozen: 打打; 十二十二 score: 二十二十 two billion people: 二十亿人二十亿人 billions of people: 数数十亿十亿人人2. native netv : n.本地人本地人 adj.出生地出生地的的;本本地地的的;土土著著的的1)How many million
2、people speak the UNs official languages as their native or second language? 2)She speaks not only her native language, German, but also English.3)Im a native of Bishan District.4)He speaks Chinese like a native.3. attitudettju:d titu:d: n.态态度度;看看法法1)What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreig
3、n language learning? 2)What is your attitude towards/to the plan? 4. reference refrns: n.指称关指称关系系;参考参考 Reference News: 参考消息参考消息1)These reference books are necessary to us.2)This article can be read for reference.5. refer rf:(r) : vi. 提到提到;参考参考;查阅查阅;查询查询;叫叫求助求助于于 refer to: 指的指的是是;描述描述;提到提到;查查阅阅1)Dont
4、 refer to this matter again, please. 2)Whos the man that you refer to?3)Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to use a word.6. system sstm: n.体体系系;制度制度;系统系统 sisiter: 姐姐; 妹妹Have you explored the Chinese writing system? 7. despite dspat : prep.即使即使; 尽管尽管 = regardless/despite of = in despite o
5、f = in spite of 1)Despite of that, both his parents supported him.2)Chinas economy remains strong in despite of Covid-19.8. ups and downs: 浮浮沉沉;兴衰兴衰;荣荣辱辱 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in it
6、s history. 9. factor fkt(r) : n.因因素素;要要素素There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.10. based beist : adj. 以以.为基础的为基础的; 以以为重要部分为重要部分/特征特征的的 be based on/upon:以以.为基为基础础/根据根据1)At the biginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l
7、anguage.2)The film is based on a novel by Mo Yan.11. base bes : n.底部底部;根据根据;基基础础 v.以以.为据为据点点/基基础础 base.on/upon.: The scientist based his ideas on scientific experiments.12. date/go back to .: 追溯到追溯到 = date from.1)This temple dates back to 1650.2)Most of the beds in this room date from the nineteenth
8、 century.13. bone bn: n.骨骨头头;骨骨(质质)14. shell el: n.壳壳;壳壳状状物物15. symbol smbl : n. 符符号号;象征象征1)In China, the dragon is a symbol of the nation.2)Whats the chemical symbol for iron?16. carve: v. 雕刻雕刻It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu-animal bones and shells on which symbols were ca
9、rved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in todays hanzi.17. dynasty dnsti dainsti : n. 王朝王朝;朝代朝代The Tang Dynasty made Changan its capital. 中国的朝代中国的朝代 (虞虞)夏夏商周，春秋战国秦，商周，春秋战国秦， 两两汉三国晋，晋后南北分，汉三国晋，晋后南北分， 隋隋唐五代宋，元明清及民唐五代宋，元明清及民。【虞虞朝朝 ( 约公元前约公元前36世纪世纪初初-约约公元前公元前21世纪初世
10、纪初 ), 持续了大约持续了大约1600年年,是传是传说中说中夏朝之夏朝之前的朝前的朝代。代。 虞朝是否存在虞朝是否存在, 还有争议。还有争议。】18. variety vrat : n. (植物植物/语言等的语言等的)变体变体;异体异体;多样化多样化 various vers： 不同的不同的; 各种各样的各种各样的 a variety of/ varieties of :各种多样各种多样 A. a variety of + 复数名词复数名词 + 复数动复数动词词 B. a variety of + 不可数名词不可数名词 + 单数动单数动词词 C. varieties of + 复数名词复数名
11、词 + 复数动词复数动词1) A variety of food is sold at the supermarket. 2) A variety of books have been sent to the school in the village. 3)Varieties of English dictionaries are being sold at this bookstore.19. dialect dalekt: n. 地方话地方话;方方言言She can fluently speak English and different dialects of Chinese.20.
