1、学习目标 1 单词掌握 会读会拼 2 理解例句 3 固定搭配 basis n. 原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础 His research formed the basis of his new book. 他的研究成果是他这本书的依据。 Their view had no basis in fact. 他们的观点没有事实依据。 We judge a worker on the basis of his performance. 我们根据工作表现来评价一个工人。 on the basis of 在的基础上；根据 辨析 basis n.指非物质方面的基础 base n. 指物质方面的基础 vt
2、. 以为据点（或总部等）；以为根据 be based on 基于 basic adj. 基本的；基础的 填空 the economic _ 经济基础（抽象） the _ of a building 建筑物的基础（具体） We drew this conclusion _ the basis of experiments.basebasis on apologise vi 道歉，谢罪 I think you should apologise to your brother. 我觉得你应该给你弟弟陪个不是。 We apologise for the late departure of this f
3、light. 本航班起飞延迟，谨致歉意。 I apologised to her for stepping on her foot carelessly. 我因不小心踩了她的脚向她道歉。 apologise to sb for (doing) sth 为做了某事向某人道歉 拓展 apology n. 道歉，赔罪 make an apology to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse ones apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe(欠某人的债；应当给予) sb an apology 应向某人道歉 Bill was _ _ his frie
4、nd _ having kept her waiting for a long time. 比尔因为让他朋友等了很长时间正在道歉呢。 I _ _ _ _ my host and left early. 我向主人道过歉后提早离去。 Please _ my sincere _. 请接受我真诚地歉意。 apologising to for made an apology to accept apology ignore vt. 忽视；对不予理会 Me advice was completely ignored. 我的建议完全被忽视了。 I made a suggestion but they cho
5、se to ignore it. 我提了个建议，但是他们不予理会。 总结 忽略某人/某事 ignore sb/sth 拓展 ignorant adj. 无知的；不知道的 be ignorant of/about sth 不知道 that+从句 ignorance n. 无知，愚昧 be in ignorance of/about sth 不知道 The worker were kept in complete ignorance of the companys financial situation. 公司对工人隐瞒财务状况，他们对财务的事情一无所知。 Im afraid Im rather
6、ignorant about computers. 恐怕我对电脑一无所知。 She saw him coming but she _ him. 她看见他走来，但没有理睬他。 He is _ _ farm life. He is _ _ _ farm life. 他对农庄生活一无所知。 ignored ignorant of/about in ignorance of/about judge vt&vi 评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员 You should never judge a person by his look. 绝不要以貌取人。 Judging from what
7、 she said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。 judge sb/sth from/by 从来判断某人/某事 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 judging by/from 从上看；根据判断 judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力 in ones judgement 依某人看来 judge sb/sth from/by 从来判断某人/某事 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as fa
8、r as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 judging by/from 从上看；根据判断 judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力 in ones judgement 依某人看来 注意 judging by/from在句中常作独立状语，不受句子主语的影响和限制，表达的意义是说话人的看法或者判断，类似的用法还有generally speaking（一般来说）, frankly speaking(坦白说) Dont _ a book _ its cover. 不要以貌取人。 _ _ his accent, he must be a southerner. 根据他的口音判断，他
9、一定是个南方人。 He _ _ _ _ the best actor of this year. 他被评为今年的最佳男演员。 judge by/from Judging from /by was judged to be scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色 This play has three acts, and each act has three scenes. 这部剧分三幕，每一幕有三场。 She witnessed some very distressing scenes. 她目睹过一些令人非常痛苦的场面。 Would you like to enjoy the
10、scene in the mountains with me? 你愿意与我一起欣赏山区的风光吗？ the scene of the crime 犯罪现场 behind the scenes 暗中，秘密地，在幕后 (come) on the scene 出现；到场；在场 set the scene (for) （为）做好准备，（为）设置舞台 辨析 scenery 不可数名词，指某地总的自然风景或景色总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。 scene 可数名词，指展现在眼前的或某一特定环境中的情景，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内；也可指现场或戏剧中的一幕现场或戏剧中的一幕。 sight 特指眼前看
11、到的景观，多指人工人工的事物；表示“名胜，风景名胜，风景”时，必须用复数sights view 常指从远处或者高处远处或者高处看到的景色。 用scenery, scene, view 和sight完成语段 Every year, plenty of people go to see the _ of Beijing. This summer vacation my parents also decided to take me there. On the way to Beijing, we stopped our car again and again to enjoy the _. Aft
