1、1Sentence components & Sentence patternI. Common sentence components and their functions(概念定义见 P7)1._：动作发出者2._：主语发出的动作3._：动作的承受者4._：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征5._：补充说明主语或宾语6._：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分II. Sentence pattern classificationS1： _ They left.S2： _ My name is Amy.S3： _ They bought a house.S4： _
2、 My mum brought me a new dictionary.S5： _ The teacher found the classroom empty.1. 主+谓特点: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做_，后面不用接_。但是可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g. Time flies.They have gone.S（主语）1. The moon 2. The man3. We all 4. Everybody 5. I 6. They 7. He 8. He9. TheyV（谓语：不及物动词）rises. cooked. eat, and drink.laughe
3、d? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday. is playing. (!)have gone. (!)2 练习 1：分析句子成分1. Your father is standing there.2. His teacher came in with a book in his hand.3. The bus started and arrived there at 8 a.m. 4. Flowers come out in spring.5. The plane has already left.6. Is the baby dog s
4、leeping?练习 2：中译英1. 昨天发生了事故。_2. 你唱的很优美。_3. 她正在哭。_2. 主系表特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明_的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做_。e.g.Mr. Brown is an English teacher.系动词六类1)_类：be（am, is, are, was, were）2)_类：look, feel, smell, taste, sound3)_类：get, grow, become, turn, go4)_类：keep, remain, stay, stand5)_类：seem, appear
5、, look6)_类：prove, turn outS 主语V(系动词)P 表语1. This 2. The dinner3. He _ 是_ 尝起来_ 感觉 an English dictionary. good. happy. 34. Everything5. He 6. The weather 7. His face _ 看起来 _ 是_ 变得_ 转变 different. tall and strong. warmer. red. 练习 1：分析句子结构1) His parents are in the kitchen now.2) You looked happy yesterday
6、.3) This song doesnt sound beautiful.4) Did your father get angry?练习 2：找出下列句子中的表语1.The old man was feeling very tired. 2.Why is he worried? 3.The leaves have turned yellow. 4.They all became interested in the subject. 5.She was the first to learn about it.3. 主谓宾特点：谓语动词都具有实义，通常是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，所以必
7、须跟有一个_，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做_。e.g.My brother didnt do his homework. S 主语V 实义动词O 宾语1. Who 2. She _ (know)_ (laugh) at the answer? her yesterday. 4练习 1：分析句子结构1. People all over the world speak English.2. How many new words did you learn last class?3. They dont know who Father Christmas is. 4. Some of
8、 the students in the school want to go swimming.5. The old man said he was ill. 6. You will find it when you get home. 4. 主谓间宾直宾 （不详细展开）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的_，另一个是动作的_。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。e.g.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number
9、to me.间接宾语放后面时要在其前加“to”或“for”5. 主谓宾宾补特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。可以用做补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。 e.g.Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）3. He _ (understand) English. 5主语及物动词宾语宾补1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. Wekeep painted call found makes saw the table
10、 the door supper the house him him clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. 拓展拓展 1：形式宾语：形式宾语当不定式（短语） 、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用 it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在_。此时 it 只起引导作用，无意义。1）I still find it hard to make good friends with her.2）We thought it no use doing that.3）Didnt I make it clear to you that I w
11、ould not come here again?练习 1：中译英。1. 我发现戒烟很困难。_2. 她认为担心他没用。_练习 2：完成结构图（总表）主语+谓语动词+it+（细分表） find possible主语+ think + it + necessary + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause feel important a rule主语+ 谓语动词 + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause an honour6no good主语 + 谓语动词 + it + + doing sth. no use 拓展
12、 2：形式主语由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用 it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。常用结构 1）It is + adj + (for sb.) + to do sth. (e.g. It is necessary for us to keep healthy.) 2）It is + n. + that 从句 (e.g. It is a pity that he cant come.)巩固练习：分析句子结构1.They work hard.2.The flower becomes beautiful.3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some s
13、eeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city7.He kept me a dictionary. 8.We find the book very interesting. 9.You must listen to her.10.Learning new words is very useful .11.The boy in the classroom sat there quietly . 12.In 1934, with the passage of
14、the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl.13.It highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest yourself. 动词分类动词分类一、实义动词71. 特点：有实际含义，能独立作谓语2. 根据是否需要跟宾语，意义才完整，分为：及
15、物动词、不及物动词1）及物动词(vt.)：后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词典例：_2）不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词典例：_二、系动词1. 特点：是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。2. 分类1)状态类：be（am, is, are, was, were）2)感官类：看起来_, 感觉_, 闻起来_, 尝起来_, 听起来_3)变化类：get, grow, 变成_, 转变成_, go4)持续类：keep, remain_, stay, stand5)表象类：seem_, appear
