1、1BOOK 2 Unit 2Morals and Virtues1. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关帮助某人渡过难关*These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried herthrough a life of hard choices.*Thats my study plan for the summer holidays,and Ill try my best to carry it out.*Only when
2、 you are in good health can you carry on studying.【词块积累】【词块积累】carry through完成完成; 进行到底进行到底carry out执行执行, 实行实行; 贯彻贯彻; 实现实现carry on开展开展; 维持维持; 继续继续carry forward继承继承, 弘扬弘扬【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空。(1)The activity is aimed at carrying _ the Chinese traditional culture.(2)We should carry _ the plan strictly and c
3、arefully.(3)We hope that more artists will carry _ and develop the folk art.(4)It was my mother that carried me _ my hard time in middle school.2. majority n. 大部分大部分; 大多数大多数*(2020 新高考全国卷)However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 然而,*Only a minority of people in
4、that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in themajority.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)a/the majority of. . .大多数大多数be in the majority占大部分占大部分/大多数大多数(2)minorityn. 少数少数; 少数派少数派/人人be in the minority占少数占少数【名师点津】the/a majority of+名词, 表示“大多数”, 谓语动词的数与 of 后面的名词保持一致; the majority 单独作主语时, 谓
5、语动词用单复数均可。The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的破损很容易修复。【即学活用】(1)WeChat is to the taste of _,especially the youth. 微信符合大多数人的胃口, 尤其是年轻人。(2)I believe that students supporting me are _. 我相信支持我的学生占多数。(3)On the other hand,_students are opposed to it. 另一方面, 少数学生反对它。3. complain vi. &vt.抱怨抱怨
6、; 发牢骚发牢骚*My father is very brave,hard-working,responsible and most importantly he never complains.*September is around the corner,and some of us are already complaining about summers end.*I have to make a complaint about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)complain
7、 to sb.向某人抱怨向某人抱怨, 发牢骚发牢骚complain about sth.抱怨某事抱怨某事2(2)complaintn. 投诉投诉, 抱怨抱怨, 怨言怨言make a complaint about抱怨抱怨【即学活用】语法填空。(1)He phoned a newspaper reporter to complain _ the reporters story.(2)Jane is my best friend and I can complain _ her when I am unhappy.(3)(2020江苏高考)Some peopleand I was one of t
8、hembelieve that humorous _(complain) aboutthe little problems of life make humor.4. respond vt. 回答回答; 回复回复 vi. 做出反应做出反应; 回应回应*She responded,“Id rather stay single to study all my life! ”*With the help of his teammate,the operator responded immediately to the accident.*The retired man contributed man
9、y books to the poor children in response to my request.*She made no response to my question,which made me very angry.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)respond to对对做出回应或反应做出回应或反应(2)responsen. 回答回答, 答复答复; 反应反应in response to响应响应; 答复答复make (a) response to回答回答, 对对做出回应做出回应【即学活用】(1)语法填空。I prefer to respond _ e-mails that I r
10、eceive right when I get to work.I am writing in _(respond) to the position as a volunteer advertised on the Internet.(2)We would appreciate it _. 如能即刻回复, 我们将不胜感激。5. appoint vt.任命任命; 委派委派*In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of thePUMC
11、Hospital.*We appointed him to be president of the club.*We are considering appointing him to act as a secretary.*I left early because I had an appointment later that day.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)appoint sb. as/to be . . .任命某人为任命某人为appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn. 任命任命; 约会约会make an appointm
12、ent with sb.与某人约会与某人约会have an appointment with sb.与某人有约会与某人有约会keep/break an appointment守守/违约违约【即学活用】(1)I wont be able to _to discuss traditional Chinese paintings with you.我无法守约和你讨论中国传统绘画。(2)It made sense to _it. 任命一位女性处理这件事是合理的。(3)用 appoint 的正确形式填空。Whenever you make _with others,make sure you have
13、understood all the details and try to getthere a few minutes before the_ time.6. tend vt. 照顾照顾; 照料照料 vi. 倾向倾向; 趋于趋于3*She was more interested in tending patients and publishing medical research.*His views tend towards the extreme.*He tends to lose his temper when he hears bad news.*It is said that wo
14、men tend to live longer than men.*She had a tendency to talk fast when she was nervous.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)tend to do/be. . .容易容易/易于易于/趋向趋向tend (to) sb. /sth.照顾照顾/护理护理/看护看护(2)tendencyn.趋向趋向; 倾向倾向have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做倾向于做; 喜欢做喜欢做There is a tendency towards/to (do) sth.有一种有一种的趋势的趋势/倾向倾向【即学活用】(1)语法
15、填空。While I hate to admit it,people always tend _(judge) a person by his or her appearance initially.There is a slow _(tend)that “the beat culture” is popular with the youths in China.(2)Im writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang _in the hospital.我写信真诚地感谢在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士。7. scared adj. 害怕的害怕的; 对
16、对感到惊慌或恐惧的感到惊慌或恐惧的*She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.*(2019全国卷) The gun shots had scared the dog off.*We are always facing the problem of scaring birds away from airport runways.*Theres nothing in school that can make you scared.
