1、2022 高考高考英语英语高频词汇短语句式通关练高频词汇短语句式通关练Unit 3Food and CultureWhat is a true winner?We may be very familiar with Honda Motors.But do you know the realstory of how1it was for Mr.Soichiro Honda to establish Honda Motors?In 1938,Soichiro Honda was still in school,when he started a little workshop.His2wasto
2、sell piston rings( 活 塞 环 )to Toyota.He3night and day,and slept in theworkshop,believing he could4his design and produce a worthy product.Then,came the dayhe5his piston ring and was able to take a working sample(样本) to Toyota,only to be toldthat the rings did not meet their6!Soichiro went back to sch
3、ool and suffered teasing(嘲笑)when the engineers laughed at his design.7,he refused to give up.Rather than8hisfailure,he continued working towards his9.After two more years of10and redesign,hewon a contract(合同) with Toyota.By now,Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supplyToyota,but building ma
4、terials were in short11.Again he would not quit!He invented aspecial process that12him to build the factory.But unfortunately,an earthquake destroyedthe factory.Was he ready to give up now?No!Soichiro Honda13to 18,000 bicycle shopowners and,in a(n)14letter,asked them to help him.5,00015and advanced
5、him whatlittle money they could offer to build his tiny bicycle engines.And gradually the company gotgreat success.Today,Honda Corporation is one of the worlds largest automobile companies.1.A.challengingB.excitingC.shockingD.disappointing2.A.promiseB.excuseC.faithD.plan3.A.fixedB.examinedC.laboured
6、D.organized4.A.meetB.perfectC.breakD.confirm5.A.choseB.preparedC.completedD.advertised6.A.agreementsB.explanations C.servicesD.standards7.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Instead8.A.focus onB.depend upon C.sum upD.cast away9.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.requestSectionA：题型题型练笔练笔10.A.struggleB.progressC.exci
7、tementD.research11.A.orderB.supplyC.appreciateD.discover12.A.forcedB.forbadeC.taughtD.enabled13.A.beggedB.wroteC.questionedD.promised14.A.inspiringB.interesting C.caringD.surprising15.A.respondedB.interruptedC.predictedD.repeatedB.If you come across an 85-year-old woman walking slowly with a walker
8、in the ChildrensHospital of Soochow University,dont take her as a patient.Instead,she is a doctor1stillinsists working in the hospital.Sheng Jinyun,born in 1935,a famous expert in pediatric asthma ( 儿 科 哮 喘 ),2(treat)about 30,000 children suffering asthma so far.She is known3“the most beautifulgrand
9、ma doctor” by others.Currently,she stills sees 404(patient) every day.Sheng hasalways stuck to her post though she had two bones5(break) in a fall a month ago.So nowshe can only walk with6help of a walker.Others dont understand her.In their eyes,she7(expect)to live a peaceful life in this old age.Bu
10、t she wants to cure more children.One of Shengs most8(impress) experiences happened in her 50s.She saw 146patients from 7:45 am to 9:45 pm that day,9(eat) nothing except some milk.Though awardedthe “lifelong10(achieve) physician in pediatries” at the 24th Congress of Chinese PediatricSociety in this
11、 October,Sheng seems not proud at all.She said it was her goal to be a diligentperson and a good doctor.1.祈使句祈使句+连词连词+陈述句陈述句Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are.告诉我你吃什么,我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。知识运用Section B：重点词汇重点词汇(1)In any unsafe situation,simply(press) the button and a highly-trained agen
