1、2022届高三英语一轮复习2019版新外研社高中英语选择性必修一Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger语言知识复习学案词汇学案简介：本材料为2022届高三英语一轮复习2019版新外研社高中英语选择性必修一Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger语言知识复习学案词汇学案；分三个部分：基础词汇变形；基础短语；重点单词讲解（词汇变形巩固/高频短语/例句翻译/语法填空练习题）基础词汇变形1 shiny adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的；_adj.照耀，发光2 association n.协会，社团；_v.（使）联合；_adj.联合的，关联的3 muddy adj.沾满泥
2、的，泥泞的；_n.污泥，泥浆4 sharpen v.使提高，使改进；_adj. 锋利的5 expectation n.预料，预期；_v.期待，期盼，期望6 remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的；_n.话语，评论，注意；v.简短地讲述，注意，注目7 assign v.分配，分派；_n.任务8 cooperation n.合作，协作；_v.合作，协作答案：shine/associate associated/mud/expect/remark/assignment/cooperate基础短语：1 _与大不相同2 _倒塌，向下垮3 _仿效某人；继承某人（尤指家人）的事业4 _继续5 _超出
3、某人的预期6 _连续地7 _滑旱冰8 _突然出现在（指突然成功）9 _取得成功答案：a far cry from/give way /follow in ones footsteps/carry on/beyond ones expectations/in a row/roller skating/burst onto /pay off 重点单词详解：association用法详解(1)n. C协会，社团The support of our members is of great importance to the association. _(2)n. C,U联合,合伙,交往常见搭配in a
4、ssociation with 与.合伙/联合We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless._(3)n. C联想,联系I The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me._B归纳拓展相关词语积累:(1) associate vt.联想,联系vi. 交往,(尤指)混在一-起;n. C伙伴,同事adj. (常用于头衔)非正式的，准的，副的as
5、sociate.with. .把.联系/联想在一起associate with sb. 与某人交往(尤指混在一起)英汉翻译练习：He is closely associated in the public mind with comedy._I feel honoured to have the chance to live，work and associate with them._Mr Lin is the associate director of the Institute. _(2) associated adj.有联系的;相关的,有关联的be associated with. .有
6、联系英汉翻译练习：Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer._It is reported that there are many heath problems associated with unhealthy lifestyle. _语法填空1. (2020，遵义航天高级中学月考)I, representing our universitys student_( associate), went to the Beijing Capital Internati
7、onal Airport to meet this years international students.2.(2019.黑龙江鹤岗一中期中)Nuts are high in a mineral_( associate )with high-quality sleep.3. The book was published in_( associate) with the Peoples EducationPress.4. (2020湖北孝感联考) The Chinese traditionally wear something red on New Years Day, as the col
8、or is associated_happiness.5. When talking about China, people often associate it_the Yellow River.答案 1. association2. associated 3. association4. with 5. withsharpen 用法详解 vt. &vi. (使)提高改善;(使)变得锋利，变得清晰;v.使尖锐，使明朗常见搭配sharpen up(使)提高，改善英汉翻译练习：I hope this course will help me sharpen my computer sills._H
9、e needs to sharpen up before the match._This knife needs sharpening. _There is a need to sharpen the focus of the discussion._归纳拓展(1) 相关词语积累:sharp adj.锋利的;(角度、 变化等)急剧的;(差异)明显的;(言辞等)尖刻的，严厉的:(感官)敏锐的,(人)灵敏的a sharp drop/ increase in. .急剧下跌/增加a sharp bend急转弯be sharp with sb.对某人严厉，对某人说话尖刻a sharp tongue说话尖
10、刻sharp eyes目光敏锐sharply adw. 急剧地;严厉地sharpener n. C磨具，削具语境串记I sharpened the knife using a sharpener, and now its sharp enough to cut meat into pieces_(2)后缀-en的用法:意为使成为，变得时，可加在形容词/名词后使其变为动词,但要注意有些以-结尾的词需先去掉-e再加-en。如:wide adj.- widen vi. & vt. (使)变宽fright n. - frighten vt. & vt. 使惊吓bright adj. - brighte
11、n vi. & vt. (使)更明亮deep adj.- deepen vi. &vt. (使)变深strength n.- strengthen vi. & vt. (使)加强weak adj. - weaken vi. &vt. (使)虚弱loose adj. - +loosen vi. & vt. (使)放松;变松soft adj.- soften vi. &vt. (使)变软意为 .制成(或构成)的，.样的“时可加在名词后使其变为形容词。如:wood n. - wooden adj.木制的wool n. - woolen adj.羊毛制的gold n.-golden adj.金(色)的
12、语法填空(湖北高考单项填空改编)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said_( sharp), Dont be so mean, pointing a finger of warning at her.(2019.安徽”皖南八校”联考) Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesnt have enough rests to_( sharp) them.(2018.全国I卷语法填空节选)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces,
13、do exercises to_( strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.The boss can be very sharp _people when shes busy.答案1.sharply sharpenstrengthenwithfollow in ones footsteps 用法详解意为仿效某人;继承某人(尤指家人)的事业。英汉翻译练习：He works in television, following in his fathers footsteps._She followe
14、d in her parents footsteps and worked as a teacher._归纳拓展与follow相关的其他短语:follow the crowd随大流follow ones example 效仿某人的做法as follows如下;如下所述(通常作表语)follow ones order服从某人的命令follow ones advice 听从某人的建议用follow的相关短语完成句子：1. 计划的要点如下。The main points of the plan are_.2.他效仿他的哥哥，成了一名律师。He_and became lawyer.3.如果他听从了我的
15、建议，他就不会失去他的工作。If he_he wouldnt have lost his job.答案 1. as follows2. followed in his brothers footsteps3. had followed my advicecarry on为动词短语，意为继续做，坚持干。其后可以跟名词、代词或v-ing作宾语，也可以单独使用。常见搭配carry on with sth. 继续某事英汉翻译练习：After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion
16、._Her words have given him the courage to carry on with his life and work._Youll have an accident if you carry on driving like that._Sorry, I interrupted you. Please carry on. _归纳拓展carry构成的其他短语:carry out完成(任务);实施，落实,执行，履行carry sth. through 成功完成，顺利实现carry sb. through (sth. )帮助某人渡过难关英汉翻译练习：He gave him
17、self a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task.(湖北高考)_He carried the work through in a month. _Their faith and courage carried them through the difficulties._语法填空：1.(天津高考单项填空改编)I hate it when she calls me at work一Im always too busy to carry_a conversation with her.2.