12、character krkt(r): n. 文字文字;符号符号;角色角色;品质品质;特点特点1)Over the years,the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.2)He is a man of fine character.21. major med(r): adj. 主主要要的的;重重要要的的;大大的的 n.主修课主修课程
13、程;主主修学生修学生 v.主主修修;专专门研门研究究1)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 2)I major in physics and chemistry.3) Her major is history. 22. no matter where/who/what/when/how/ whose/which .: 不论不论;不管不管1)Even
14、 today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.2)No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.3)No matter how busy she is, she should do the work well.23. means mi:nz : n.方方式式;方法方法;途径途径 【means:单数复数同形单数复数同形】 by this means: 通通过这种方过这种
15、方式式;用用这种方这种方法法 by all means: 当然当然; 完全可以完全可以 by no means: 决决不不1)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connect with its past. 2)The American used all means to find out our secrets.24. classic klsk: n. 经典作品经典作品;名名著著 adj.传统传统的的;最最优秀优秀的的;典典型的型的 1)People in modern t
16、imes can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 2)A Tale of Two Cities is my favorite English classic.25. regard rg:d: n. 尊尊重重;关关注注 v. 把把.视为视为;看看待待 regard.as.: 认认为为.是是.1)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese character
17、s as an art form.2)It is funny that some people regard their pets as children. 3)She is regarded as the best physics teacher in the senior high school.26. calligraphy klrfi : n./u. 书法书法;书法艺术书法艺术 handwriting: n./u. 书法书法; 笔迹笔迹The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the developmen
18、t of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 27. global glbl: adj. 全球的全球的;全世界的全世界的 globe: n. 地球仪地球仪; ;地球地球; ;世界世界28 . affair fe(r): n. 公共事务公共事务复数复数;事件事件;关系关系 have an affair with.: 与与私通私通/有暧昧关系有暧昧关系 The Department of Fore
19、ign Affairs: 外交部外交部Your brother has forgotten the whole affair.29. appreciate pri:iet: v. 欣赏欣赏;重视重视; 感激感激;领会领会;增值增值 appreciate doing.: 喜欢喜欢/感激做感激做.1)As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history
20、through this amazing language.2)I much appreciate your help. 3)We shall appreciate hearing from you again.30. specific spsfk : adj. 特定的特定的;明确的明确的;具体的具体的 special: 特殊的特殊的; 特别的特别的Scanning(浏览浏览) is looking at the text quickly to find specific information, such as dates or numbers.31. CE/AD: 公元公元 BC/BCE:
21、 公元前公元前It is believed that Chinses calligraphy dates back to the Han Dynasty (202BCE-220CE).32. struggle strgl : n.斗斗争争;奋斗奋斗;努力努力;难难事事 v.斗斗争争;奋斗奋斗;搏斗搏斗;努力努力 struggle for.: 为为.而努力而努力/拼搏拼搏/奋斗奋斗 struggle to do.: 努力做努力做. make an/no effort to do.: (没没)努力做努力做.1)When I started studying German, it was a str
22、uggle.2)The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.33. tongue t : n.舌舌头头;语言语言(正式正式/文学文学) mother/native tongue: 母语母语 mother/native language: 母语母语1)The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. 2)French is her native tongue.3)All the people speak the
23、 same tongue.34. point of view: 观观点点;看法看法 from ones point of view: 依某人的依某人的观点观点/看看法法 in ones view: 依依某人某人的的观点观点/看看法法 in ones opinion：据某人看据某人看来来; 根根据某人的看据某人的看法法1)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.2)You
24、may have to accept their point of view in the future.3)From my point of view, this book is worth reading carefully. 35. semester smest(r) : n. 学学期期(US) term: 学期学期(UK) the spring/fall semester: 春季春季/秋季秋季学期学期 the spring/summer/autumn(fall) term: 春春季季/夏季夏季/秋秋季学季学期期She got good grades last term/semester
