1、 短文改错题检测同学们发现、判断、短文改错题检测同学们发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力纠正文章错误的能力.进而考察同学们的进而考察同学们的词法词法、句法句法及及行文逻辑行文逻辑等方面的水平，等方面的水平，考察同学们在语篇中综合运用英语语言考察同学们在语篇中综合运用英语语言的能力。同学们英语水平的高低完全可的能力。同学们英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来。然而很多同学以从这一题型体现出来。然而很多同学对该题感到束手无策，关键在于对该题感到束手无策，关键在于找不到找不到错误错误、不会找错误不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、。那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的关键。所以我们发现错误就成了解题的关键。
2、所以我们今天就来讲讲这一题型的解法。今天就来讲讲这一题型的解法。试卷试卷名名词词动动词词非非谓谓形形/副副代代词词介介词词数数词词连连词词冠冠词词从句从句引导词引导词19卷卷I211210011119卷卷II111401110019卷卷III122111001118卷卷I111301011118卷卷II231011001118卷卷III122210010117卷卷I120301111017卷卷II111311001117卷卷III03021101112017-2018年全国卷短文改错年全国卷短文改错 考查情况一览表考查情况一览表Any rules?Any requirements?How to
3、 correct?Solve them!Proof reading rules:One missing wordOne unnecessary wordEight wrongs.Ten altogether. You cant get any more grades since the eleventh one even if its correct!1.改动以改动以最少最少为原则为原则;2.虚词虚词以添加或删除为原则以添加或删除为原则;3.实词实词以改变词形为原则以改变词形为原则;4.以以保持保持句子句子原意原意为原则；为原则；5.核对改正的语法项目是否有核对改正的语法项目是否有，因为，因为
4、短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会不会出现出现重复重复考查某个语法点的现象考查某个语法点的现象.注意：注意：格式错格式错, 零分！零分！特别要求特别要求少一词少一词多一词多一词8个错词个错词I play piano every day.theI have a supper at 6.I buy a book yesterday.boughtHow to correct a passage?一一.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清前确保已经弄清原文大意原文大意。根据短文大。根据短文大意和上下文意和上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系，对文章
5、进行逐字，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查逐句的分析，检查句子结构句子结构是否是否完整完整，语气语气是否是否连贯连贯并确定文章的并确定文章的总体时态总体时态。二、综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不二、综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题同的错误情况分别进行答题- 减减1词词,加加1词和改词和改8词词 Proof reading jingle(顺口溜顺口溜)动词动词形形、名词、名词数数，还要注意，还要注意形和副形和副；代词代词格格，需领悟，需领悟，非谓动词非谓动词要记住；要记住；冠词冠词连词连词常光顾；常光顾；习惯用法习惯用法及及介词介词，引导词错误引导词错误关注。关注。 Det
6、ailed skillsI. 动词形动词形：谓语动词的时态和语态：谓语动词的时态和语态错误以及主谓不一致的错误。通常错误以及主谓不一致的错误。通常整篇都是过去时态，突然来一个句整篇都是过去时态，突然来一个句子用现在时，其中又以一般现在时子用现在时，其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。和过去时互改为多。1. During my last winter holidy, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.2. I didnt realize how
7、right my parents are until I entered high school.3. It was Monday morning and the writing class had just begin.4. But once I started the car, my mind goes blank.foundwerebegunwentII. 名词数：名词数： 本来要用复数，却用单数；本来该用单本来要用复数，却用单数；本来该用单数，却用复数。本来是可数名词，却用不数，却用复数。本来是可数名词，却用不可数名词的修饰词，本来是不可数名词，可数名词的修饰词，本来是不可数名词，却用
8、可数名词的修饰词。却用可数名词的修饰词。改正方法：改正方法：1）根据名词前面的修饰限定成分；）根据名词前面的修饰限定成分；2）根据上下文的逻辑关系。）根据上下文的逻辑关系。words1. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.2.The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks and mistake as well.3.The instructor kept repeating t
9、he word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”4. Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. sortsmistakesinformationIII. 还要注意形和副还要注意形和副 注意形容词和副词在句注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。如系动词子中的作用和具体用法。如系动词am/is /are/was /were或名词前用或名词前用_；修饰；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子用个句子用_。特别要注意以
10、。特别要注意以-ed和和 -ing结尾的一类词的用法区别。结尾的一类词的用法区别。命题要求及改正方法：命题要求及改正方法：主要考查形容词副主要考查形容词副词的误用，形容词副词的原级、比较级和词的误用，形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级等等。最高级等等。形容词形容词副词副词1. I felt happily that their life had improved.2. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.3. Immediate, I raised my hand. 4. A few minutes late, t
11、he instructor asked me to stop the car.happylargeImmediatelylaterlater adv. 以后，过后，后来，随后以后，过后，后来，随后late adv.晚，迟，后期地，最近地晚，迟，后期地，最近地IV.代词格，需领悟代词格，需领悟命题特点：命题特点：1）女性指代男性或相反；）女性指代男性或相反；2）单数指代复数或相反；）单数指代复数或相反；3）代词词性误用）代词词性误用改正方法：改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系联系上下文的逻辑关系代词的错误特点：代词的错误特点：1）人称代词的偷换错误）人称代词的偷换错误 2）缺少人称代词的错误；）缺少
12、人称代词的错误；3）人称代词数的一致）人称代词数的一致性性问题；问题；4）人称代词格的一致性问题）人称代词格的一致性问题1. They would say to us that playing card games woud help my brain.2. I had done myself work, but I was shy.3. The picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.4. Aunt Jane is so strict with his son.memymyher