12、twill get you the help you need.(2)Read this story,you will realize that not everything can be bought withmoney.(3)(look) at the photos,illustrations,title and headings,you can guess what thereading is about.知识延伸(1)“祈使句+连词+陈述句”中常用的连词有:and,or,so。(2)祈使句句首的动词用原形,陈述句的谓语常用一般将来时。2.prior adj.先前的先前的;优先的优先的P
13、rior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,withChinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。知识运用(1)Nowadays the(prior) for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.(2)如果一个人将金钱置于其他事物之前的话,那他很可能无法享
14、受生活中的快乐。If a person places moneyanything else,it s very likely that he couldnot enjoy the happiness in life.(3)所有安排都应在你离开之前完成。All the arrangements should be completed.知识延伸(1)prior to 在之前的(2)prior warning/notice/discussion 预先警告/通知/讨论prior agreement/arrangement 事先协议/安排(3)近义词:previous;before(4)priority
15、 n.优先考虑的事情3.consist vi.由由组成组成For example,America s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso s chicken,which consistsof fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”,它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以炒过的红辣椒制成。知识运用(1)Rock music consistsmany different styles.(2)Listening is t
16、hus an active,not a passive,behavior(consist) ofhearing,understanding and remembering.(3)He belongs to a team(consist) of 15 members.(4)He belongs to a team(make) up of 15 members.知识延伸consist of 由组成近义短语:be made up ofbe comprised ofbe composed ofconsist of 不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。4.exceptional adj.特别的特别的;罕见
17、的罕见的In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdongs elegantdim sumsmall servings of food in bamboo steamersto the exceptional stewed noodles inHenan.我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,从广东的精致点心那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品,到河南独特的烩面。知识运用(1)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an
18、(exception)museum in Shanghai.(2)The law applies to all European countries.Britain is no(except).(3)他五岁时就表现出非凡的音乐家才能。At the age of five he showedas a musician.知识延伸(1)exceptional speed 罕见的速度exceptional talent 非凡的才能exceptional circumstances 特殊情况exceptional intelligence 非凡的智力exceptional imagination 非凡的
19、想象力(2)exception n.例外make an exception 破例(3)except prep.除之外5.minimum adj.最低最低(限度限度)的的;最小的最小的n.最小值最小值;最少量最少量At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in theirregion,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.至少,当地人消耗的食物种类告诉我们该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他
20、们的好恶。知识运用(1)这是完善循环的最低限度人数。That is thenecessary to complete the circuit.(2)当我们睡着时,呼吸次数最少,因为人睡着时对氧气的需求量很小。When we are asleep,the rate of breathing isbecause theneed for oxygen is then very small.(3)修理你的汽车最少要 100 美元。Repairing your car will cost100 dollars.知识延伸(1)be at a minimum 处于最小限度at the minimum of
21、cost 以最低的成本keep.to a minimum 把保持在最低限度reduce/bring.to a minimum 把减少到最小/低限度a minimum charge/price 最低收费/价格the minimum age for retirement 退休的最低年龄(2)maximum adj.最高(限度)的;最大的n.最大值;最多量6.consume vt.吃吃;喝喝;饮饮;消耗消耗;烧毁烧毁At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in theirregion,wha
22、t kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.至少,当地人消耗的食物种类告诉我们该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的好恶。知识运用(1)The fire quickly(consume) the wooden hut.(2)We need more feedback from the(consume) in order to improve our goods.(3)He was advised to reduce his alcohol(consume).知识延伸(1)consume large amo
23、unts of fossil fuels 消耗大量的矿物燃料consume a large quantity of alcohol 喝大量的酒a time-consuming job 一项费时间的工作energy-consuming labor 很耗体力的劳动(2)consumer n.消费者;顾客consumption n.(食材或能量)的消耗7.somewhat adv.有点有点;稍微稍微How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine?湖南菜和四川菜是如何略有不同的?知识运用anyhow,somehow,somewh