17、 Cheer yourself up.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)scare away/off吓走吓走, 吓跑吓跑be scared to death吓得要死吓得要死(2)scaredadj. 害怕的害怕的; 对对感到惊慌或恐惧的感到惊慌或恐惧的be scared of sb. /sth.害怕某人害怕某人/某事某事be scared to do sth.不敢去做某事不敢去做某事(3)scaryadj. 可怕的可怕的; 恐怖的恐怖的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。When I had my first exam,I failed in it and felt so _(scare)that I e
18、ven didnt want to go to schoolagain. She was scared _ death at the sight of a snake.(2) _is that Im going to study in a strange place. 最让我害怕的是我要去一个陌生的地方学习。 (3)She _walking alone at night. 她害怕晚上一个人走路。8. replace vt. 接替接替; 取代取代; 更换更换*The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect som
19、eone to replace the secretary.*Its not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.*Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.*The librarian asked me to replace the book on the shelf after reading.【词块积累】【词块积累】replace A with/by B用用 B 替换替换 Areplace sth.+prep. /adv.把某物
20、放回原处把某物放回原处【小词汇大文化】4To hide a fault with a lie is to replace a blot by a hole.用谎言掩盖错误, 等于挖一个洞除掉污渍。(这一谚语说明说谎不可取)【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Vinod Khosla suggests that we get rid of 80% of doctors and replace them_robots.(2)Old books are like old friends. Once lost,they can never _(replace).7. To a person nothing i
21、s more precious than their life,and if they entrust me with that life,how couldI refuse that trust, saying Im cold, hungry, or tired?【句式解构】本句中使用了“否定词+谓语动词+比较级”表示最高级的用法。这种结构中的常用否定词还有 no,not,never,nobody,hardly,seldom 等。*I have never seen a better film.*No one can be more careful than she is.*How did
22、your interview go? I couldnt feel better about it!【知识延伸】表示最高级意义的常用表达法:否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as*Nothing is easier than this.【即学活用】(1)I _than this. 我从未读过这么好的书。(2)I can tell you that there is _being praised by my teacher before my classmates.我可以告诉你在同学面前被老师赞扬是最好的事了。(3)一句多译。They think _rea
23、ding books in the original. (用比较级)They think reading books in the original is _thing. (用最高级)他们认为读原版书是最快乐的事。10. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYNdepartment of the PUMC Hospital. 她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。【句式解构】句中不
24、定式 to be hired 作定语, 修饰 the first woman, 与 the first woman 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时, 常用不定式作后置定语。*It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.【知识延伸】英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有:(1)被修饰词前有 the only, the very, the next 等词时。*The next thing to do is to relax yourself completely
25、.(2)抽象名词 time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity 等后常用不定式作定语。*I had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month.(3)不定代词 something, nothing, little 等后常用不定式作定语。*I have something important to tell you.【名师点津】(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词, 不定式后面就要有必要的介词。(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出, 则不定式应使用被动语态。*She has on
26、ly a little room to live in. *I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to yourson?【即学活用】(1)语法填空。For a student,studying is the first thing _(consider)while appearance is the second.Lincoln was the first president _(pass) laws to stop slavery.(2)一句多译。5She is always the first _
27、. (用不定式作定语)She is always the first _. (定语从句) 她总是第一个回答问题。11. dilemma n. 进退两难的境地进退两难的境地; 困境困境*A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.*Which choice to take will possibly put some people into a dilemma.*She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school