12、er arriving in Beijing, we lived at the 13th floor of a hotel from whose window we had a better _ of the city. We did have a good time in Beijing. But on the way back home, we saw the _ of an accident, so my mother and I kept reminding my father to drive with caution.sights scenery view scenecautiou
13、sly spot vt. 看见，注意到，发现 n.地点，处所，斑点，污迹 Ive just spotted a mistake on the front cover. 我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。 There was a big damp spot on the wall. 墙上有一大块水渍。 We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot. 我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。 spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 on the spot 在现场；当场；立即 in a spot 处于困境 be spott
14、ed with 满是斑点；点缀着 判断spot的含义 The floor was spotted with paint, which made him embrassed. Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove. I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake. Fortunately, a man made an offer to take him around the different spots.弄脏弄脏斑点；污点斑点；
15、污点发现发现地点；场所地点；场所 sort n.种类；类别 What sort of music do you like best, pop or classical? 你喜欢哪种音乐，流行还是古典？ We talked of all sorts of subjects. 我们谈了各种话题。 These sorts of people are ready to eat everywhere. 这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。 sort of 有点；在某种程度上 all sorts of=of all sorts 各种各样的 a sort of 一种；可以说是的东西 sort v. 分类；整理 so
16、rt out 分类；整理；解决；处理 sort into把整理成 Quickly sort them all out. 快把它们分类捡出来。 I sorted the books into big ones and small ones. 我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。 We must sort out the good apples from the bad. 咱们得把好苹果捡出来，与坏的分开。 辨析“种类” sort 指大体相似的东西，有时用于贬义判断 kind 同种类的东西 type 同类型的东西 species 同物种的东西 patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；毅力 She has
17、 been out of patience with his rudeness. 她已经对他的粗鲁忍无可忍了。 I dont have the patience to do jigsaw puzzles. 我没有耐心玩拼图游戏。 I had no patience with these naughty children. 我对这些淘气的孩子没有耐心了。 have the patience to do sth 做某事有耐心 have/lose patience with 对有/失去耐心 with patience =patiently 耐心地 patient adj.耐心的，能忍受的 n.病人
18、be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 impatient adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的 impatience n.不耐烦 我耐心地向国际学生解释关于如何泡茶的所有步骤。 I _ explained all the steps to the international students on how to make tea. I explained all the steps to the international students _ _on how to make tea. with patiencepatiently beneath adv&prep 在/往下面；
19、在的表面下面 Jo enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet. 乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。 He was standing on the bridge looking at the river beneath. 他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。 辨析“下方；下面” beneath “在正下方”，两者接触，与on相对 below 不强调正下方，两者不接触，与above相对 under 强调正下方，两者不接触，与over相对 I could see the muscles of his shoulders _ his T-shirt. bene
20、ath nowhere adv. 无处；哪里都不 This animal is found in Australia, and nowhere else. 这种动物生长在澳大利亚，别处没有。 思维拓展 get/go nowhere 毫无进展 nowhere to be found/seen 哪儿也找不到/看不到 nowhere in sight 不可能看见 get sb nowhere （让某人）毫无进展 填空 Nowhere _ (do) we suggest that this ships features were unique. 解析 表示否定的词或词组置于句首时，主句半倒装，即将主句
21、中的助动词、be动词、情态动词等提于主语前。 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.did hug v.n.拥抱；抱紧 She gave a hug to her daughter and put her to bed. 她拥抱了一下女儿，然后把她放到床上。 The old friends hugged when they met. 老朋友重逢时拥抱在一起。 填空 He gave me _ hug at the airport. a hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑，顾虑 Dont hesitate if you want to l
22、eave early. 如果你想走，就不要犹豫。 I always hesitate to advise my friends on what to read. 我总是不大愿意建议我的朋友们该看些什么书。 He was still hesitating about whether to leave or not. 他还在犹豫是否离开。 总结 hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth （做）某事犹豫不决 hesitate about +疑问词+to do sth 做某事犹豫不决 拓展 hesitation n.