24、at(1)Our team had better players,butwe still lost the game.(2)I may fail,but I will try.(3)I wassurprised to see him.(4)The price was somewhat higher than Id expected.(5)I could have finished it on time,but somehow I fell behind.知识延伸(1)somewhat 相当于 a little,a bit(2)somehow adv.不知怎么地;不知为什么(3)anyhow=a
25、nyway 无论如何;不管怎样8.association n.协会协会;关联关联Journal of the American Medical Association,20142014 年美国医学会杂志知识运用(1)As a result,she says,some of the injuries(associate) with running,such asrunners knee,are uncommon among race walkers.(2)I have never associated youthis place.(3)He belongs to a trade(associat
26、e).(4)Generally speaking,roses(associate) with romance.(5)He has no association with this project.知识延伸(1)the teachers association 教师协会The British Medical Association 英国医学协会National Basketball Association(NBA)美国国家篮球协会professional associations 专业协会an association between A and BA 和 B 之间的联系(2)associate
27、vt.联系;(使)关联associate.with. 把和联系起来be associated with 与有联系9.regardless adv.不顾不顾;不加理会不加理会This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康,都确实如此。知识运用用 regardless of 或 in spite of 填空(1)We went outthe rain.(2)We worked all daythe cold weather.(3)Our club is open to ev
28、eryoneage,sex or educational background.(4)This special school accepts all disabled students,educational level andbackground.(5)无论你选择什么课程,你都能快速有效地发展你的语言能力。of course,youll develop your language abilityboth quickly and effectively.知识延伸(1)regardless of cost/expense 不计成本regardless of the result/conseque
29、nce 不计后果regardless of ones ability 不管能力如何regardless of ones race or nationality 不管种族和国籍(2)in spite of 尽管10.quantity n.数量数量;数额数额Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fatthan fresh ingredients相比新鲜食材,加工食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。知识运用(1)A large quantity o
30、f water(waste) every year.(2)Large quantities of water(waste) every year.(3)A lot of fresh vegetables are delivered to supermarkets today.fresh vegetables are delivered to supermarkets today.(4)你的工作在数量和质量上都有提高。Your work has improved.知识延伸(1)a small quantity of 少量large quantities of 大量的(修饰不可数或复数名词,谓语动
31、词用复数)a large quantity of 大量的(修饰不可数名词时谓语动词用单数,修饰复数名词时谓语动词用复数)一：一：单句填空单句填空1.Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly(consist) of sand.Section C：习题运用习题运用2.I recommend him without reservation,as I believe you will appreciate his(exception) ability in his
32、studies.3.(consume) rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporarysocieties.4.The support of our members is of great importance to the(associate).5.Close the door of fear behind you,and you(see) the door of faith open beforeyou.6.All of the basketball players made full preparation
33、s priorthe matchyesterday.7.She always travels first-class regardlessexpense.8.Before buying,it is upthe consumers to judge the safety and effectiveness ofsuch items.9.The results are entirely(consist) with our earlier research.10.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and(remai
34、n)around that level ever since.二二：文章：文章填空填空chew,consume,category,consist of,quantities of,regardless ofFood and healthy eating is a lasting and universal topic.So what does healthy eating1.?As far as I am concerned,the key lies in different 2.of food inmoderation.Many people 3.4.junk food 5.theoutco
35、me.Besides,eat your meals slowly and 6.your food carefully.All in all,weshould have a wise attitude towards food.After all,we eat to live but not live to eat.三：写作三：写作1.随着生活水平的提高,越来越多的人,尤其是孩子,已经饱受肥胖(obesity)之苦。2.为了解决这个问题,首先,我们需要均衡膳食,包括水果、 蔬菜和肉类。 (in order to,consistof)3.我们还要减少富含糖和脂肪的食物的摄入量,它们容易让我们胖起来