28、or get a job.【词块积累】【词块积累】put sb. into a dilemma使某人陷入困境使某人陷入困境in a dilemma处于困境中处于困境中【即学活用】(1)It is beneficial to some people, while it _over whether to vote or not.它对某些人有益处, 但会使其他人就是否投票陷入困境。(2) I am caught _when choosing a major for myself.当为我自己选择一个专业的时候我陷于困境之中。(3) He _of whether or not to return to
29、his country.他正面临着要不要回国的两难境地。12. reject vt. 拒绝接受拒绝接受; 不录用不录用*Dr Lin,however, rejected the offer.*They rejected his application for membership.*My teacher rejected my excuse for being late.*I applied but they rejected me.【易混辨析】reject,refusereject常用于正式场合, 后面常接名词, 不接不定式refuse普通用词, 后接双宾语、 名词或不定式, 不接不定式的复
30、合宾语和宾语从句【即学活用】选词填空refuse, reject(1)He kept silent and _ to go to a clinic.(2)I have been _ by all the universities I applied to. 。13. elect vt. 选举选举, 推选推选*In 1954,she was elected to the first National Peoples Congress.*Owing to his great work,Mandela was elected(as/to be) President of South Africa.【
31、词块积累】【词块积累】(1)elect sb. to be/as. . .选举某人为选举某人为elect to do sth.选择做某事选择做某事(2)electionn. 选举选举; 推选推选; 当选当选【即学活用】(1)语法填空。All the students who want to enter for the _ (elect)will give a self-introduction.The artist must elect _(fight)for freedom or slavery.(2)He _(被选为)a civilian leader of the country las
32、t year.614. The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.新中国成立见证了林巧稚医生发挥的重要作用。新中国成立见证了林巧稚医生发挥的重要作用。【句式解构】句中 see 在此处的主语为物, 意为“见证; 目睹”, 是一种拟人的用法, 可使语言变得生动。see,find等动词表示在某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事, 可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语。*The stone bridge saw many changes of this city.*The past 30 years hav
33、e seen the great changes that have taken place in my hometown.*The dusk found a little girl crying in the street.【小词汇大文化】Four eyes see more than two. 集思广益。(这一贴切的比喻启示我们多合作。)【即学活用】(1)The city _many changes. 城市历经了许多变化。(2)They came to the corner which _. 他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。(3) _the founding of the Peop
34、les Republic of China. 1949 年是中华人民共和国成立的一年。15. whisper vi. &vt. 悄声说悄声说; 耳语耳语; 低语低语 n. 耳语耳语(声声); 低语低语(声声); 传言传言; 谣传谣传*What are you two whispering about over there?*They sat at the back of the room at midnight,talking in whispers.*It was whispered that our headteacher would get a promotion.【词块积累】【
35、词块积累】whisper to sb.对某人耳语对某人耳语in a whisper=in whispers=in a low voice耳语地耳语地; 低声地低声地whisper sth. in ones ear在某人耳旁小声说某事在某人耳旁小声说某事It is/was whispered that. . .据秘密传闻据秘密传闻【即学活用】语法填空。(1)“You can come if you like. ” he said _ a whisper.(2)When I came in,I found two students _(whisper)to each other.(3)He _Pa
36、ul for permitting him to be a part of the project.对于允许他成为这个项目的一分子, 他悄悄地对保罗说了声“谢谢”。16. assist vt. 帮助帮助; 援助援助*(2020新高考全国卷)We really should do something to assist them.*I am willing to assist you with your Mandarin.=I am willing to assist you to learn your Mandarin.=I am willing to assist you in learni
37、ng your Mandarin.*The charity aims to provide scholarship assistance to people in need.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)assistancen. 援助援助; 帮助帮助come to ones assistance帮助某人帮助某人(2)assistantn. 助手助手; 助理助理; 售货员售货员【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Please feel free to ask if I am of further _(assist).Now Im writing to apply for a position worki
38、ng as a teaching _(assist)in your school.7Its very kind of you to assist the poor _ money.(2)The competition is intended to _healthy eating habits.这场比赛旨在帮助学生养成健康的饮食习惯。17. disguise vt. 装扮装扮; 假扮假扮; 掩盖掩盖 n. 伪装伪装; 化装用具化装用具*Her happy smile was only a disguise for her sadness.*They got in the building in
39、disguise as security guards.【词块积累】【词块积累】in disguise化了装地化了装地; 乔装改扮地乔装改扮地theres no disguising the fact that是掩盖不了的事实是掩盖不了的事实【小词汇大文化】A blessing in disguise. 因祸得福。(这一成语说明祸福相连)【即学活用】(1)I thought you were a policeman _. 我以为你是一个便衣警察。(2)_these are difficult times economically.现在是经济困难时期, 这是无法掩盖的事实。(3) She _a
