1、Section Using Language 不接受(提议、建议等);抛弃;(因质量不好而)废弃 The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system. 首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。 He has been rejected by all the universities he applied to. 他申请的所有大学都没有录取他。 归纳拓展 reject n.次品,废品 rejection n.拒绝 辨析比较refuse 与 reject (1)从语气上看:refuse 属于普通用词;而 reject 则属于正式用词
2、,多用于较正式的场合。 (2)从意思上看:refuse 表示“拒绝”,强调态度的肯定和坚决;而 reject 则强调摈弃、不采用或不使用。 They refused him admittance. 他们不允许他入场。 They rejected all the bad apples. 他们扔掉了所有的坏苹果。 注:若不严格区分,有时(如表示拒绝接受时)两者也可换用。 (3)从是否及物来看:refuse 可用作及物或不及物动词,而 reject 通常只用作及物动词。 I asked him to lend me his car, but he refused. 我请求他把车借给我,但他拒绝了。
3、I proposed to her but she rejected me. 我向她求婚,但她拒绝我了。 (4)refuse 后可接不定式表示“拒绝做某事”,而 reject 通常不这样用。 He refused to come to the meeting. 他拒绝来参加会议。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Mary (reject) Jacks request of cooperation, for he was greedy and dishonest. (2)Be prepared for lots of (reject) before you land a job. (3)How
4、ever, he was (reject) due to his “C” grade average. (4)He applied for a second time but got (reject)again. (5)The new managers proposal met with firm (reject). 2.翻译句子 (1)这门打不开。 _ (2)编辑拒绝采用这篇文章。 _ (3)他说他没有被他一直梦想的大学录取。 _ Point2 oppose 用法详解 oppose vt.反对,反抗;与某人较量 oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth.反对某
5、事/做某事/某人做某事 特别提醒 (1)oppose 后跟表示动作的词做宾语时,后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to 结构中,to 是介词,其后也 要用动名词形式。 (2)表示“反对”的其他表达:disagree with; object to; be against 等。 I must say, in common with Helen, that I strongly oppose(=am opposed to) the proposal. 我必须说,与海伦一样,我坚决反对这个建议。 经典例题 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)我们要让所有邻国都知道,我们将和他们在一起,反对在美洲任何
6、地区进行侵略活动。 Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them anywhere in the America. (2)我不反对开车,但我觉得中学生不应该开车,因为这个年龄段的孩子们不够认真。 I am , but I think middle school students should not be driving, because kids of this age are not serious enough. Point3 hence 用法详解 (1)adv.从此,以后 The sports meet will be
7、held three days hence.运动会在三天后举行。 Two years hence they might say something quite different.两年之后他们也许就有不同的说法。 (2)adv.因此 He grew up in Beijing, hence his strong interest in Beijing Opera. 他长在北京,因此对京剧有很浓厚的兴趣。 Hence, they try to assess themselves what went wrong. 因此,他们试着去评定自己哪里出了问题。 辨析比较hence,therefore,th
8、us 与 so hence adv.因此,表示因果关系,后可跟从句也可跟名词。 A better working environment improves peoples performance and hence productivity. 好的工作环境能改 善人的表现,从而提高生产率。 therefore adv.因此, 表示因果关系,可跟从句,但不跟名词。其前必须有分号或破折号隔开或与 and 连用,才能构成并列分句。 It rained; therefore the game was called off. 下雨了,因此比赛取消了。 Therefore, never give up w
9、hatever happens.因此,无论发生什么事都不要放弃。 We do not have enough money, and therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car. 我们没有足够的钱,因而买不起这辆新车。 so conj.因此,可独立引导并列分句。 He was sick, so they were quiet.他病了,所以他们很安静。 It happened that there was a doctor on the plane, so the old man was saved. 碰巧飞机上有个医生,因此这个老人得救了。 thu
10、s adv. 因此。 a.和 therefore 的用法一样。 There has been no rainthus, the crops are drying.天没下雨,因此庄稼要枯死了。 b.现在分词做结果状语时,表示伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上 thus,谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。 He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。 经典例题 1.选词填空:hence/therefore/thus/so (1)Its our hope that we wil
11、l play a greater role in the market place and, supply more jobs. (2)My left arm was still painful I went to see a doctor. (3)It was raining cats and dogs,thus (add) their difficulty in transporting the supplies to the earthquake-stricken areas. (4)A year it will be forgotten. (5)Its handmade and exp
12、ensive. (6)False advertisements deceive or mislead consumers, thus (cause) damage to their lawful rights and interests. 2.单句改错 (1)I had a bad cold,therefore I would have visited more experts who are famous in the financial industry last week. _ (2)Minetta was in the poor condition last week in hospi
