1、Unit 4 Journey across a vast landReview the whole unitWhat do you know DaiYus travel experience? Share it with your classmatesLead inWork in groups. Discuss the questions.Words and expressions1 arise v. 起身；出现；由引起1). The board acknowledges problems which arise from the newness of the approach. 董事会承认使
2、用新方法产生了种种问题。2). However, several issues arise if you go down this path. 但是，如果沿着这条思路走下去，会产生几个问题。【拓展】arisearosearisenarise from/ out of 由引起arise : 书面用词，出现；发生；起身rise : 普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。raise : 及物动词，意为“提起；举起；抚养；提出” lift : 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。词义辨析词义辨析 arise, rise, raise, lift 这些动词均有这些动词均有上升，举
3、起上升，举起之意。之意。2 breath n. 呼吸的空气 breathless adj. 喘不过气来的 breathe v. 呼吸1). She was slightly out of breath from running. 她跑过后有点上气不接下气。2). I had to step outside for a breath of fresh air. 我得到外面去透口气。重点短语take a deep breath 深呼吸out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气shortness of breath 气促；呼吸浅短take my breath away 使大吃一惊；让我无法
4、呼吸short of breath 呼吸短促catch my breath 喘气；随着我的呼吸save your breath 别唠叨了；省口气吧；别白费口舌了breath of air 微风in one breath 一口气；同时（等于in the same breath）3 bound adj. 准备前往某地；一定会1. There are bound to be teething problems with something so new. 如此新鲜的事物刚开始必然会有些问题。2. The ethnic populations are so intermingled that ther
5、es bound to be conflict. 各民族人口如此杂居，肯定会发生冲突。【拓展】be bound by 受约束；由联系起来bound with 与合订；与有共同的境界；（因喜悦等而）雀跃bound up with 与关系密切bound up in 专心，沉迷于，忙于within bounds adv. 在允许范围内【拓展】freezefroze frozen freeze in 用冰冻上；冰封 freeze up 冻结；怯场freeze to death vt. 冻死 wage freeze 工资冻结4 freeze v. 结冰；使冻住1). If the temperature
6、 drops below 0C, water freezes. 如果温度降到摄氏零度以下，水就会结冰。2). You can freeze the soup at this stage. 你此时可以把汤冷藏。1). Contrary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. 与大部分人的想法相反，适度的运动实际上会降低食欲。2). He continued to maintain that he did nothing wrong, despite clear evidence to the c
7、ontrary. 他仍坚持认为自己没有做错，尽管有确凿的证据证明他做错了。5 contrary adj. 相反的；相对立的 n. 相反的事物【拓展】辨析辨析 opposite, contrary, adverse, reverse, converseopposite : 指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。contrary : 一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，否定一方并不意味 着肯定另一方的意味。adverse : 通常指违害利益的、无生命的势力或条件等，侧重分歧。reverse : 指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。converse : 指在方向、行动或意见上相反的。6 proceed
8、 v. 行进；继续做1. We now proceed to the next item on the agenda. 我们现在着手讨论下一项议题. 2. Were not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale. 我们不确定是否还要继续减价促销。词汇辨析词汇辨析advance : 主要用于具体的人或物，也可指科学技术和运动等。progress : 指按某一既定目标前进，目的性很明确，强调经常和稳定地前进。proceed : 侧重指继续前进。move on : 侧重从某一停止点向某地前进，但不表示前进的目的地。7 astonish
9、 v.使吃惊；使惊讶 astonished adj. 人感到吃惊的 astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的1. A matter of repeated occurrence like this will not astonish people. 这样司空见惯的事,不会使人吃惊.2. My news will astonish you. 我的消息会让你感到十分惊讶的。词汇辨析词汇辨析surprise : 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。amaze : 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。astonish : 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发
10、生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。astound : 语气强，指由于事情令人难以置信或实在罕见而使人感到震惊。startle : 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。1) The fugitive is believed to be headed for the Canadian border. 据信，逃亡者正向加拿大边界方向逃窜。2) Soldiers had temporarily closed the border between the two countries. 士兵们已暂时封闭了两国的边界。8 border n.国界；边界词义辨析border : 多指国与国之间或两地区的
11、分界处，即分界线附近的边缘部分。bounds : 常与boundary换用，指土地边界，但意思不如boundary明确，主要用于抽象事物和文学作品中。boundary : 侧重地图上正式标定的、双方遵守的边界，也可指较小行政单位间的界线。frontier : 指两国接壤的前沿地区，属于各国的国境和边疆，多指设防的边界。limit : 常用作复数。指任何界限、范围、分界线外面的部分，可指有形或无形的东西。1) I owe a big debt of gratitude to her. 我对她万分感激。2) The company owes money to more than 60 banks.
12、这家公司欠下60多家银行的债。9 owe v. 欠【拓展】owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把归功于own adj. 自己的 v. 拥有Grammar一、做状语一、做状语过去分词做状语和表语过去分词做状语和表语过去分词：过去分词：done （和逻辑主语是被动关系）特点特点: 1 一般用逗号隔开 2逻辑主语和主句主语一致1. Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I,即 I 被再给一个小时。)2. Seen from the top o
13、f the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。(seen 为过去分词作状语，表被看,由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是我们,因为我们应主动看城市。)Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)When asked her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.当问到未来的计划时, 这个女孩说她想成为
14、一名教师。(表时间)Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.当误服时, 有些药可以要人命。(表条件)Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)The girl met with an accident wh
15、en crossing the road, wounded in the head.那个女孩过马路时出了事故, 头部受了伤。(表结果)作用：作用：分词在句中作状语时, 可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。过去分词作状语多放在句首, 也可放在后面或插在中间。如：The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。)Her head held high, she went by.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(her head 是
16、 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。)特殊结构：独立主格特殊结构：独立主格如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。二、做表语二、做表语过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加某些连词，以表示强调。“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”结构作状语结构作状语常用的有if, unless, when, once, until, though/ although, even if/ even though, as, as if等。The girl was amazed to
17、 see such an open country.Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone?过去分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系。If admitted, I will try my best to do the work well. (admit 和 I 为被动关系)when burned by the fire, we should deal with it under the running water. (burn和we 为被动关系)_ mist; _ steel;_ advertisement; _ dusk
18、; _ accent; _ photographer; _ owe;_ owe sth to sb_ anyhow; _ alongside; _ proceed; _ shore; _ astonish; _ freezing; _就视力所能及_消磨时间薄雾钢铁广告黄昏口音摄影师欠欠某人某物无论怎样在旁边继续海岸吃惊结冰As far as ones eye can seekill timeExercise Filling the blank1. _(lose) in thought, he almost knocked into the big tree in front of him.2.
19、 Time, _(use)correctly, is money in the bank.3. _(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.4. _(seen)from the moon, our earth with water _(cover)seventy percent of its surface, appears as a blue ball.5. Some people against tollbooths (收费亭) argue that roads, onc
20、e _(build), should be free.LostusedOfferedSeenbuiltcoveringFilling the blank6. _ (move) to tears, he stood there silently.7. _ (catch) in a heavy rain, he was all wet8. _ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.9. _ (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses. 10. _(mail) out automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.Moved CaughtGrown DrivenMailedBye-bye!
