1、1.base n.基础基础;基地基地vt. .为基础为基础;基础设在基础设在.basis n.根据根据;基础基础(牛津词典牛津词典) After the atck, they retuned to base.他们发动攻击之后返回了基地。他们发动攻击之后返回了基地。(2020.浙江浙江1月月) It was based on a number of large families.它是建立在许多大家庭的基础上的。它是建立在许多大家庭的基础上的。Many pictures have been based on simple geometricdesigns.许多画都是基于简单的几何图案。许多画都是基
2、于简单的几何图案。be based on 以以.为基础为基础;.为根据为根据on the basis of .的基础上的基础上;根据根据.单句填空单句填空(1)The film True Story, which is based a true story attracts fans attention all over the country.(2) (2019.全国全国I )Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants ( base) on how they typed, w
3、ith very low error rates.onbased 2. apologise vi.道歉道歉;谢罪谢罪 apology n. C & U道歉道歉;歉意歉意 Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldnt offer her more money. 王政王政向陈道歉向陈道歉，因为他不能给她更多的钱。，因为他不能给她更多的钱。 However, when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and
4、apologised. 然而，当她挂断电话时，她后悔自己处理电话的方式。所以她给扎然而，当她挂断电话时，她后悔自己处理电话的方式。所以她给扎克回电话并克回电话并道歉道歉。You must apologise to her for having kept her waiting.让她等了这么久，你应该为此向她表示让她等了这么久，你应该为此向她表示歉意歉意。基础探究基础探究apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 为为(做做.)向某人道歉向某人道歉accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉接受某人的道歉owe sb. an apology应该向某人表示歉意应该向
5、某人表示歉意make an apology to sb. for .为为.向某人道歉向某人道歉单句填空单句填空(1)I must apologize you for coming late.(2)I make no apology (to him) what I said.(3)He accepted the (apologize) with great generosity.toforapology3. ignore vt.忽视忽视;不理睬不理睬 ignorance n.无知，愚昧无知，愚昧 ignorant adj.无无知的，无学识的，愚昧的知的，无学识的，愚昧的 Also, while
6、listening dont ignore the speakerstone and intonation-these can be important clues too.同时，在听的时候不要忽视说话者的语气和语调同时，在听的时候不要忽视说话者的语气和语调-这些也是很重要这些也是很重要的线索。的线索。The driver ignored the traffic lights. 那个司机无视红绿灯。那个司机无视红绿灯。I cant ignore his rudeness any longer.我再也不能对他的粗鲁不闻不问了。我再也不能对他的粗鲁不闻不问了。ignorance of/about
7、对对.无知无知 单句填空单句填空(1)Its dangerous (ignore) traffic rules.(2)I am quite ignorant what they intend to do.(3)He speaks in a disordered manner，which betrays his shallowness and (ignore). to ignoreof/about ignorance4. in return 作为报答作为报答;作为回应作为回应;反过来反过来;作为交换作为交换(P51)When we help someone, should we expect t
8、o get something in return?当我们帮助别人时，我们是否应该期望得到回报当我们帮助别人时，我们是否应该期望得到回报?He helped me and I hoped that I would do something for him in return.他帮助了我他帮助了我,我希望为他做点什么来报答他。我希望为他做点什么来报答他。基础探究基础探究in turn逐一逐一;依次依次in turn for 作为对作为对.的回报，答谢的回报，答谢 完成句子完成句子(1)He gave her some roses her kindness.(2)He is always help
9、ing others without expecting anything .(3)The teacher told us to come in .in return forin return in turn5. judge v.判断判断;评价评价;评判评判 n.法官法官;审判员审判员;裁判员裁判员(P51) Should we judge people based on how muchmoney they have?我们应该根据人们有多少钱来评判他们吗我们应该根据人们有多少钱来评判他们吗?A man should be judged by his deds not his words.判断
10、一个人应根据他的行为，而不是他的言辞判断一个人应根据他的行为，而不是他的言辞!Judging by his acnthe must be from the South.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。基础探究基础探究judge. by.根据根据-判断判断judging by/from根据根据-判断判断(1)It is only shallow people who (根据根据.做出判断做出判断) appearances.(2) (从他说的情况来看从他说的情况来看)，they ought to succeed.judge byJudging from what h
11、e said 6. scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的戏剧或歌剧的)场场;现场现场;场面场面;景色景色;风景风景(牛津词典牛津词典)I got very nervous before my big scene.在演那场重头戏之前在演那场重头戏之前,我非常紧张。我非常紧张。They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.他们成了英国流行音乐界最热门的东西。他们成了英国流行音乐界最热门的东西。I think that sunrise is a beautiful scene. 我认为日出是一个美丽的景色。我认为日出是一个
12、美丽的景色。 This is the scene of the accident which happened last Sunday.这是上星期天事故发生的现场。这是上星期天事故发生的现场。基础探究基础探究on the scene在现场在现场come on the scene出现出现;到来到来;上场上场scene 指局部的或周围的环境、风景、景色，尤其与观看指局部的或周围的环境、风景、景色，尤其与观看 者看法有关，也可者看法有关，也可 指戏剧电影、小说等场景、布景指戏剧电影、小说等场景、布景view常指从远处或高处看到的常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，的一部分， 有时可与有时可