40、man so she could fight on the battlefield. 她女扮男装, 这样她就能上战场了。18. harm n. & vt. 伤害伤害; 损害损害*Keep away from such things as you think will do you harm.*As is known to all,playing games online does harm to the younger generation.*There is no harm in saying sorry to her first.*Too much noise is harmful
41、 to pregnant women.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)do harm to sb. /sth. =do sb. /sth. harm对某人对某人/某物有害某物有害There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害做某事无害(2)harmfuladj. 有害的有害的be harmful to对对有害有害harmlessadj. 无害的无害的【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Eating and drinking too much and so on will surely do harm _ their health.(2)The air pollution is v
42、ery serious, so taking outdoor exercise may be _(harm) to our health.(3)I think this kind of behaviour is normal and _(harm).(4)As parents,they have responsibility to make sure we wont _(harm).19. After a while,a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head. 过了一会儿过了一会儿,一群女人走了
43、过来一群女人走了过来, 每人头上顶着一壶水。每人头上顶着一壶水。【句式解构】本句是一个简单句。句中本句是一个简单句。句中 each balancing a pot of water on her head 为独立主格结构为独立主格结构: 名词名词/代词代词+doing。*A lot of people start travelling around,their footprints covering almost every corner of the world.*All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.【名师点津】独立主格结构独立
44、主格结构由两部分组成, 前一部分是名词或者代词, 后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。*Steven walked slowly to the bus,his head down,tears in his eyes.*The work done,we went home.8【即学活用】(1) _, the sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning.如果天气允许的话, 运动会将在下周六早晨举行。(2) The workers worked still harder,
45、 _.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高, 他们工作更起劲了。(3) _, he didnt know what to say. 那个姑娘望着他, 他不知道说什么好。20. memory n. 记忆力记忆力; 回忆回忆*No memory is more painful than that of my primary school.*(2019江苏高考)He was losing his memory.*Legend holds that this festival is in memory of Qu Yuan,a great poet during the Warring States Peri
46、od.*To make the trip memorable,knowing some famous attractions ahead of time is necessary.【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)in memory of作为对作为对的纪念的纪念(2)memorableadj.值得纪念的值得纪念的; 值得回忆的值得回忆的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Before their departure, we took a group picture _ memory of this rewardingactivity.Visiting strange places and reading
47、good books will make your wintervacation a _(memory)experience.(2)The photos bring back _. 这些照片唤起了许多美好的回忆。21. tear n. 眼泪眼泪; 泪水泪水*She picked herself up and limped away in tears.*Otherwise,the last drop of water on the earth will be humans tear!【词块积累】【词块积累】(1)in tears流着泪流着泪, 含着泪含着泪burst into tears大哭起来
48、大哭起来(2)tearvt.撕开撕开, 撕裂撕裂tear apart撕开撕开, 撕碎撕碎【即学活用】(1)The mother of the boy was _and told us her story.男孩的母亲满含泪水, 向我们讲述着她的故事。(2)So Tomb-Sweeping Day is the day which _as well as laughter.因此, 清明节是既有泪水, 也有欢笑的日子。(3)When reading her story, I _several times.读到她的故事的时候, 我被感动地哭了好几次。22. despair n. 绝望绝望 vi. 绝望
49、绝望; 感到无望感到无望*The king was in despair.*He gave up the attempt in despair.*The boy in the kindergarten is the despair of all his teachers.*Never despair of success.【词块积累】(1)in despair处于绝望之中处于绝望之中the despair of sb.令某人毫无办法令某人毫无办法9(2)despair of sth.对对感到绝望或丧失信心感到绝望或丧失信心【即学活用】(1)I could do nothing but run
50、from his room _ despair.我无能为力, 只能绝望地从他的屋里跑开。(2)Trying to keep this garden in order is _my life.把这个花园管理好是我力不能及的事。(3)There are signs that many voters have already _ of politicians.有迹象表明, 许多选民对政客已经不抱希望。23. a great deal (of) 大量大量*Thanks to paper making and printing, a great deal of ancient information has been kept