25、.36. gas s : n.汽汽油油;气体气体; 燃气燃气 a gas/petrol station: 加油站加油站 fill up the (gas) tank: 加满油箱加满油箱37. petrol(UK) /gas(US) petrl: n. 汽汽油油 fill up . with petrol:加满油加满油箱箱 fill up the car: 加油加油 subway/undergroundsubway/underground38. subway(US)/ underground(UK) sbwe : n.地铁地铁1)We have to go home by subway.2)I
26、happened to meet an old friend on the subway.3)She always goes to work by underground.39. apartment(US)/flat(UK) p:tmnt : n. 公寓公寓;套房套房 They refused to rent the apartment to an unmarried couple.40. pants pnts : n. 内裤内裤;短裤短裤(UK) ; 长长裤裤(US) trousers: 长裤长裤(US)I really need to buy some pants.41. beg beg
27、: v. 恳恳求求;祈求祈求;哀求哀求 beggar: 叫花子叫花子; 乞丐乞丐 beg to do.: beg sb. to do.: I beg your pardon. 我请求你的原我请求你的原谅谅/宽恕。宽恕。 请请再说一再说一遍。遍。42. equal i:kwl: n.同等的同等的人人;相相等等物物 adj. 相同相同的的;同同样的样的 v. 等于等于;和和相相等等;比比得得上上1)Women demand equal pay for equal work.2)We are all equals at the school.3)Nobody can equal him in mat
28、hs.4)Three and five equals eight.43. gap gp: n.间隔间隔;开口开口;差距差距 a gap year: 间隔年间隔年(常指中学毕业常指中学毕业后上大后上大 学学前前所休的所休的一年假一年假期期, 用用于实习或旅游于实习或旅游)1)If Im talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window” - our relationship is close and were equals, so I only need a few words to bridge
29、 the gap between us. 缩小差距缩小差距2)They met again in Chongqing after a gap of 30 years.44. demand dm:nd : n. 要求要求;需求需求 v. 强烈要求强烈要求;需要需要 ;查问查问 meet/satisfy/fill/cover ones need/demand: 满足需要满足需要 demand(.) + that 句子句子(should 结构结构) demand/ask to do.: request/require/ask sb. to do.: 1)I demand that John (sho
30、uld) get off work at once. 2)She demanded that he (should)be taken to the police station. desire, suggest, propose, recommend, order/instruct/ command, demand, request, require, ask, urge(强强烈烈 要求要求), insist(坚决要求坚决要求)等接等接that宾语从句时宾语从句时,从句从句 用用 should do/be 结构结构, should可省可省。But if Im talking to someon
31、e who isnt very close to me, I must make my request longer-and I must make it a question, not a demand , e.g., “Could you open the window, please? ”45. vocabulary vkbjlr : n.词词汇汇 have a large/limited vocabulary: 词词汇量大汇量大/有有限限For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem - there are just SO MANY new words
32、! 46. description dskrpn : n. 描写描写(文字文字);形容形容 describe: v.描描写写;形容形容Does the writer give a clear description of the problem? 47. relate rlet : v.联联系系;讲讲述述 1)She will relate her childhood in the article.2)We found it difficult to relate the two cases.48. relate to.: 与与相相关关;涉及涉及;谈到谈到1)Does each sentenc
33、e relate to the main idea?2)The report relates to the situation in the USA.49. Korean k rin : n. 朝鲜朝鲜/韩国语韩国语; 朝鲜朝鲜/韩国人韩国人 adj. 朝鲜朝鲜/韩国的韩国的50. Danish den: n. 丹丹麦麦语语;丹丹麦人麦人 adj. 丹丹麦麦的的 丹麦丹麦本本土由日德兰半岛和菲英岛、西土由日德兰半岛和菲英岛、西兰岛、博恩霍尔姆岛等兰岛、博恩霍尔姆岛等406个大小岛屿个大小岛屿组组成成,面面积为积为43096平方公里平方公里。此外还有。此外还有自自1953年起正式成为其领土的年起
34、正式成为其领土的格陵兰格陵兰岛岛(面面积积217.5万平方公万平方公里里)和和享有自治权的享有自治权的法罗群法罗群岛岛(面面积为积为1399平方公平方公里里,由由21个个岛屿组岛屿组成成)。海岸线长海岸线长7314公里。公里。51. Denmark denm:k :丹丹麦麦(国家国家名名)52. Arabic rbk: n. 阿阿拉伯语拉伯语 adj.阿阿拉伯语拉伯语的的;阿阿拉伯文学拉伯文学的的 主主要要通用于通用于中东和北非地区中东和北非地区,现为现为27个亚个亚非国家及非国家及4个国际组织的官方语言。以阿拉个国际组织的官方语言。以阿拉伯语作为母语的人数超过伯语作为母语的人数超过二亿一千万
35、二亿一千万人人(阿拉阿拉伯人有伯人有4亿亿5千万千万)。 联联合合国的工作语音国的工作语音(working language): Chinese English French Russian Arabic Spanish53. FIFA fi:f: (源自法语源自法语)国际足国际足联联; 国国际足球联合际足球联合会会国际足球联合国际足球联合会会(Fdration Internationale de Football Association, FIFA,简简称国际足称国际足联联),由由比利时、法国、丹麦、瑞典、荷兰、瑞士比利时、法国、丹麦、瑞典、荷兰、瑞士和西班和西班牙牙(皇皇家马德里代表西班家马德里代表西班牙牙,西西班牙皇班牙皇家足球协会到家足球协会到1913年才成年才成立立)倡议倡议,于于1904年年5月月21日在法国巴黎成日在法国巴黎成立立,现现有会员有会员211个个,是是国国际单项体育联合会总会成员。其总部于际单项体育联合会总会成员。其总部于1932年由法国巴黎移至年由法国巴黎移至瑞士苏黎世瑞士苏黎世。工作用语为。工作用语为英、法、西班牙和德英、法、西班牙和德语语,如如有语言冲突有语言冲突时时,以以英英语为准。语为准。 Thats all. Thank you!