23、犹豫；踌躇 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫做某事 填空 Dont _ _ that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫，去做吧。 In case you need something, please dont _ _ _ me. 如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫，尽管跟我要。 He _ _ is lost. 【谚】当断不断，必受其患。 _ _ _ , he jumped into the river to save the drowning child. 他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子
24、。 hesitate about/over hesitate to ask who hesitates Without any hesitation eventually adv. 最后，终于 (eventual adj. 最后的，最终的，结果的) He eventually escaped and made his way back to England. 最后他逃了出来并且回到了英格兰。 Eventually, she got a job and moved to London. 最终她找了一份工作并移居伦敦。 辨析 eventually ，finally, at last, in the
25、 end. 均在句中作状语，“最后，最终” Eventually通常指由某一必然原因导致的“最终的结果” Finally指经过一段时间的等待才出现结果，主要位于动词前，有时用于列举中最后一项。 at last表明说话者主观的语气很强烈，指经过一段时间的期待好不容易才出现的结果，暗示心里一阵“轻松” in the end语气稍弱，指经过种种变化、困难和琢磨不定的情况之后某事才发生 用eventually ，finally, at last, in the end填空1._ an agreement was reached between the two parties.2.She failed
26、so many times that _ she gave up hope.3.He worked so hard that _ he made him ill.4.We need to increase productivity; we need to cut down the costs, and _ we need to make our goods competitive on world markets.At lastin the endeventuallyfinally manner n. 举止；行为方式；方法；【pl】礼貌； 【pl】礼仪 She answered in a bu
27、sinesslike manner. 她回答得有条有理。 During the conversation, he had a friendly manner. 交谈时他态度友好。 Its bad manners to point at people. 对人指指点点是不礼貌的。 Other times, other manners. 谚时移俗易。 总结 in a manner 以一种的方式；带着一副的样子 mind ones manner 注意举止 table manners 餐桌礼仪 Its good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有/无礼貌的 各种“方式” manne
28、r : in a(n) manner means: by this means, means to do sth , means of doing sth way: in this way, a way to do sth/ of doing sth method: a method of/for sth/doing sth approach: approach to/towards sth/doing sth 辨析 means: “方法，手段，工具，财产” manner : “方式，方法”，指个人喜欢采用的方式 method: 指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理 way:
29、最通用，最不正式。“通路”“方式，方法” approach: “步骤，方法，途径” 侧终指待人接物或思考问题的方式 即学即练 This book provides a _ to psychology. The _ of their meeting makes a good story. The quickest _ of travel is by plane. In this _ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends. He is a man of _. 他是一个有条理的人。 approach manner mea
30、ns way method option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权 As I see it, we have two options. 在我看来，我们有两种选择。 You have no option/choice but to refuse his proposal. 你别无选择权，只能拒绝他的建议。 Choose-chose-chosen at ones option 随某人的意 have no option but to do sth 别无选择只好干某事 optional adj. 可选择的，随意的 Chinese is an optional course to us stude
31、nts of science. 中文是我们这些理科学生的一门选修科目。 compulsory 必修的 We have some optional subjects. 我们有一些选修科目。 练习 In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _(option).optional indeed adv. 其实；实际上；当然；确实 Most of the essays were very good indeed. 事实上这些文章大多数都非常好。 The blood tests pr
32、ove that Vince is indeed the father. 验血证明文斯确实是父亲。 I dont mind at all. Indeed, I was very pleased. 我一点也不介意，事实上，我非常高兴。 填空 He is very friendly _(indeed) and we become friends at once. indeed permission n.准许；许可；批准；许可证 No official permission has been given for the event to take place. 这项活动未得到正式批准，不能进行。 Y
33、ou must ask permission before taking any photos inside the church. 必须申请批准方可于教堂内拍照。 ask for permission 请求许可 give permission 批准 get permission from sb 得到某人的许可 with/without (sbs) permission 经过/未经（某人的）许可 permit v. 允许；准许；使有可能； C 许可证；执照 permit doing sth 允许做某事 permit sb (to do) sth 允许某人（做）某事 weather /time
34、permitting= if weather/time permits 天气/时间允许的话 填空 She refused to _ _ _. 她拒不同意。 Do you have a drivers _? 你有驾驶执照吗？ _ _, well go out for a picnic. 时间允许的话，我们就去野餐。 The policeman _ _ _ there. = The policeman _ _ _ _ there.警察允许他在那里停车。 give her permission permit Time permitting permitted his parking permitted him to park 完成考点集训一 答案 hugged ; hesitation ; eventually; manners; optional; permitted