13、tal;so,her parents were in favour of performing an operation. _ (3)During those four years, he worked day and night, thus improve his theory gradually until it was completed. _ Point4 cease 用法详解 (1)不及物动词:停止,终止(+from) When can we cease from our labours?我们什么时候才能免除劳役之苦? As suddenly as it began, the rai
14、n ceased.雨突然而来,骤然而止。 (2)及物动词:停止,结束 That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部门已不复存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时停了会儿聊天。 The newspaper had ceased publication.报纸已停刊。 They voted to cease strike action immediately. 他们投票决定立即停止罢工。 经典例题 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)他
15、一退休,这一职务将不复存在。 On his retirement, the job will . (2)公司已经决定终止在世界这个地区的贸易活动。 The company has in this part of the world. (3)他们终于由于缺乏资金而停工了。 At last they for lack of capital. Point5 deceased 用法详解 deceased adj.已故的 How can my (deceased) dog know that?我的(已故)狗怎么能知道这事呢? They are accounting for the deceased an
16、d missing. 他们正在统计死亡和失踪人数。 归纳拓展 deceaseU死亡;亡故 His decease made us very sad.他的去世使我们非常悲伤。 经典例题 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)唐娜意识到她已故的父母几乎没有或根本没有留下世俗的东西。 Donna was aware that her left little or no worldly goods. (2)将军死亡使这支军队群龙无首。 left the army without a leader. Point6 on the one hand on the other hand 用法详解 on the one
17、handon the other hand一方面另一方面(表达不同的、对立的两个方面的观点) 特别提醒 on the one hand 一方面,常用作插入语,表示转折、对比,常构成“on the one handon the other (hand)” 结构,表示 “一方面另一方面”。 归纳拓展 for one thingfor another (thing)首先其次(陈述一个事物的两方面且两方面的情况通常表 示并列) I want to stay at the hotel. For one thing it is near the sea; for another (thing) it co
18、sts less. 我想住在这家宾馆,一则它靠近海边,二则花费少。 经典例题 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)一方面我羡慕他的才华,但是另一方面我怀疑他的判断力。 I admire his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgement. (2)首先我们没有时间, 其次我们没有足够的钱。 For one thing, there isnt time;,we havent enough money. Point7 absence 用法详解 (1)n.不在,缺席 My father did all the cooking in my mothers a
19、bsence. 以前妈妈不在家,都是爸爸做饭。 She had grown accustomed to his long absences. 他长期不在家,她已经习惯了。 The decision was made in my absence. 这个决定是我不在的时候做出的。 (2)n.缺乏;没有 The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿的证据,而不予受理。 Absence of mind may have bad results.心不在焉,可能会导致糟糕的结果。 They have refused
20、him leave of absence.他们不准他休假。 特别提醒 比较后接介词 from 与 in 的区别: Nothing happened during his absence in America.当他不在此地而在美国期间,没有发生什么。 Nothing happened during his absence from America.在他离开美国期间,没有发生什么。 归纳拓展 absently adv.心不在焉地 absent adj.缺席的,不在的;缺少的 absent-minded 心不在焉的,健忘的 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)He gave no explanatio
21、n for his (absent) from the meeting. (2)He acted as chairman my absence. (3)“Were all going to lose,” said Crowley (absent). 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)他长期不在引起了大家对他的安全的担心。 raised fears about his safety. (2)他问他的父亲,他不在时,她是否来要过钱。 He asked his father if she had applied for any money . (3)我们都在笑那个心不在焉的教授。 We were la
22、ughing about that . Point8 advocate 用法详解 (1)vt.提倡,主张 advocate sth.主张/提倡某事 advocate doing sth.主张/提倡做某事 advocate that主张,倡导(从句用虚拟语气,should 可以省略) The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good beha
23、vio(u)r. 很多专家主张对孩子的良好表现加以奖励。 (2)n.拥护者;提倡者 an advocate of/for的拥护者/提倡者 He is a strong advocate of/for prison reform. 他是监狱改革的坚持拥护者。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Many experts advocate that children (give) more free time. (2)In the college, the professor he met first was advocate of truth. (3)Animal activists advoca
24、te that the government (set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds. (4)We advocate (solve) international disputes by negotiations, instead of appealing to arms. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 威廉姆斯先生是个教授,他主张减少政府对商业的控制。 Mr Williams is a professor fewer government controls on business. Point9 emphas
25、is 用法详解 emphasis n.强调,重视,重点 lay/put/place emphasis upon/on 强调/重视/着重于 give emphasis to 强调/重视/着重于 with an emphasis on 在方面强调 They put emphasis on quality rather than on quantity. 他们重质不重量。 We put emphasis on the friendly relation between the people of all countries.我们强调各国人民之间的友 好关系。 特别提示:复数为 emphases 归纳
