1、 u n i t 401020304Listeng and SpeakingReading and ThinkingUseful StructuresReading for Writing01PART ONEListening and Speakingflood n. 洪水，大量洪水，大量 搭配. flood v. 淹没，大量涌入，使灌满水淹没，大量涌入，使灌满水搭配例句 Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. 1.flood n. 洪水，大量洪水，大量 v. 淹没，大量涌入，使灌满水淹没，大量涌入，使灌满水words搭配 例句
2、At midnight we finally rescued the tourists who were trapped in the valley.午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。 2. rescuen& vt.营救；救援营救；救援words3.1 damagen损坏；损失损坏；损失搭配 例句 The accident caused some damage to my car, but its nothing serious.这次事故对我的车造成了一定的损坏，但并不严重这次事故对我的车造成了一定的损坏，但并不严重。 3.damagevt.损害
3、；破坏损害；破坏n损坏；损失损坏；损失words3.2 damagevt.损害；破坏损害；破坏搭配 例句 The camera was damaged by his son, so he had to have it repaired. 3.damagevt.损害；破坏损害；破坏n损坏；损失损坏；损失words搭配 辨析 destroy，指彻底破坏，无法或很难修复 damage,指部分性损坏，可以修复 ruin,指严重毁坏，常表抽象含义同根词 destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 words搭配 例句The traffic jam not only affects our daily li
4、fe but also the environment.交通堵塞不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且影响环境。交通堵塞不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且影响环境。Affected with high fever, he continued with his work.尽管发高烧，他仍继续工作尽管发高烧，他仍继续工作。5.affectvt.影响；影响；(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动words同根词 affection n. 喜爱，感情，影响，感染 effect n. 作用；影响5.affectvt.影响；影响；(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动words6.1 sheltern避难处；居所；庇
5、护避难处；居所；庇护搭配 例句The rescue teams helped set up shelters for homeless women and children.救援队帮助无家可归的妇女和儿童建立了庇护所。救援队帮助无家可归的妇女和儿童建立了庇护所。 6.sheltern避难处；居所；庇护避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险风雨或危险)words6.2 sheltervt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险风雨或危险)搭配 例句We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避
6、免被晒到我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。 6.sheltern避难处；居所；庇护避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险风雨或危险)words02PART TWOReading and ThinkingIt seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临！看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临！ as if 似乎；好像；彷佛 例句 It seems as if our team is going to win the game.看来我们队要赢得这场比赛了。看来我们队要赢得这场比赛了。He talks as
7、if he knew everything about it.他说话的样子好像他什么都知道似的他说话的样子好像他什么都知道似的。 sentences He talks to them as if they were children.He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. He opened his mouth as if he would say something. sentencesIt seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临！看起来仿佛世界末日
8、即将来临！ as if 似乎；好像；彷佛 sentences搭配 7.words8.1 ruin vt.破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏例句Heavy smoking ruins your health, so you should give up smoking.8.ruin n& vt.破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏words8.1 ruin n破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏搭配 ruin 表示废墟时，常常用复数例句A large number of schools fell into ruin after the war.战后许多学校都成了废墟战后许多学校都成了废墟。8.ruin n& vt.破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏wor
9、ds搭配 the number of .的数量，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数 a number of 大量的，修饰不止一个，谓语动词用复数 9. the number of .的数量的数量words10. 1 shockn震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 搭配 例句It was a great shock to hear that the factory would have to close.听到工厂要关闭的消息，大家都很震惊听到工厂要关闭的消息，大家都很震惊。 10. shockn震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使使)震惊震惊words10. 2
10、shock vt.(使使)震惊震惊 搭配 例句The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students safety at school. 10. shockn震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使使)震惊震惊words同根词 shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的震惊的；惊讶的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的令人震惊的 例句The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very much shocked a
11、t it. 10. shockn震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使使)震惊震惊words11.1 trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套使落入险境；使陷入圈套 搭配 例句There was a power failure, and they were trapped in the lift.停电了，他们被困在电梯里停电了，他们被困在电梯里。11.2 trapn险境；陷阱险境；陷阱 搭配 11.trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n险境；陷阱险境；陷阱words 搭配 例句She buried her face in hands and wept
12、when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 12.words 搭配 be lost in devote oneself to=be devoted to(prep.) concentrate on be absorbed in focus on 例句With the exam drawing near, we have been burying ourselves in study in the past three weeks. 12.words搭配 例句 You can often save a person
13、s life by breathing into his mouse.13. breathe v. 呼吸呼吸words搭配 例句 She was out of breath from climbing the stairs .13. breathe v. 呼吸呼吸words搭配 14.effortn努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力words例句 If I have such a good chance, I will spare no effort to finish the task.如果我有这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务如果我有这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项
14、任务。同根词：effortless adj. 不费力气的，应付自如的 14.effortn努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力words搭配 同根词：suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 sufferer n. 受难者 15.suffervt.遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦受苦words03PART THREEUseful Structures搭配 例句Without warning,the audience erupted into laughter.同根词： eruption n. 爆发，突发16.erupt v. （火山）爆发；（岩浆
15、、烟等）喷出（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出words17.1 supply n. 供应，补给供应，补给 搭配 例句In hard times food was in short supply. 17.supply n. 供应，补给供应，补给 v.供应，补给供应，补给words17.2 supply v.供应，补给供应，补给搭配 17.supply n. 供应，补给供应，补给 v.供应，补给供应，补给words搭配 例句After the earthquake,most people survived,but the suffered a lot.同根词： 18.words定语从句定语从句定义
16、定义 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后。于被修饰词之后。The man who lives next to us is a police officer.住在我们隔壁的那位男士是一位警官。住在我们隔壁的那位男士是一位警官。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen for years.这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影
