1、1.Historical Background WW ( Word War One一战) Economic depression and workers movement. (经济萧条和工人运动) Irish nationalist movement （民族解放运动） WW （二战）2.Cultural Background New Theories and Ideas (新的思想和理论) Darwins Evolutionary Theory(达尔文的进化论) Einsteins Theory of Relativity(爱因斯坦的相对论) Freuds Analytical Psychol
2、ogy(弗洛伊德的分析心理学) Karl Marks and Friedrich Engels Theory of Scientific Socialism (马克思和恩格斯的科学社会主义理论) Arthur SchopenhauersPessimism(亚瑟 叔本华的悲观主义) Friedrich Nietzsches Doctrines of Power and Superman (尼采的基督教精神及强权主义) Henry Bergsons Irrational Philosophy(伯格森的非理性主义哲学)Realism in the 20th Century English Liter
3、ature(20世纪英国现实主义文学世纪英国现实主义文学) 二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚时期那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社会的保守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻的直面人生的特点。Modernism(现代主义现代主义) A reaction against realism Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernistlitrrature are the distorted,alienate
4、d and ill relationships between man and nature ,man and society ,man and man,man and himself The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective .Some terms Symbolism 象征主义 Expressionism表现主义 Surrealism超现实主义 Futurism未来主义 Dadaism达达主义 Ima
5、gism意象主义 Stream of consciousness意识流 Existentialism存在文学 Theatre of absurd荒诞派戏剧 Black humor黑色幽默English Novel of Early 20th Century The Realists: The English realists at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th continued and developed the traditions of the brilliant school of critical realism.
6、 They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.In their works criticism of the bourgeois world reaches considerable depth and poigancy.The notable names among theminclude Butler,Meredith and wells. Rudyard Kipling(鲁德亚德鲁德亚德 吉卜林吉卜林)1865-1936major works:Departmental Ditties and Othe
7、r Verses分类的歌曲Seven Seas七海 The Five Nations五国The Jungle Book 森林之书 Just So Stories如此故事Plain Tales from the Hills山中的故事Soldiers three三个士兵Lifes Handicaps生命的阻力Many Invebtions许多发明The Light That Failed消失的光芒Captain Courageous勇敢的船长 Kim吉姆Arnold Bennett(阿诺德阿诺德 本涅特本涅特)1867-1931 Major works: Anna of the Five Town
8、五镇的安娜 Clayhanger克莱汉格 Hilda Lessways希尔达 莱斯韦斯 These Twain老两口 The Old WivesTale老妇谭Joseph Conrad(约瑟夫康拉德约瑟夫康拉德)1857-1924Sea novels:The Nigger of the Narcissus白水仙号上的黑家伙Typhoon and Other Stories台风集Youth and Two Other Stories青春集Jungle Novels:Lord Jim吉姆爷Heart of Darkness黑暗的心灵Political Novels:Nostromo诺斯特罗莫The
9、 Secret Agent特务Under Western Eyes在西方的注视下Henry James亨利亨利 詹姆斯詹姆斯1843-1916 美国人The American (1877） 欧洲人The Europeans (1878) 金碗The Golden Bowl (1904） 鸽翼The Wings of the Dove (1902) 悲惨的缪斯The Tragic Muse (1890) 华盛顿广场Washington Square (1880) 黛西米勒Daisy Miller (1878)(中篇小说) 使节(或译:奉使记)The Ambassadors (1903) 一位女士
10、的画像The Portrait of a Lady (1881) 丛林猛兽The Beast in the Jungle (1903)(中篇小说)Katharine Mansfield凯瑟琳凯瑟琳 曼斯菲尔德曼斯菲尔德1888-1923 Major Works: Prelude前奏 Bliss and Other Stories幸福集 The Garden Party and Other Stories 园会集 The Doves Nest and Other Stories 鸽巢集 Something Childish and Other Stories 幼稚集 The Daughters
11、of the Late Colonel已故中校的女儿Thomas Hardy 托马斯托马斯 哈代哈代1840-1928 the last and one of the greatest Victorian novelists and poets one of the representatives of English critical realism and the turn of the 19th centuryHis Major works1)Romances and FantasiesApair of Blue Eyes一双蓝蓝的眼睛The Trumpet Major号兵长2）Nove
12、ls of IngenuityDesperate Remedies非常手段3）Novels of character and environmentFar From the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣The Return of the Native 还乡Tess of the DUrbervills德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德PoemsWessex Poems韦塞克斯诗集Epic DramaThe Dynasts统治者三部曲John Galsworthy约翰 高尔斯华绥1867-1933 English novelist and playwright Gals
13、worthy became known for his portrayal of the British upper middle c class and for his social satire. 1932 win Nobel Laureate in Literature for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga. His Major works Novels: The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家 1.The Man of Property有产业的人 2.In Chancery骑虎 3.To Let出租 A Modern Comedy现代喜剧 1.The White Monkey白猿 2.The Silver Spoon钥匙 3.Swan Song天鹅之歌 Thats All Thank You by 七组
