1、科目：英语 讲次：4 年级:必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters 主题知识集萃 &核心词汇1. rescue n./ v. 援救，营救；营救行动l come/go to ones rescue 来/去营救某人l rescue workers 救援人员 the rescue team 救援队l rescuefrom 把从营救出来2. damage n. 损坏；损失; 损害赔偿金（常用复数）/ vt. 损害；破坏l do/cause damage to 对造成损害【例如】Throwing the rubbish everywhere will do/cause serious d
2、amage to our environment.l be badly/seriously/slightly damaged 遭受严重/轻微损害【例如】My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt. 3. destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭 destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 destructive adj. 毁灭性的；引起破坏的l be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁l destroy ones life/faith/hope/confidence
3、 毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心4. affect affection n. 喜爱；钟爱affecting adj. 动人的，感人的(1) vt. 影响 【例如】My teacher affected me a lot when I was young.(2) vt. 深深打动；使悲伤/怜悯等【例如】Many people were affected by the death of Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice.(3)（疾病）侵袭；使感染【例如】COVID-19 affected many people around the world i
4、n 2020. 5. shelter n. 避难所；庇护；居所 / vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）l under the shelter of 在的庇护下take shelter from 躲避l shelterfrom 保护免收shelter from 躲避【例如】Trees shelter the house from the wind.6. ruin v. 破坏；毁坏 / n. 破坏；损坏【常见用法】ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪go to ruin/fall into ruin 衰
5、落；衰败【例如】This mistake ruined his chances of getting the offer.【词义辨析】ruin, damage, destroyl ruin 严重地损坏，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。【例如】The illness has ruined my life. l damage 指部分性破坏、损坏，一般还可以修复 【例如】You have damaged my bike; youd better get it repaired. l destroy 彻底的破坏、损坏，一般不能或很难再修复例：【例如】The bomb completely destroyed
6、 that building.7. shock shocked adj.惊愕的,震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的(1) n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克in shock震惊,吃惊(2) vt. (使)震惊 It shocks sb. to see/hear.看到/听到使某人震惊。【例如】It shocked them to hear that he had gone abroad.8. trap vt. 使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；使中计/ n. 陷阱；圈套【常见用法】be trapped in 困在中trap sb into (doing) sth. 诱使某人（做）某事lay
7、/set a trap for sb. 给某人设下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套9. bury (1) vt. 埋葬，安葬，覆盖，遮盖，掩盖【常见用法】buryin 把埋到里bury ones face in ones hands 以手掩面(2) vt. 使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等）【常见用法】be buried in = bury oneself in 专心致志于例：Youll have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the exam.10. breathe v. 呼吸 breath n.呼
8、吸的空气;一次吸人的空气【常见用法】 breathe in/out 吸气/呼气11. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力l make an effort to do sth. 尽力做某事It takes effort to do sth.花费精力去做某事l spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事put effort into (doing) sth.努力做某事l with / without effort费力地/毫不费力地 12. suffer sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者，患病者suffering n. 苦难，痛苦；让人痛苦的事（常用复数）l
9、vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨，常与from连用【常见用法】 suffer from a bad cold/the loss of memory/a headache/toothachel vt. 遭受，蒙受 后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience【常见用法】 suffer pain/hardship/a defeat/a loss/punishment13. supply n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品. / vt. 供应;供给【常见用法】supply sb./sth. with sth.supply sth. to sb./sth. 为某人/某物提供某物【词语辨析】s
10、upply/ provide / offerl supply尤指大量供应、供给supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb.l provide强调提供所需之物provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.l offer强调主动提供offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.14. survive vi. 生存；存活 / vt. 幸存；艰难度过 survival n. 幸存，生存survivor n. 幸存者，生还者【搭】survive on sth.依靠生活survive sb. by +时间比某
11、人多活 survive the accident 在事故中幸存【例】She survived her husband by ten years.丈夫去世后她又活了十年。15. strike vi. & vt. (struck , struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打 / n.罢工;罢课;袭击【搭】be struck with/by被打动strike. into ones heart使刻骨铭心It strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起be on strike在罢工(状态）go on strike举行罢工(动作)16. power n. 能量;力量/vt. 给提
12、供动力powerful adj.强大的/权力大的powerless adj. 无权力/力量【搭】in power 掌握权利 in ones power 在某人的控制下 come to/into power 掌权；上台17. emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况18. aid n. / v. 援助；帮助；救援物资【搭】in aid of 为了（帮助） with the aid of 在的帮助下19. sweep v.打扫；清扫 【搭】sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 sweep up 打扫；清扫20. deliver v.递送；传达；发表【搭】deliver to 把交给 delive
13、r a speech 发表演讲21. length n. 长；长度long adj. 长的lengthen v. 使变长l wide adj. 长的width n. 宽度widen v. 加宽 l high adj. 高的height n. heighten v. 加高l deep adj. 深的depth n. 深度deepen v. 加深 l strong adj. 强壮的strength n.力量 strengthen v. 加强22. dead adj. 死的；去世的die v. 死death n. 死；死亡23. electric adj. 电的；电动的electricity n.
14、电；电能24. revive v. 复活；使苏醒revival n. 振兴；复苏25. wise adj. 明智的wisdom n. 智慧；才智&重点短语1. on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 2. sweep away 消灭，彻底消除3. calm down (使)平静下来 4. as if 似乎；好像5. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 6. in shock 震惊；吃惊7. in the open air 露天；在户外 8. first aid kit 急救箱9. volcanic eruption 火山喷发&语法精讲定语从句（1）定义：n. / pron. + 句子（2）构成：
15、先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句指代先行词在从句中充当句子成分连接主句和从句【例如】I like music that I can dance to.先行词 关系词 句子定语从句（3）定语从句分类：_定语从句和_定语从句（4）关系词的分类:关系代词:that, which, who, whom , whose, as关系副词: when, where, why关系代词：分类指人指物在定语从句中成分who1.This is the best film_ I have ever seen for years.2.The girl_ spoke is my best friend.3.I have
16、many friends to _ I will send postcards.4. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea.5.We found such materials_are used in their factory.6.He spent his Sunday afternoon in the library _ was built of stone.主语，宾语（作宾语可省略）whom宾语（可省略）whose定语that主语，宾语（作宾语可省略）which主语，宾语（作宾语可省略）as主语，宾语（作宾语可省略）（5）用which
17、不用that的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 【例如】The library provides all kinds of books, which makes our life colorful. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时【例如】I am looking for a box in which I can put all these books. （6）定语从句中的主谓一致 一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词的单复数保持一致。【例如】The books that were sold out in two weeks were all w
18、ritten by Tom. one of the +名词复数+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式，而在the only/very/right one of the +名词复数+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。【例如】He is one of the students who were awarded the prize. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears evening dress.牛刀小试用适当的关系代词填空1. How medicine works in
19、 a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully.2. He was the only one of the boys _ was late for class.3. Please go through the text and underline the words _ meanings you dont know.4. Do you know everybody _ came to the party?No. I dont know the one _ you had a long talk with.5. I have seen most of the greatest buildings in the world _ are famous on the Internet.6. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.7. The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about are really well-known.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
