1、 About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. 大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。 句式分析 简单句，由并列连词and连接。 found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind是“find+宾语+宾补”结构。 “find复合结构”常见形式总结 I find this job (to be) very exciting. 我发现这份工作令人兴奋。 She
2、found Jack (to be) and honest man. 她发现杰克是个诚实的人。 总结 1 find+名词/代词+（to be+）形容词/副词/名词 “发现某人/某物是” to be 可以省略 He found a stranger in the room. 他发现屋里有个陌生人。 总结 2 find+名词/代词+介宾短语 He found a wallet lying on the ground. 他发现地上有一个钱包。 总结 3 find +名词/代词+doing “发现某人/某物一直” Doing可以表示主动和进行 He found his dog hidden in th
3、e bush. 他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。 总结 4 find +名词/代词+done “发现某人/某物被” done表示被动和完成 We found it hard to learn English grammer. 我们发现学英语语法很难。 总结 5 find it+ 形容词+ to do “发现做某事怎么样” It是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do 即学即练 On the way home, he found his pocket _(pick). He hurried to the store, only to find the door _(close). When he came
4、to himself, he found himself _(lie) in hospital. picked closed lying And it was the ship that brought you to England. 正是那艘船把你带到了英国。 句式分析 简单句。 使用了强调句型“it is/was that”.强调部分为 the ship 强调句型基本用法 1 基本结构 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他 2 被强调部分 主语，宾语和大部分状语 翻译句子并判断强调部分 It is I that/who am wrong. 是我错了。（强调主语I ） It
5、 was here that I lost my watch. 我是在这儿丢的手表。（强调地点状语here） It was yesterday that we attended a concert. 我们是昨天参加的音乐会。（强调时间状语yesterday） 强调句型特殊形式 1 一般疑问式 Was it Jam that/who bought the book? 买书的是吉姆吗？ 总结 Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他？ 2 特殊疑问式 What was it that he wants to see? 他究竟想看到什么？ 总结 特殊疑问词+is/was it tha
6、t +其他？ 3 not until强调式 It was not until yesterday that I knew it. 知道昨天我才知道此事。 总结 It is/was not until +that +其他. 练习：强调下列句子中的not until部分 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was _ that I _. not until she took off her dark glassesrealized she was a famous fi
7、lm star 提示 1 若被强调部分是主语，that/who后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应该与原句主语一致。 It is I that/who am wrong. 是我错了。 2 强调句型判断 将句子中的it is/wasthat/who去掉，剩余的部分依然能组成一个完整的句子。 判断下列句子是否强调句型 It was at 11:28 that the terrible earthquake broke out. It was 11:28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.强调句型强调句型时间状语从句时间状语从句 填空 It was with th
8、e help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued. _ was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. thatIt If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I dont think its very funny. 如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可一点儿也不觉得好笑。 句式分析 主从复合句 If this is your idea of some kind of joke是if引导的条件状语从句 主句是I dont think， 后
9、面的its very funny是省略了that 的宾语从句。 主句I dont think its very funny用了否定转移。 否定转移常见用法 1 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中。 即主句谓语动词用否定式，从句谓语动词用肯定式。 翻译句子，注意主句和从句中的肯定和否定 I dont think I can remember the 100 words within two hours. 我想我不能在俩小时内记住这100个单词。 I dont suppose that he likes it
10、. 我想他不喜欢它。 2 含有否定转移的句子变反意疑问句 （1） 若主句主语是第一人称，则简短问句中的主谓语应与宾语从句中的主谓语保持一致。 （2） 若主句主语不是第一人称，则简短问句中的主谓语应与主句中的主谓语保持一致。 注意：简短问句的谓语一律用肯定式。 看例句，体会反义疑问句。 I dont think that he is interested in that thing, is he? You dont imagine he passed the exam, do you? 练习 I dont think anyone can finish the experiemnt, _? ca
11、n they You cant open it until two oclock. 直到两点你才能打开它。 句式分析 简单句。 使用了 “notuntil”句型，意为“直到才” Not until用法 1 基本结构 否定结构的主句+until+名词（短语）/从句 “直到才” 当主句为否定句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。 He wont go to bed until she returns. 直到她回来他才会去睡觉。 2 强调句结构 It is/was not until +that +剩余部分。 It was not until you told me that I had any
12、idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。 3 倒装句结构 Not until +名词（短语）/从句+倒装主句。 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。练习 It was not until he was twenty _ he began to learn English. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ he consider having a holiday abroad. that did 一 But now t
13、hat you are here, I dont have to. 但是，既然你在这儿，我就不必了。 句式分析 主从复合句 主句 I dont have to。now that you are here是now that 引导的原因状语从句。 now that “既然” Now that the children have left home, weve got a lot of extra space. 既然孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了（有更大空间）。 Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然你
14、已经完成你的工作了，你最好休息一下。 易混辨析 now that “既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，that可以省略 because 表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用why引导的问句 Since“既然”表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。可与now that 互换 as “由于”表示显而易见或者已经为人所知的原因,语气比because弱 for “因为” 补充说明的理由。并列连词连词。引导分句，不能置于句首 提示 Although/though不能与but 连用， because不能与so连用， since、now that引导原因状语从句时，不能与so连用1 Now _ we