36、。(cut downon,which 引导的定语从句)4.务必进行有规律的锻炼,它对我们的身心有益。(do 表示强调,benefit)一：一：习题习题1.A结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述本田宗一郎创建本田汽车集团的艰难经历。所以句意为“但你知道本田宗一郎面临(巨大)挑战创建本田汽车的真实故事吗?”challenging“有挑战性的”;exciting“激动人心的”;shocking“令人震惊的”;disappointing“令人失望的” 。2.D结合下文的内容可知,上学期间的本田宗一郎就有着“计划” 。所以句意为“他的计划是卖活塞环给丰田。 ”promise“诺言”;excuse“借口”;fa
37、ith“信念”;plan“计划,打算” 。3.C结合上下文可知,句意为“他夜以继日地工作,睡在车间里。 ”fix“修理”;examine“检查”;labour“劳动,苦干”;organize“组织” 。4.B结合下文内容可知,这里表示 “相信自己可以完善自己的设计,做出有价值的产品。 ”meet“遇见,满足”;perfect“使完美;使熟练”;break“打破,骨折”;confirm“确认” 。5.C结合上下文可知,句意为“然后,活塞环(制作)完成的这一天终于到来了。 ”choose“选择”;prepare“准备”;complete“完成”;advertise“做广告” 。6.D结合上下文可知
38、,句意为“但是丰田公司却告诉他,他的产品不符合他们的标准(standard)。 ”7.C结合上下句的句意可知,这里表示转折关系。句意:回到学校,他遭到了嘲笑。但他并没有放弃。8.A结合上下文可知,句意为 “他没有把注意力放在失败上,而是继续朝着自己的目标努力。 ”focus on“聚焦于”;depend upon“依赖于”;sum up“总结归纳”;cast away“丢掉,浪费” 。9.C解析见上一题。 本田宗一郎的目标(goal)就是把自己设计生产的活塞环卖给丰田公司。10.A结合上下文可知,句意为“经过两年的奋斗和重新设计,他赢得了与丰田的合同。 ”struggle“拼搏,奋斗”;pro
39、gress“进步”;excitement“激动,兴奋”;research“研究” 。11.Bin short supply 为固定搭配,表示“供应不足;缺乏”,这里指建造工厂遇到麻烦,建筑材料“供应不足” 。12.D结合上文可知,句意为“他发明了一种特殊的工艺使他能够建造这个工厂。 ”13.B结合下文的内容及出现的名词 letter 可知,这里表示他写信给 18,000 名自行车店主。Section D：校对查漏校对查漏14.A正是因为这封信是“鼓舞人心的”,才会有下文自行车店主们的响应借钱给他。15.A上文中的“.to 18,000 bicycle shop owners”与这里的“5,00
40、0”相呼应,上文提到的是“写信”,这里自然就是“回复” 。1.who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句为限定性定语从句,先行词是 adoctor,定语从句中缺少主语,指人,故用 who/that。2.has treated考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句中 so far 意为“到现在为止”,是现在完成时的标志,据此可知,此处用现在完成时,由于主语 Shen Jinyun 表示单数概念,且与动词treat 构成主动关系,故用现在完成时的主动语态。3.as考查固定搭配。be known as 为固定搭配,表示“作为而出名” 。注意 be knownfor 意为“由于而出名”,根据句意可
41、知应该用 as。4.patients考查名词。patient 为可数名词,意为“病人”,根据“40”可知,应用名词的复数形式,故填 patients。5.broken考查非谓语动词。此处是考查“have sth done”这一结构,表示“某事被做”,其中过去分词 done 与前面的名词 sth 之间构成被动关系。这里表示的是“一个月前她摔断了两根骨头。 ”6.the考查冠词。with the help of 为固定搭配,表示“在的帮助下” 。7.is expected考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。人们期望她晚年过平静的生活。句中主语 she 与动词 expect 之间构成被动关系,表示“她被人
42、们期望”,由于此处描述的是现在的情况,且主语 she 表示单数概念,故用一般现在时的被动语态 is expected。8.impressive考查形容词。 根据后面的名词 experiences 可知,此处需要用形容词,同时结合前面的 most 可知,此处是表示形容词的最高级形式,故填 impressive。9.eating考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的 saw 为谓语动词,故空格处需要采用非谓语动词的形式,由于动词eat与其逻辑主语she之间构成主动关系,故用现在分词短语作状语。10.achievement考查名词。这里表示“虽然被授予了终身成就儿科医生奖”,lifelong 为
43、形容词,表示“终身的”,其后需要跟名词,故用 achievement。二：词汇运用二：词汇运用1.(1)press(2)and(3)Looking2.(1)priority(2)prior to(3)prior to your departure3.(1)of(2)consisting(3)consisting(4)made4.(1)exceptional(2)exception(3)exceptional talent5.(1)minimum number(2)at a minimum(3)a minimum of6.(1)consumed(2)consumers(3)consumption
44、7.(1)somehow(2)anyhow(3)somewhat(4)这价格比我预料的稍高一些。(5)我本来能够按时完成的,但不知怎么地落后了。8.(1)associated(2)with(3)association(4)are associated(5)他和这项工程没有关系。9.(1)in spite of(2)in spite of(3)regardless of(4)regardless of(5)Regardless of yourchoice10.(1)is wasted(2)are wasted(3)Large quantities of(4)in quantity and qua
45、lity三：习题运用三：习题运用一 .1.consisting2.exceptional3.Consumption/Consuming4.association5.will see6.to7.of8.to9.consistent 10.has remained二.1.consist of2.categories3.consume4.quantities of 5.regardless of6.chew三 .With peoples living standard continuing to rise,an increasing number ofpeople,especially childr
46、en,have suffered from obesity.In order to deal with the problem,first ofall,we need to have a balanced diet consisting of fruits,vegetables and meat.Besides,cut down onthe amount of food containing too much sugar and fat,which will get us to put on weighteasily.Meanwhile,do have regular exercise which benefits us both physically and mentally.