26、拓展 emphasize vt.强调; 重视 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 Let me _(emphasis) that the idea does not have to be complex. 2.翻译句子 (1)你们记得我们一开始的重点在语言上。 _ (2)有些学校极注重语言学习。 _ Point10 rather than 用法详解 rather than 而不是。rather than 连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分 词、不定式以及动词等。但需注意以下几点: (1) rather than 连接两个并列不定式时,rather than 之后的不定式可省略
27、 to。 (2)rather than 连接两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数 上保持一致。 (3)would rather dothan do=would dorather than do宁可做而不愿做 To read a line graph, its important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points. 读一个折线图时,重要的是要把重点放在交叉点上,而不是放在各点之间的线段上。 I would
28、 rather stay at home than go shopping on such a humid day. 在这样潮湿的天气里,我宁愿待在家里,也不愿去购物。 What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working. 我们期待你努力工作,而不是几乎不工作。 归纳拓展 “名词/代词+together with/(along) with/as well as/but/rather than/like+名词/代词”做主语时,谓语动词应和 前面的名词/代词在人称和数上保持一致。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)F
29、acing up to your problems rather than (run) away from them is the best approach to working things out. (2)Its your brother rather than your parents that (be) wrong this time. (3)They said it was the director, rather than the clerks that (be) responsible for the incident. 2.翻译句子 我宁可步行,也不愿乘坐拥挤的公共汽车。(w
30、ould dorather than do) _ Point11 benefit 用法详解 (1)n.利益;好处 to ones benefit 对某人有益的是 for the benefit of sb./for sbs benefit 为了某人的利益 (2)vt.有助于;受益 benefit from/by从中受益,得益于 A benefit B=B benefit from A This cooperation is very constructive. Both our companies will benefit from it. =This cooperation is very
31、constructive and will benefit both our companies. 这项合作非常富有建设性,我们两家公司都会受益。 Laughing often will benefit you a lot.笑口常开好处多多。 归纳拓展 beneficial adj.有益的 be (very) beneficial to=be of (great/much) benefit to对(很)有益 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Fresh air and good food are great benefit to the health. (2)The teacher repea
32、ted part of his previous lecture the benefit of those who had been absent. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 此外,如果你参加各种课外活动,这确实对你有益处。 In addition, it if you participate in a variety of after-class activities. Point12 resist 用法详解 (1)v.抵抗,反抗;抗拒 They would resist any limitation of their powers. 他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。 I only resi
33、st things like chocolate if I feel really gross. 我只有在觉得自己胖得很难看的时候才能拒绝巧克力这类东西的诱惑。 (2)v.抗(酸),耐(热等) This special coating is designed to resist rust. 这一特别的涂层旨在抗锈。 (3)v.(常用于否定句)忍耐,忍住(+v.-ing) She cannot resist giving him advice. 她忍不住给他提建议。 归纳拓展 resistant adj. 抵抗的,反抗的; 顽固的 Some people are very resistant t
34、o the idea of exercise.有些人十分反对锻炼。 resistance n.阻力;电阻;抵抗;反抗 He passed it to her and she took it without resistance. 他把它递给她,她毫无反抗地把它接了过去。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)People all over the country resisted to buy goods made in Japan at one time. They do away with all electrical (resist). (2)One cannot help being ol
35、d but one can resist (age) . 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。 They are determined to to change the law. (2)我忍不住想插上一句建议。 I cannot resist a word of advice. Point13 state 用法详解 (1)vt.陈述;说明 Its stated that据称 As a witness, you should state it as it was. 作为一名证人,你应该如实陈述。 (2)n.状态;状况;情况 in a good/bad/terrible
36、 state 状况好/坏/糟糕 She was in a terrible state when we arrived. 当我们抵达时,她的状况很不好。 The picture is in an excellent state of preservation. 这幅画保存得极为完好。 (3)n.国家;政府;领土;州 The people of the province wished to break away and form a new state.该省人民希望脱离(政府),并成立一 个新国家。 We must pay taxes to the state.我们应该向国家交税。 归纳拓展 s
37、tatement n.陈述;说明 make/issue a statement (on/about)(关于)发表一项声明 make a statement to 向陈述 Having witnessed the accident, I felt it my duty to make a statement to the police.由于目睹了那次事故,我 觉得向警察陈述是义不容辞的。 statesman n.政治家 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)A government spokesperson made a (state) to the press yesterday. (2)It (