13、与scene互换互换scenery指某地总的指某地总的 自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色sight 既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者 的含义时，必须用复数的含义时，必须用复数用用scene、scenery、view、sight的适当形式填空的适当形式填空The of the village from the mountain is splendid. As we approached the vilge,we were astonished by the . It w
14、as completely different from the in big cities. Seeing the of my friends taking photos and admiring the beautiful happily,I was sure that this trip would be a good mermory forever.viewscenerysightsscenesscenery7.(P52)About a month ago, I was sailing,and towards night I found myself carried out to se
15、a by a strong wind.(1)翻译翻译: .find十宾语十十宾语十 (介词短语、形容词、名词或分词介词短语、形容词、名词或分词)意为意为“发现某发现某人人/某物某物. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost forwords.甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己词汇匮乏。甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己词汇匮乏。(2018北京北京). they were shocked to find two policemen standing next to it .他们很惊讶地发现，两个警察就站在它旁边。他们很惊讶地发现，两个
16、警察就站在它旁边。But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.但是，下次你发现自己处于陌生人中间时，就会认为闲聊是很值得的。但是，下次你发现自己处于陌生人中间时，就会认为闲聊是很值得的。大约一个月前，我在海上航行，快到黄昏的时候，我发现自己被大约一个月前，我在海上航行，快到黄昏的时候，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了海上一阵大风刮到了海上宾语补足语宾语补足语基础探究基础探究(1)find + it 十十adj. 十十to do sth.觉得做某事觉
17、得做某事.find + sb/ sth doing发现某人发现某人/物在物在.表示主动或正在进行表示主动或正在进行)find sb/ sth done发现某人发现某人/物物.(表示被动或状态表示被动或状态)find oneself in/ at.发觉自己在某处发觉自己在某处.(2)后面常接复合宾语的动词有后面常接复合宾语的动词有see、hear、 watch、notice、have等。等。单句填空单句填空(1)I found myself (surround)by a group of children full of curiosity.(2)Tom found himself (walk)
18、 in the direction of Mikes house.(3)I found it very ( challenge)to collect in-formation and use language correctly.surroundedwalkingchallenging8. spot vt.看见看见;注意到注意到;发现发现 n.地点地点;处所处所;斑点斑点;污渍污渍spotted adj.有斑点的有斑点的;有小圆点的有小圆点的 The next morning I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上第二天早上我被我被一艘船一艘船(上的人上的人)发现发现了。
19、了。 I ve just spotted a mistake on the front cover.我刚在封面上我刚在封面上发现一个错误发现一个错误。Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger? 哪一个有哪一个有斑点斑点，豹子还是老虎？，豹子还是老虎？He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. 他告诉我他向她求婚的他告诉我他向她求婚的确切地点确切地点。His jacket was covered with spots of mud.他的夹克上沾满了他的夹克上沾满了泥点泥
20、点。spot sb. doing. 发现某人正在发现某人正在.on the spot = on the scene 当场，在现场当场，在现场单句填空单句填空(1)He (spot) his old friend in the crowd at once yesterday.(2)He spotted his friend ( talk) with someone in the distance.(3)He answered the question the spot.(4)Climate change will fuel the growth of phyto plankton insome
21、areas, while reducing it in other ( spot), leading to changes in the oceans appearance.spottedtalkingonspots9. (P52)And it was the ship that brought you to England.(1)翻译翻译: . it was. that. 是是 句型句型.(1)强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。强调句子其他部分。强调句型多用于强调句子的主语、宾语和状语。句型多用于强调句子的主语、宾
22、语和状语。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分+ that/who+句子其他部分句子其他部分?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词(被强调部分被强调部分)+is/ was+it+that+句子其他部分句子其他部分?(4) not. until.结构的强调句型结构的强调句型:It is/was not until.that. 是那艘船把你带到了英国是那艘船把你带到了英国强调强调It was only when the the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw
23、Lily inthe passenger seat.直到汽车停在我们的房子前时，我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。直到汽车停在我们的房子前时，我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露她的吗是你把这个秘密泄露她的吗?Where was it that you met your parents?你是在什么地方见到你父母的你是在什么地方见到你父母的?用强调句型强调下列句子中的画线部分用强调句型强调下列句子中的画线部分(1)I didnt leave until he came. (2)Who does thi
24、s place belong to?(3)I wonder what you were doing at this timeyesterday.(4)He came to see us yesterday.It was not until he came that I left .Who is that this place belongs to ?I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday .It was yesterday that he came to see us .10. seek （sought 、