16、, look6)终止类：prove_, turn out_三、情态动词1. 定义：表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须与其他动词连用，共同构成谓语。2. 特点：注意，情态动词后面接_3. 分类may-might_can-could_should_ (ought to)8need_ (肯定句中接 to do；本身也可作实义动词)must_ (have to_)四、助动词1. 定义：协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb） ，也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb） 。2. 特点：1）助动词用来构成时态和语态。 2）助动词具有语
17、法意义，但没有词汇含义，不可单独作_，它没有对应的汉译。3. 典例_五、区分训练1. They work hard. _2. The flower is dead. _3. We should keep the plants in the shade._4. Did you leave a camera?_5. He gives me some seeds._6. Well send a car to fetch you. _7. Trees turn green when spring comes._8. I have eaten all the food._9【补充定义解释】一、分清句子成
18、分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。1主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。The teacher is very kind to us.老师对我们很好。I dont like pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。2谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。We have finished our work already.我们已经完成了工作。I will wait for you at the school
19、gate.我要在校门口等你。3表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。He looks very angry.他看上去很生气。She is a clever girl.她是一位聪明的女孩。4宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本。She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。5宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。Ive never seen
20、 her dancing.我从未看见过她跳舞。10I wish you a happy weekend.我祝愿你周末愉快。6定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。Its an interesting story.那是一个有趣的故事。Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗？7状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。We like English very much.我们非常喜欢英语。Her
21、 uncle lives in Canada.她叔叔住在加拿大。She was lying in bed reading.她躺在床上看书。8同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。We students should study hard.我们学生应该努力学习。Li Hua, a middle school student, comes from the USA.李华是一名来自美国的中学生。二、八种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子。其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：主语谓语(不
22、及物动词)；11主语谓语(及物动词)宾语；主语系动词表语；主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语；主语谓语(不及物动词)状语；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语状语；There be.12131Sentence components & Sentence patternI. Common sentence components and their functions(详细概念定义见 P7)1.主语：动作发出者2.谓语：主语发出的动作3.宾语：动作的承受者4.定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征5.补语：补充说明主语或宾语6.状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、
23、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分II. Sentence pattern classificationS1： “主语谓语(不及物动词)” “主语系动词表语”结构 They left.S2： “主语系动词表语”结构 My name is Amy.S3： “主语谓语(及物动词)宾语” They bought a house.S4： “主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语” My mum brought me a new dictionary.S5： “主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语” The teacher found the classroom empty.1. 主+谓特点: 句子的谓语动词都能表
24、达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面不用接宾语宾语。但是可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g. Time flies.They have gone.S（主语）1. The moon 2. The man3. We all 4. Everybody 5. I 6. They 7. He V（谓语：不及物动词）rises. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday. 28. He9. Theyis playing. (!)have gone. (!) 练习 1：分
25、析句子成分1. Your father is standing there. 主谓2. His teacher came in with a book in his hand.主谓+补3. The bus started and arrived there at 8 a.m.主谓+状4. Flowers come out in spring.主谓+状5. The plane has already left.主谓6. Is the baby dog sleeping?主谓练习 2：中译英1. 昨天发生了事故。An accident happened yesterday.2. 你唱的好。You
26、sing well.3. 她正在哭。She is crying.2. 主系表特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。e.g.Mr. Brown is an English teacher.系动词六类1)状态类：be（am, is, are, was, were）2)感官类：look, feel, smell, taste, sound3)变化类：get, grow, become, turn, go4)持续类：keep, remain, stay, stand5)表象类：seem, ap
27、pear, look6)终止类：prove, turn outS 主语V(系动词)P 表语1. This is 是an English dictionary. 32. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The weather 7. His face tastes 尝起来feels 感觉 looks 看起来 is 是becomes 变得turns 转变 good. happy. different. tall and strong. warmer. red. 练习 1：分析句子结构1) His parents are in the kitchen now
28、. 2) You looked happy yesterday.3) This song doesnt sound beautiful.4) Did your father get angry?练习 2：找出下列句子中的表语1.The old man was feeling very tired. 2.Why is he worried? 3.The leaves have turned yellow. 4.They all became interested in the subject. 5.She was the first to learn about it.3. 主谓宾特点：谓语动词
29、都具有实义，通常是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，所以必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.My brother didnt do his homework. S 主语V 实义动词O 宾语4练习 1：分析句子结构1. People all over the world/ speak/ English.2. How many new words（宾语） did you(主语) learn(谓语) last class?3. They/ dont know/ who Father Christmas is. 4. Some of the studen
30、ts in the school/ want/ to go swimming.5. The old man/ said/ he was ill. 6. You/ will find/ it/ when you get home. 4. 主谓间宾直宾 （不详细展开）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。e.g.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone num