38、state) that standards at the hospital were dropping. (3)She wept to see him such a miserable state. (4)The witness (state) that he had not seen the woman before. 2.单句写作 (1)The government will (就发表声明) how to keep the children free from harm. (2)They regret buying the house which is (状况糟糕). Section Us
39、ing Language 不接受(提议、建议等);抛弃;(因质量不好而)废弃 The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system. 首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。 He has been rejected by all the universities he applied to. 他申请的所有大学都没有录取他。 归纳拓展 reject n.次品,废品 rejection n.拒绝 辨析比较refuse 与 reject (1)从语气上看:refuse 属于普通用词;而 reject 则属于正式用词,多用于较正式的场合
40、。 (2)从意思上看:refuse 表示“拒绝”,强调态度的肯定和坚决;而 reject 则强调摈弃、不采用或不使用。 They refused him admittance. 他们不允许他入场。 They rejected all the bad apples. 他们扔掉了所有的坏苹果。 注:若不严格区分,有时(如表示拒绝接受时)两者也可换用。 (3)从是否及物来看:refuse 可用作及物或不及物动词,而 reject 通常只用作及物动词。 I asked him to lend me his car, but he refused. 我请求他把车借给我,但他拒绝了。 I proposed
41、 to her but she rejected me. 我向她求婚,但她拒绝我了。 (4)refuse 后可接不定式表示“拒绝做某事”,而 reject 通常不这样用。 He refused to come to the meeting. 他拒绝来参加会议。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Mary (reject) Jacks request of cooperation, for he was greedy and dishonest. (2)Be prepared for lots of (reject) before you land a job. (3)However, he w
42、as (reject) due to his “C” grade average. (4)He applied for a second time but got (reject)again. (5)The new managers proposal met with firm (reject). 2.翻译句子 (1)这门打不开。 _ (2)编辑拒绝采用这篇文章。 _ (3)他说他没有被他一直梦想的大学录取。 _ 参考答案 1.(1)rejected(2)rejections (3)rejected(4)rejected (5)rejection 2.(1)The door refuses t
43、o open. (2)The editors refused/rejected this article. (3)He said that he had been rejected by the university he had been dreaming of. Point2 oppose 用法详解 oppose vt.反对,反抗;与某人较量 oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth.反对某事/做某事/某人做某事 特别提醒 (1)oppose 后跟表示动作的词做宾语时,后面要用动名词形式。be opposed to 结构中,to 是介词,其后也 要用动名词形
44、式。 (2)表示“反对”的其他表达:disagree with; object to; be against 等。 I must say, in common with Helen, that I strongly oppose(=am opposed to) the proposal. 我必须说,与海伦一样,我坚决反对这个建议。 经典例题 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)我们要让所有邻国都知道,我们将和他们在一起,反对在美洲任何地区进行侵略活动。 Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them anywhere in the Ame
45、rica. (2)我不反对开车,但我觉得中学生不应该开车,因为这个年龄段的孩子们不够认真。 I am , but I think middle school students should not be driving, because kids of this age are not serious enough. 参考答案 (1) to oppose aggression (2)not opposed to driving Point3 hence 用法详解 (1)adv.从此,以后 The sports meet will be held three days hence.运动会在三天后
46、举行。 Two years hence they might say something quite different.两年之后他们也许就有不同的说法。 (2)adv.因此 He grew up in Beijing, hence his strong interest in Beijing Opera. 他长在北京,因此对京剧有很浓厚的兴趣。 Hence, they try to assess themselves what went wrong. 因此,他们试着去评定自己哪里出了问题。 辨析比较hence,therefore,thus 与 so hence adv.因此,表示因果关系,后
47、可跟从句也可跟名词。 A better working environment improves peoples performance and hence productivity. 好的工作环境能改 善人的表现,从而提高生产率。 therefore adv.因此, 表示因果关系,可跟从句,但不跟名词。其前必须有分号或破折号隔开或与 and 连用,才能构成并列分句。 It rained; therefore the game was called off. 下雨了,因此比赛取消了。 Therefore, never give up whatever happens.因此,无论发生什么事都不要
48、放弃。 We do not have enough money, and therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car. 我们没有足够的钱,因而买不起这辆新车。 so conj.因此,可独立引导并列分句。 He was sick, so they were quiet.他病了,所以他们很安静。 It happened that there was a doctor on the plane, so the old man was saved. 碰巧飞机上有个医生,因此这个老人得救了。 thus adv. 因此。 a.和 therefore 的用法一
49、样。 There has been no rainthus, the crops are drying.天没下雨,因此庄稼要枯死了。 b.现在分词做结果状语时,表示伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上 thus,谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。 He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。 经典例题 1.选词填空:hence/therefore/thus/so (1)Its our hope that we will play a greater role in the
50、market place and, supply more jobs. (2)My left arm was still painful I went to see a doctor. (3)It was raining cats and dogs,thus (add) their difficulty in transporting the supplies to the earthquake-stricken areas. (4)A year it will be forgotten. (5)Its handmade and expensive. (6)False advertisemen