25、sought）vt.寻找寻找;寻求寻求;追寻追寻 seeker n.追寻者，追求者追寻者，追求者(P52)I went to the American consulate to seek help,but.我去美国领事馆寻求帮助我去美国领事馆寻求帮助,但但.They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。基础探究基础探究seek advice / help寻求建议寻求建议/帮助帮助seek sth from sb.向某人寻求某物向某人寻求某物seek to do sth.试图做某事试图做某
26、事seek ones fortune 寻求致富之道寻求致富之道seek after 寻求，追求寻求，追求单句填空单句填空(1) The Greens are seeking a solution to their financial problem.(2)We are seeking ( achieve) better results in the end of term examination.(3)It is right of you to seek help your parents when you meet with problems.forto achievefrom11.dare
27、 v. 胆敢胆敢;敢于敢于(P52)Anyway, I didnt dare to try again.无论如何，无论如何，我不敢再试了。我不敢再试了。She said it as loudly as she dared.她说得尽可能大声。她说得尽可能大声。He didnt dare to say what he thought.他不敢说出他的想法。他不敢说出他的想法。They darent ask for anymore money.他们不敢再要钱了。他们不敢再要钱了。dare to do sth. 敢做某事敢做某事dare sb. to do sth. 谅某人不敢做某事谅某人不敢做某事翻译
28、句子翻译句子(1)他不敢和她说话。他不敢和她说话。(2)她不敢朝他看。她不敢朝他看。(3)她问他有没有胆量跟着她跳水。她问他有没有胆量跟着她跳水。(4)我看你敢不敢请她跳舞。我看你敢不敢请她跳舞。He didnt dare to speak to her. / He dared not speak to her.She did not dare to look at him. /She dared not look at him.She dared him to dive after her.I dare you to ask her to dance. 12. patience n.耐心耐心
29、;忍耐力忍耐力;毅力毅力 patient adj.有耐心的有耐心的 (牛津词典牛津词典) People have lost patience with the slowpace of reform.人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐性。人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐性。(2019.江苏江苏) With their patience and efforts, they sucessfully developed a combination of artificial breeding(人工繁殖人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. 在他们的耐心和努力下在他们的耐心和努力下,他们成
30、功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合在一起。他们成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合在一起。You must have the patience to do some changes to achieve the final goal.你必须有耐心做一些改变以实现最终目标。你必须有耐心做一些改变以实现最终目标。If you dont stop making that noise now,Ill be/get out of patience with you!你要是再不停止吵闹你要是再不停止吵闹,我可要发火了我可要发火了!have patience with .对对.耐心耐心be/get out of pat
31、ience with= lose patience with.失去耐心失去耐心be patient with .有耐心有耐心 单句填空单句填空(1)He is just a small child,so you must be (patience) with him.(2) Teachers should be (patience) in explaining texts.(3)- You see,Bob is a little slow in understanding. - So I have to be patient him.patientpatientwith13. be about
32、 to do sth. 即将或正要做某事即将或正要做某事(P52)I was about to go get the letter.我正要去拿信。我正要去拿信。We are about to start.我们就要开始了。我们就要开始了。I was about to say that when you said it.我正要说那件事我正要说那件事,这时你说出来了。这时你说出来了。(1)表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。The new school year is about to begin.新学年即将开始。新学年即将开始。(2)在含有在含有be
33、 about to do的句子中，不能再加时间状语。的句子中，不能再加时间状语。医疗队就要出发了。医疗队就要出发了。The medical teamis about to start immediately. ( )The medical team is about to start. ( ) 完成句子完成句子(1)The train and I was not even on the platform.火车就快开了，可我还没到站台。火车就快开了，可我还没到站台。(2)I when the telephone rang.我正要睡觉我正要睡觉,电话响了。电话响了。was about to lea
34、vewas about to go to14. indicate vt. & vi.表明表明;显示显示vt.象征象征;暗示暗示 indication n.迹象迹象;表示表示;标示标示(P53) This implied meaning often indicates peoplesfelingsattitudes,or motives.这种言外之意常常表明人物的情感、态度和动机。这种言外之意常常表明人物的情感、态度和动机。A red sky at night often indicates fine weather thenext day.夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。夜空呈红色往
35、往预兆第二天天气晴朗。She took out a map and indicated the quickest routeto us.她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的路线。她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的路线。Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.研究表明，饮食习惯正迅速改变。研究表明，饮食习惯正迅速改变。基础探究基础探究indicate sth象征象征/表明表明/标志标志.indicate sth to sb 向某人指出向某人指出;向某人表示向某人表示indicate that.示意示意;预示预示indicate
36、 wh-从句从句 表明表明;指出指出单句填空单句填空(1)There are a lot of signs (indicate) men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.(2) There are clear ( indicate) that the economy is improving.(3)In his letter he indicated us that he was willing to cooperate.indicatingindicationsto15 .postpone v.延迟延迟;延期延期;延缓延缓(P