31、ber to me.间接宾语放后面时要在其前加“to”或“for”5. 主谓宾宾补特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。可以用做补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。 e.g.Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）1. Who 2. She 3. He knows (know)laughed (laugh) at understands the answer? her yesterday. English. 5主语及物动词宾语宾补1. We 2. Th
32、ey3. They 4. They5. What 6. Wekeep painted call found makes saw the table the door supper the house him him clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. 拓展拓展 1：形式宾语：形式宾语当不定式（短语） 、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子末尾。此时 it 只起引导作用，无意义。1）I still find it hard to make good friends with
33、her.2）We thought it no use doing that.3）Didnt I make it clear to you that I would not come here again?练习 1：中译英。1. 我发现戒烟很困难。I find it difficult to give up smoking.2. 她认为担心他没用。She thinks it no use worrying about him.练习 2：完成结构图（总表）主语+谓语动词+it+ adjnp+to dodoing（细分表） find possible主语+ think + it + necessar
34、y + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause feel important a rule主语+ 谓语动词 + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause6 an honourno good主语 + 谓语动词 + it + + doing sth. no use 拓展 2：形式主语由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用 it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。常用结构 1）It is + adj + (for sb.) + to do sth. (e.g. It is necessary for us to keep
35、 healthy.) 2）It is + n. + that 从句 (e.g. It is a pity that he cant come.)巩固练习：分析句子结构1.They work hard. 主谓宾2.The flower becomes beautiful.主系表3.Plants need water.主谓宾4.He gives me some seeds.主谓间宾直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主谓宾宾补6.He made it clear that he would leave the city主谓宾宾补7.He kept
36、me a dictionary. 主谓间宾直宾8.We find the book very interesting. 主谓宾宾补9.You must listen to her.主谓宾10.Learning new words is very useful .主系表11.The boy in the classroom sat there quietly. 主谓12.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation/ took/ f
37、irm action/ to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl.13.It/ highlights/ the whole adventure and offers/ a place where you can sit down to rest yourself.（并列）7动词分类动词分类一、实义动词1. 特点：有实际含义，能独立作谓语2. 根据是否需要跟宾语，意义才完整，分为：及物动词、不及物动词1）及物动词(vt.)：后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词典例：write, touch, eat, drink, etc.2）不及
38、物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词典例：jump, die, cry, etc.二、系动词1. 特点：是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。2. 分类1)状态类：be（am, is, are, was, were）2)感官类：看起来 look, 感觉 feel, 闻起来 smell, 尝起来 taste, 听起来 sound3)变化类：get, grow, 变成 become, 转变成 turn, go4)持续类：keep, remain 保持, stay, stand5)表象类：seem 似
39、乎, appear, look6)终止类：prove 证明, turn out 结果是三、情态动词1. 定义：表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须与其他动词连用，共同构成谓语。2. 特点：注意，情态动词后面接动词原形83. 分类may-might 可能can-could 能够should 应该 (ought to)need 需要 (肯定句中接 to do；本身也可作实义动词)must 必须 (have to 不得不)四、助动词1. 定义：协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb） ，也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb） 。
40、2. 特点：1）助动词用来构成时态和语态。 2）助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇含义，不可单独作谓语，它没有对应的汉译。3. 典例 do, did, does, will, have, has, had五、区分训练1. They work hard. _实义动词（不及物）2. The flower is dead. _系动词3. We should keep the plants in the shade._情态动+实义动词（及物）4. Did you leave a camera?_助动；实义动词（及物）5. He gives me some seeds._实义动词（及物）6. Well se
41、nd a car to fetch you. _助动（情态动）+实义动词（及物）7. Trees turn green when spring comes._系动词8. I have eaten all the food._助动词+实义动词（及物）9【补充定义解释】一、分清句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。1主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。The teacher is very kind to us.老师对我们很好。I dont l
42、ike pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。2谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。We have finished our work already.我们已经完成了工作。I will wait for you at the school gate.我要在校门口等你。3表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。He looks very angry.他看上去很生气。She is a clever girl.她是一位聪明的女孩。4宾语：指动作所涉及的人
43、或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本。She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。5宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。10Ive never seen her dancing.我从未看见过她跳舞。I wish you a happy weekend.我祝愿你周末愉快。6定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。Its an interesting sto
44、ry.那是一个有趣的故事。Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗？7状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。We like English very much.我们非常喜欢英语。Her uncle lives in Canada.她叔叔住在加拿大。She was lying in bed reading.她躺在床上看书。8同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。We students should study hard.我们学生应该努力学习。Li Hua, a middle school student, comes from the USA.李华是一名来自美国的中学生。11二、八种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子。其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：主语谓语(不及物动词)；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语；主语系动词表语；主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语；主语谓语(不及物动词)状语；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语状语；There be.1213