18、(2018.江苏高考单项填空改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried_in the past two years.3. Not only can friends carry us _hard times but they can share our joy when we are happy.4. They still carried on_( walk) to the park in spite of the bad weather.5. (2020 .河北
19、沧州市一中月考)She ignored him and carried on_her work.答案1.on 2. out3.through 4.walking 5.withexpectation用法详解(1)n.U, C预料,预期，期待常见搭配contrary to/against/beyond (all) expectation(s) (大大)出乎意料in expectation of. 预计会有.，预料.英汉翻译练习：It was an A, which was beyond my expectation._ In expectation of a traffic jam, I deci
20、ded to walk._(2)n c, usually pl.期望,指望；C, usually pl. U希望,盼望常见搭配 expectations of.对.的期望with expectations 怀着希望live up to/meet (ones) expectation 达到(某人的)期望,如(某人)所愿Tom had determined to live up to his leaders expectations._联想串记相关词语积累:expect to do sth.期待/预料做某事expect sb.to do sth.期待/预计某人做某事be expected to d
21、o.被期待做.预计会.expect+that从句 期待.expect vt.期待;预料expected adj.预料的，预期的unexpected adj.出乎意料的，始料不及的unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地，意料之外地语境串记We have great expectations of you，and all expect you can leave a deep impression onthe audience._语法填空1. Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach a compromise(折中) between parents
22、_( expect) and their kids desires,2. (2018.天津阅读理解改编)The global population is expected_(grow)to 9.6 billion by 2050，and some analysts estimate(估计) that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent tomaintain current levels.2. To be honest, the role Jack plays in this film doesnt live_ to my e
23、xpectations, though he is one of my favourite actors.4.(2018 .全国卷完形填空改编) Lindseys husband was totally astonished by the_( expected) visit.答案：expectations;to grow;up;unexpectedburst onto/on用法详解：意为突然出现.在.（指突然成功)。英汉翻译练习：He burst onto the fashion scene in the early 1980s. _A major new talent has burst o
24、nto the literary scene._归纳拓展表示 .起来的短语还有:burst into+n.，burst out doing英汉翻译练习：The aircraft crashed and burst into flames._Hearing the funny story, Karen burst out laughing._语法填空1. Miss Smith burst _the folk music scene in 2002 when she won the Young Traditional Musician of the Year.2. Just now she bur
25、st into_( tear) ，and then she burst out_( laugh). We didnt know what happened to her.答案 1. onto/on2. tears; laughingassign 用法详解 vt.分配,分派;指派常见搭配assign sb. sth.= assign sth. to sb.分配给某人某物assign sb. to sth./as sth. 指派某人做某项工作/任某-职务assign sb. to do sth.指派某人做某事英汉翻练习：The teacher has assigned each of us a h
26、oliday task. = The teacher has assigned a holidaytask to each of us._Which police officer has been assigned to this case? _Theyve assigned the best man to do the job. _归纳拓展 相关词语积累:assignment n.C, U(分派的)工作,任务;U(工作等的)分派,布置英汉翻译练习：She was sent abroad to carry out a difficult assignment._He is responsibl
27、e for the assignment of jobs._语法填空1. Develop good habits, like writing down your_( assign) and handing in your homework on time.2. My teacher assigned me_( write ) an essay about the reform and opening-uppolicy of China.3. The teacher assigned the three boys _the task and each did his share.答案 1.ass
28、ignment(s)2. to write3. toPay off用法详解(1)取得成功，奏效。 为不及物动词短话。英汉翻译练习：With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off._All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true._(2)付清，偿清;付清工资后解雇，遣散。为及物动词短语。The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts._归纳拓展pay构成的其他短语:pay b
29、ack还钱;报复pay for .支付.的钱，为.付出代价语法填空1. Our teachers often encourage us that every minute we spend on studying will finallypay_in the near future.2. J. K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to pay_the heating at home.2. According to a survey, nearly 60 percent of people in
30、the US actually said that_( borrow) money from friends wouldnt affect their relationships, if they remember to pay_as soon as possible.答案1.off 2.for3. borrowing;backseize用法详解 vt.夺取;抓住,捉住;把握(机会时机、主动等)常见搭配seize sth. (from sb. )(从某人那里)夺取某物seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊( =seize sb. s arm)seize a chance/ an
31、 opportunity抓住机会英汉翻译练习：He seized the book from her hand.I seized him by the arm and made him turn to look at me. _Seize the chance. Otherwise youll regret it. _You should seize the opportunity to work abroad._用seize的相关短语完成句子1.这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。The little boy _and asked me for help.2.去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。He_to travel around the world last year.答案1. seized me by the arm/seized my arm2. seized a chance/ an opportunity