37、53)They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about, but he had to postpone opening it unil 2 olock.他们说，里面的信会解释清楚这一切是怎么回事他们说，里面的信会解释清楚这一切是怎么回事,但是他要推迟到两点钟才能但是他要推迟到两点钟才能打开它。打开它。Well have to postpone the meeting until nextweekbecause of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们不得不把会议推迟到下周。由于天气不好，我们不得不把会
38、议推迟到下周。It has been decided that the meeting should be postponed till next Saturday.我们已经决定将会议延期到下星期六。我们已经决定将会议延期到下星期六。基础探究基础探究postpone sth推迟某事推迟某事postpone doing sth推迟做某事推迟做某事单句填空单句填空(1) He decided (postpone) the expedition until the following day.(2)Lets postpone (make) a decision unilwe have more in
39、fromation.to postponemaking16. in case以防以防;以防万一以防万一(牛津词典牛津词典) Youd better take the keys in case Im out.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。(2019.江苏江苏)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assis.医生把他的电话号码告诉病人，以防他们需要医疗救助医生把他的电话号码告诉病人，以防他们需要医疗救助.You probably wont need t
40、o call-but take my number , just in case .你也许不需要打电话了你也许不需要打电话了-但记下我的号码，以防万一但记下我的号码，以防万一.基础探究基础探究in case of 以免以免;以防以防in any case无论如何无论如何;总之总之in no case在任何情形下决不在任何情形下决不(放在句首句子放在句首句子部分倒装部分倒装)in that case既然那样既然那样:假若是那样的话假若是那样的话单句填空单句填空(1)Ill be out for some time, In case anything important (happen) , ca
41、ll me up immediately.(2) is often the case, she is punctual.(3) Today, well discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. happensAswhere单句填空单句填空.1.A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ( base)on trust and existing relationships.2.You also
42、need (judge) the quality and depth of your motivation.3. Without delay, I called to thank her. She said she (spot) my wallet on a bus seat.4. He carried on, ( ignore) interruptions from the defense lawyer.5. He wrote the letter with the (intend) of asking for some advice.6. You are the one who must
43、decide what (pursue) and in what direction to aim your life.7.I presented John with a picture, and he gave me his photograph return.8. Theres no reason to be disappointed. matter of fact, this could be rather amusing.9. Take your raincoat case it rains.10. Colin was about (get) off the camel when a
44、child ran towards him.is based to judge spotted ignoring intention to persue in As in to getII.完成句子完成句子1.I that we would win the football match.我打赌我们会赢了那场足球赛。我打赌我们会赢了那场足球赛。2. ,we have developed quite a number of newmarkets for our product recenly.实际上实际上,我们近来已经为我们的产品开发了我们近来已经为我们的产品开发了.3.I found the k
45、ey when I was cleaning the room.我在打扫房间时，偶然找到了钥匙我在打扫房间时，偶然找到了钥匙.4. ,I dont like the course,but I must take it.坦白地说，我不喜欢这门课，但我不得不修。坦白地说，我不喜欢这门课，但我不得不修。5. I must trust you to keep this secret.那就是我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。那就是我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。6. Theyve done to help her.他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助她。他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助她。7. I h
46、eard while we were having dinner.我们吃晚饭的时候，听到了有人进来。我们吃晚饭的时候，听到了有人进来。made a betAs a matter of factby accident To be honestThats whywhat they can someoneIII.语法填空语法填空The tale was set in London in 1903. The two brothers had been arguing for a couple of days and had decided to make bet which would settle
47、their (argue). They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry, an American, who ( rescue) in the sea by accident. (lose) in London and having no money,he (wander) in London streets, ( hunger). He (invite) to step into a house by two rich brothers. (feel) upset with the brothers when they seemed too happy about his bad luck, Henry was given an envelope money in it and asked to postpone _ _ (open) it until two oclock.aargumentwas rescuedLostwas wanderinghungrywas invited Feelingwithopening