15、 failed this time, we should draw some useful lessons from it.2 -why didnt you phone me last night? -_ I didnt wanted to disturbed you.3 It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet.4 _ he wasnt ready in time, we went without him. that Because for As 二 Then he folds the bill and slowly unfold
16、s it again, as if looking at something he cant believe is there. 然后，他折起钞票，又慢慢地把它展开，就好像看到了什么他不敢相信的东西。 句式分析 主从复合句。 主句he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again 状语从句as if looking at something he cant believe is there是省略形式 省略了主语和be动词he is 状语从句的省略 适用从句：时间、地点、条件、方式、让步状语从句 省略条件：从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句的谓
17、语动词含有be动词 While (they were) building the tunnel, the workers discovered an underground lake. 建隧道时，工人们发现了一个地下湖。 Unless (you are ) asked to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting. 开会时，除非让你发言，否则你应当保持沉默。 Even if (I am ) invited, I wont go. 即使被邀请，我也不去。 When (she was) very young, she began to lear
18、n to play the piano. 她很小就开始学习钢琴了。 状语从句省略口诀 时，条，让，方，地；主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜； 从句主语是it,省去its也可以 While _(swim) in the river, he saw a strange animal. You will never gain success unless fully _ (devote) to your work. Be devoted to sth 沉迷于某事物 He is devoted to his work. swimming devoted 三 I remember thinking th
19、at never would I hold such a note as this 记得当时我以为我（手里）永远不会握着这样一张钞票 句式分析 主从复合句 主句 I remember thinking 宾语从句 never would I hold such a note as this 是倒装句 ，正常语序I would never hold such a note as this 否定或半否定意义的词语位于句首时引起的部分倒装 表示否定或者半否定意义的词语： not until, nowhere, nor, neither, not, never, seldom, hardly, rare
20、ly, little, by no means, in no way, under no circumstances, at no time 部分倒装/半倒装：助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+动词原形（不含be动词）+其他 I dont know when to leave. Nor does he. 我不知道什么时候离开。他也不知道。 Not a single tree can we see on the hill. 在山上，我们看不到一棵树。 Never have I heard or seen such a thing. 我从未听过或看过这样的事情。 Seldom does he co
21、me recently. 最近他很少来。 Hardly could she believe her own eyes. 她几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。 Rarely have I seen such a bright moon. 我很少看到这么明亮的月亮。 Nowhere was the key to be found. 到处找不到钥匙。 By no means shall I change the plan. 我绝不改变计划。 Under no circumstances should we give up hope. Not until a week later did he learn th
22、e news. He didnt learn the news until a week later. It was not until a week later that he learned the news. 其他部分倒装的情况 1 “only+状语或状语从句”置于句首，主句部分倒装。 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again. 只有他为他的粗鲁行为道歉时，我才会和他说话。 2 “so/suchthat”中so/such置于句首时。主句半倒装 So wonderful was the film t
23、hat everyone was deeply moved. 这部电影太棒了，我们每个人为之感动。 3 no sooner than; hardly/scarcelywhen.中no sooner和hardly/scarcely置于句首，主句半倒装 No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep. 他一闭上眼睛就睡着了。 4 not onlybut also引导并列分句，not only置于句首，后面的分句半倒装 Not only does he do well in his study, but also he often helps
24、 others with their lessons. 他不仅学习出色，还常常帮助其他人的功课。 5 引导让步状语从句时： as 引导的从句必须倒装 though引导的可倒装，可不倒装 结构 表语、状语、动词原形+as/though+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词 Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after a long journey. 虽然晚上很热，但因为长途旅行后很累，我们睡的很沉。 Young though she is, she has travelled so many coun
25、tries. 虽然她很年轻，但是她旅行过很多国家。 1 Only if you keep a balanced diet _ _ _ _(你才能保持健康). 2 Can I use the telephone on the table, Sir? -Under no circumstances _ _ _ _ _ (任何人不能使用) the telephone in the office for personal affairs. 3 _ _ _ _(人们一点也不知道) that he achieved such outstanding grades in the exam because h
26、a had stayed up late learning hard for long. can you stay healthy is anyone allowed to use Little did people know 四 You have to wait a long time to get paid. 你得等很长时间才能拿到钱。 句式分析 简单句。 to get paid是动词不定式作目的状语。 get paid是“get+过去分词”构成的短语 “get+过去分词”常见于以下两种情况 1 谈论某人或者某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故 He got kil
27、led when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被撞死了。 Her skirt got torn on a nail. 她的裙子被钉子挂破了。 2 谈论设法或者终于做到令人称心的事。说话者带有强烈的感情色彩。 She got paid before she went on a holiday. 她在度假前（设法）领导了工资。 In the end, he got admitted into Beijing University. 他终于被北京大学录取了。 Get +过去分词 get lost get divorced get separated get dressed get engaged get punished get washed get paid get married get drunk 迷路 离婚 被分开 穿衣服 订婚 受惩罚 洗脸 得到报酬 结婚 喝醉 Her car got _(stick) in the mud and couldnt move. stuck