13、V.非谓语动词要记住非谓语动词要记住非谓语动词包括非谓语动词包括现在分词现在分词、过去分词过去分词、动名词动名词和和不不定式定式命题特点：命题特点：1）谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；）谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用。）现在分词和过去分词的错用。改正方法：改正方法：1）分清是否为谓语动词；）分清是否为谓语动词；2）根据固定用法或习惯搭配选用不定式或动名词；）根据固定用法或习惯搭配选用不定式或动名词；3）根据主被动确定用现在分词还是过去分词。）根据主被动确定用现在分词还是过去分词。1. My grandpa said
14、 last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the vegetables.3. Gathered around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.4. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph. sellingtoG
15、atheringwaitingVI.冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：向出题：1）不定冠词）不定冠词a， an互换；互换；2）不定冠词）不定冠词a, an和定冠词和定冠词 the互改；互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。）根据需要增删冠词。4）连词）连词and,but, or, so常考意思及用法错误常考意思及用法错误1. It takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.2. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.3
16、. I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.4. It is in the downtown, but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by bus.anaandsoVII.习惯用法及介词要记住习惯用法及介词要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误配错误。介词涉及搭配错误，因此要从以。介词涉及搭配错误，因此要从以下方面确定错误
17、：下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法：其后要接宾语：）介词的基本用法：其后要接宾语：2）固定搭配要记牢。）固定搭配要记牢。1. I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.2.Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.3. It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.4. Every day he spen
18、ds too much time for his work.withofonVIII.从句引导词从句引导词错误需关注错误需关注我们总共学过三类从句：我们总共学过三类从句：名词性从句名词性从句-主语从句、宾语从句、表语主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句从句、同位语从句 形容词性从句形容词性从句-定语从句定语从句副词性从句副词性从句-状语从句状语从句 定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词词类词类词词指代及充当成分指代及充当成分省略可否省略可否限制性限制性非限制性非限制性关关系系代代词词which指物，主语，宾语指物，主语，宾语宾语可省宾语可省that指人指人/物，主语、宾语、表语物，主语、宾语、
19、表语宾语可省宾语可省who指人，主语，宾语指人，主语，宾语宾语可省宾语可省whom指人，宾语指人，宾语可省可省whose指人指人/物，定语物，定语不可省略不可省略as指人指人/物物, 主语、宾语主语、宾语不可省略不可省略关系关系副词副词when指时间，时间状语指时间，时间状语不可省略不可省略where指地点，地点状语指地点，地点状语不可省略不可省略why指原因，原因状语指原因，原因状语不可省略不可省略I might come a little late. In this/that case, please wait for me for a few minutes.I might come a
20、 little late, in which case, please wait for me for a few minutes.in this/that case那样的话，在那种情况下那样的话，在那种情况下in which case 那样的话，在那种情况下那样的话，在那种情况下（which作定语，引导非限制性定语从句）作定语，引导非限制性定语从句）名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词 分类分类词类词类意思意思充当成分充当成分连连接接词词that无意义无意义不充当成分不充当成分if/whether是否是否不充当成分不充当成分as if/as though似乎似乎不充当成分不充当成分连连接接代
21、代词词what, whatever什么，无论什么什么，无论什么(无疑问无疑问)主语、宾语、表语、定语主语、宾语、表语、定语who, whoever谁，谁， 无论谁无论谁(无疑问无疑问)主语、宾语主语、宾语whom, whomever谁，谁， 无论谁无论谁(无疑问无疑问)宾语宾语whose, whosever谁的，无论谁的谁的，无论谁的(无疑问无疑问)定语、表语定语、表语which, whichever哪一个，无论哪一个哪一个，无论哪一个(无疑问无疑问)主语、宾语、表语、定语主语、宾语、表语、定语连接连接副词副词when什么时间什么时间时间状语时间状语where什么地点什么地点地点状语地点状语h
22、ow什么方式什么方式 方式状语方式状语why为什么为什么 原因状语原因状语状语从句的引导词状语从句的引导词名称名称主要引导词主要引导词时间时间as, while, when, whenever, before, after, until, till, since, as soon as地点地点where, wherever方式方式原因原因becauseas=sincenow thatforconsidering thatseeing that 目的目的in order that, so that(从句有情态动词或将来时态从句有情态动词或将来时态), for fear that, in case
23、结果结果so, so that, such that; so that ( 放后面，常用过去时态放后面，常用过去时态)条件条件 (除非除非), (只要只要), (只要只要), ( 一旦一旦), (假使假使) , 让步让步though, although, even if, even though, no matter what, no matter whono matter which , no matter where, no matter when, no matter how比较比较从句引导词错误主要表现从句引导词错误主要表现1. 不同从句的引导词混用；不同从句的引导词混用；2.代词和副
24、词混用；代词和副词混用；3. 定语从句定语从句that和和which乱乱用。用。 引导词改错从以下方面入手：引导词改错从以下方面入手：1. 首先判断属于哪一类从句。首先判断属于哪一类从句。2.确定从句中引导词的位置应该用代词还是确定从句中引导词的位置应该用代词还是副词。副词。3. 确定代词或副词的用法是否正确，尤其是确定代词或副词的用法是否正确，尤其是定语从句。定语从句。1. They also had a small pond which they raised fish.2. They are interested in planting vegetables in their garde
