1、教学教材：外研版高中英语新教材必修第三册教学教材：外研版高中英语新教材必修第三册教学内容：教学内容：Unit 3 The world of ScienceUnit 3 The world of Science第三课时：第三课时：Using languageUsing language： Present perfect Present perfect passivepassivea. I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.b. New inventions like 3D printers have bee
2、n used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What has happened to “you” in sentence (a)?Group 1PeopleWho has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b) ?c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.d People have used new inventions like
3、3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.a. I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.b. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.present perfect act
4、ive formpresent perfect passive formGroup 1Group 2c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.d People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.a. I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.b. New inventions like
5、 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active?present perfect active formpresent perfect passive formGroup 1Group 2To emphasize the object: “you” and “new inventions”.被动语态的使用情况：1. 不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁； S
6、uch books have been written for children. 2. 强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者； All the products have been tested.3. 动作的执行者很模糊; The letter has been opened.4. 有时候为了礼貌的需要，避免说出动作的执行者。 They have been told many times not to make noises.Now lets read more examples.How many books has J.K. Rowling written?J.K. Rowling has
7、 written seven books.Seven books have been written by Rowling.Workers have built the house since years ago.The house has been built by workers since years ago.The buildings have been destroyed in the earthquake.The earthquake has destroyed the buildings.A lot of trees have been planted in our countr
8、y.内容要点1. 概 念2. 构 成3. 用 法4. 注 意have/has been done强调一个发生在过去的被动动作。强调一个发生在过去的被动动作。表示动作已经完成，对现在造成的影响或结果；表示动作已经完成，对现在造成的影响或结果；主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词是被动关系。主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词是被动关系。(1)The door has been locked.(2)These flowers have been watered, and you can go home.(3)Our classroom has been cleaned, so you neednt clean
9、 it now. So even the olive wreath (橄榄枝花环橄榄枝花环) has been replaced!1.肯定式：肯定式：have / has + been + done2.否定式：否定式： have / has + not + been + doneAn opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. 构成构成3.一般疑问句一般疑问句: 需将需将_提到主语提到主语的前面。的前面。(1) Has his bike been repaired? (2) Have they been n
10、otified about it?4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：提问主语：提问主语：提问其他：提问其他：have / has疑问词疑问词 + have / has + been + done？(1) Who has been invited? (2) How many buildings have been built in this school?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句？一般疑问句？1. 强调动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并强调动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并对现在造成某种影响。常与对现在造成某种影响。常与for或或since引导的引导的时间状语连用，或用于时间状语连用，或用
11、于“how long.”句型中。句型中。(1) The machine has been repaired for two hours.(2) How long has the car been repaired?2. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时刻已完成的动作。刻已完成的动作。Well start as soon as the work has been finished.用法及注意事项3. 副词的位置副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副等副词置于词置于have / has和和
12、been中间。中间。(1) Such a man has hardly been believed.(2) The machine has already been repaired.4.4.不及物动词（词组）如不及物动词（词组）如 happen, take place, die, happen, take place, die, appear appear 没有被动语态，而不及物动词加介词或者副词构成的没有被动语态，而不及物动词加介词或者副词构成的短语，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态。注意介词和副词短语，相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态。注意介词和副词不能丢掉。不能丢掉。e.g. e.g.
13、 孩子们这些年被王奶奶照顾得很好。孩子们这些年被王奶奶照顾得很好。 The child has been taken good care of by The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years.Grandma Wang all these years.5. 5. 非持续性动词，如非持续性动词，如 come, go, start, begin, leave, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, marry, diearrive, rea
14、ch, get, marry, die等现在完成时的被动语等现在完成时的被动语态不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应意思，态不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应意思，需改动词或时态。需改动词或时态。(1) The new car has been kept for a month.(buy)(2) How long has the meeting been on?(begin)但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，可与但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，可与since或或for构成的时间状语连用。构成的时间状语连用。This dictionary has not been b
15、orrowed since last week.1. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied. (2019全国卷语法填空) 由于大部分有关北极熊生活范围的研究还很少, 所以很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。2. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being Britains oldest full-time employee-still worki
16、ng 40 hours a week. (2019全国卷语法填空) 一位90岁老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。直击高考3. Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. (2019江苏完型填空) 在现代, 野生动植物受到极大程度的威胁。4. (2017全国卷) Sarah _ _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. has been
17、told/was toldl Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most signific
18、ant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting- in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!Rewrite the un
19、derlined parts using the present perfect passive. P29l Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. Many things have already been affected in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers some rest
20、aurants in London. But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting- in Brazil, a new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turt
21、le injured in a forest fire!Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive. P29Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate. P29My lab has been broken into. It was really in
22、 a mess. The thief ruined everything. My files recording various important experiments has been taken away. My computers on the platform have been stolen. The experiment apparatus have been broken up. The robot has fallen down and been broken into parts. All of these annoyed me a lot. 现在完成时的被动语态概念1. 强调过去的动作对现在的影响或结果；2.主语为动作的承受者，为被动关系。构成肯定式否定式一般疑问句特殊疑问句用法1. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续。2.可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。注意1. 副词的位置2. 不可分割和省略动词短语的介词或副词。3. 表短暂意义的动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用