17、。一、关系代词引导的定语从句作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作定语作定语指人 who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物 which/thatwhich/that/省略1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语作主语)Danny was the man who we rescued
18、from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。(作宾语作宾语)2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，或用作从句中介词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，或用作从句中介词的宾语，介词可位于的宾语，介词可位于whom之前，也可以位于句末。之前，也可以位于句末。Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语作宾语)There are many people with whom you can share your feelings.你可以与许多人分
19、享自己的感受。你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。(作宾语作宾语)3whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属所属”关系，关系，whose在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。在从句的句首。I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个在地震中房子被毁坏了的人。我认识那个在地震中房子被毁坏了的人。(修饰人修饰人)He lives in a house whose garden is attractive.他住在一个有
20、着美丽花园的房子里。他住在一个有着美丽花园的房子里。(修饰物修饰物)4which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语作
21、宾语)This is the house in which I once lived.这是我曾经住过的房子。这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词作介词in的宾语的宾语)5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who、whom，指物多用，指物多用which。This is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterd
22、ay is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语指物，作宾语)The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher.我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(that指人，作宾语指人，作宾语)注意事项注意事项关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。The young man was very happy to recover the gold ring(which) he had lost.那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常
23、高兴。那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。Is this the ship which is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow?这是明天开往上海的船吗这是明天开往上海的船吗？一、关系词只用一、关系词只用that而不用而不用which的情况的情况1当先行词为当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、much等不等不定代词时。定代词时。Nothing that has been learnt is ever completely forgotten.任何学过的东西绝不会全部忘记。任何学过的东西绝不会全部忘记。All that can b
24、e done has been done.所有能做的都做了所有能做的都做了。2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in Beijing was the Forbidden City.在北京他们参观的第一个地方是故宫。在北京他们参观的第一个地方是故宫。This is the best way that is used to solve the problem.这是用来解决这个问题的最好的办法这是用来解决这个问题的最好的办法。3当先行词被当先行
25、词被all、every、no、any、the only、the very、the last等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。Please send us any information that you have about the subject.请把你所知道的有关这个主题的任何信息发给我们请把你所知道的有关这个主题的任何信息发给我们。4当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。She took photos of the pe
26、rsons and things that she was interested in.她把她所感兴趣的人和物拍摄下来了她把她所感兴趣的人和物拍摄下来了。5. 以以who或或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？6.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Its a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助这是一本对你很有帮助的书
27、。的书。7.主句是主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用，而不用which。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那桌子上那本书是汤姆的。本书是汤姆的。二、关系词只用二、关系词只用which而不用而不用that的情况的情况1.先行词为先行词为that， those时，用时，用which，而不用，而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用关系代词前
28、有介词时，一般用which，而不用，而不用that。This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。这是他居住的房间。3.引导非限制性定语从句，用引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用，而不用that。Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。我们很高兴。04PART FOURReading for writing搭配 例句s is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量众所周知，知识就是力量。 19.powern能力；力量；权
29、力能力；力量；权力words搭配 例句She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency.20.words21.1 搭配 例句I wonder if you can help me to calm the little boy down.我想知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来我想知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。21.words21.2 搭配 例句He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm.他深深地吸了一口气，竭尽全力保持镇定。他深深地吸了一口气，竭尽全力保持镇定。21.words
30、22.1 aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资援助；帮助；救援物资 搭配 例句With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。22. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资援助；帮助；救援物资 v. 帮助，援助帮助，援助 words22.2 aid v. 帮助，援助帮助，援助搭配 例句The United Nations provided economic aid to people in the earthquakehit are
31、a.联合国向地震灾区人民提供了经济援助。联合国向地震灾区人民提供了经济援助。22. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资援助；帮助；救援物资 v. 帮助，援助帮助，援助 words 23.words搭配例句The car crashed into a bus on the bridge, and the car driver was killed on the spot.小轿车在桥上与一辆公共汽车相撞，小轿车司机当场死亡小轿车在桥上与一辆公共汽车相撞，小轿车司机当场死亡。24.words搭配 25.sweep v. 打扫，清扫打扫，清扫words26.1 搭配 例句The policeman w
32、aved to the driver to stop.警察挥手示意司机停车警察挥手示意司机停车。 26.words26.2 搭配 例句Seeing her friend coming out of the station, she gave her a wave excitedly.看到她的朋友走出车站，她兴奋地朝她挥手。看到她的朋友走出车站，她兴奋地朝她挥手。 26.words27.1 搭配 strike for 为.而罢工例句I was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the Three Gorges.我被三峡的自然美景深深打动了我被三峡的自然
33、美景深深打动了。27.2 搭配 be/go on strike for 在.开始罢工27.wordsI was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. “be doing sth. when.” 意为“正在做某事，这时(突然)” The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.He was answering a call when there was a knock on the door. sentence
34、s搭配 deliver sth. (to sb.)递送/传送某物(给某人 deliver a speech 发表演讲/致辞 deliver a baby 接生 deliver sb. from danger 使某人脱险 be delivered to 被送到.例句The nurse delivered the twins safely last night.昨天晚上那名护士安全地接生了一对孪生儿昨天晚上那名护士安全地接生了一对孪生儿。 28.words搭配 例句The host will make a summary about this activity.同根词： summarize vt.
35、概述，总结 29.words搭配 30.effectn影响；结果；效果影响；结果；效果words例句 It remains to be seen whether the medicine has side effects.这种这种药是否有副作用还有待观察。药是否有副作用还有待观察。It is said that the new railway timetable will come into effect next month.据说新的铁路时刻表将于下个月生效据说新的铁路时刻表将于下个月生效。同根词：effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 30.effectn影响；结果；效果影响；结果；效果words