25、n, that is on the rooftop of their house.3.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.wherewhichwhen三、反复通读，复查验证。三、反复通读，复查验证。1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例的比例, 即多词即多词1个，缺词个，缺词1个，个，错词错词8个。个。2.核对改正的语
26、法项目核对改正的语法项目是否有重复是否有重复。因为。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。重复考查某个语法点的现象。3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写大小写和和拼写拼写等问题。等问题。 2017全国全国I卷卷 In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day w
27、as. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down! “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell w
28、hich direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 2017全国全国II卷卷 Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to
29、work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from t
30、he internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables. 2017全国全国III卷卷 When I look at the picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my s
31、econd year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time, car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late
32、music albums. This picture brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 2018全国全国I卷卷 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grand-parents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks
33、, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish, My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had inproved. At the end of ou
34、r trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 2018全国全国II卷卷 When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I
35、 asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child
36、turned out to be very useful later in my life. 2018年全国年全国III卷卷 It was Monday morning and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were n
37、ervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well. Immediate, I ra
38、ised my hand. 2019全国全国I卷卷 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playgr
39、ound. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 2019年全国年全国II卷卷 Since I was a kid, Ive considered
40、 different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They w
41、ere two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 2019全国全国 III 卷卷 Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it ma
42、y appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succe
43、ed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 参考答案 2017年全国年全国I卷卷1.eighteen-eighteenth 2. first之前加之前加the/my 3.so-but 4. goes-went 5. word-words 6. Turning-Turn 7. much省略省略 8.late-later 9. s
44、uddenly-sudden 10. on-of 2017年全国年全国II卷卷1. all-both 2. a-an 3. interesting-interested 4. that-which 5. earlier-early 6.bought 之后省略 for 7. beside-besides 8. informations-information 9. came-comes 10. pick 之前加to 2017年全国年全国III卷卷1. realize 之后的之后的of 去掉去掉 2.had-have 3. and-but 4. took-taken 5. become-becam
45、e 6. picture之前加之前加the/this 7. they-which/that 8. difference-different 9. late-latest 10. your-my 参考答案 2018年全国年全国I卷卷1. countryside 前加the 2. find-found 3. another-other 4.here-there 5. chicken-chickens 6.which-where 7. sell-selling 8.happily-happy 9. for 去掉 10. but-and 2018年全国年全国II卷卷1.Fridays-Friday 2
46、. sort-sorts 3. the-a 4. watching-watch 5. let之前to省略6. us-me 7. unwilling之前加was 8. for-with 9. are-were 10. where-when 2018年全国年全国III卷卷1. begin-begun 2. wait-waiting 3. take 之前加to 4. myself-my 5. that省略 6.larger-large 7. that-what 8. include-includes 9. mistake-mistakes 10.immediate-immediately 2019年
47、全国年全国 I卷卷1.interesting-interested 2.where-when 3. football之前加a 4. but-and 5.hardly-hard 6.surprising-surprise 7. player-players 8. say-saying 9.now-then 10.my删除 2019年全国年全国 II 卷卷1. job-jobs 2. coolly-cool 3. five-fifth 4.too-very/so 5. high 前加in/at6.or-and 7. they-there 8. amazing-amazed 9. better 前去more 10.is-was 2019年全国年全国III 卷卷1.opens-open 2. required-require 3.ordinarily-ordinary 4. have 前加to 5. like去掉 6.yourselves-yourself 7. what-that/which 8. manage-managing 9. city-cities 10. an-a
