1、1 Unit5 Part1 作业作业 UNIT 5WORKING THE LAND Part 1 Reading and Thinking 能力提升练能力提升练 、阅读理解、阅读理解 A Like people， plants experience stress.And also， like people， the response to that stress can determine success. Bad environmental conditions， such as drought， flood， heat and other stresses， affect yields(产
2、量) more than crop pests and diseases.”We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields”，said Stephen Howell，a professor of genetics and cell biology. Plant cells produce proteins(蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.U
3、nder normal conditions，these proteins are folded into their normal，healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell said Howell. In response to the alarm， ano
4、ther protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates(激活)the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive. “As it turns out，responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants，”s
5、aid Howell.”This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.” “For plants in the wild，this response is a help for survival”，he said.In production of agricultural crops，however，this response reduces yields. “You dont want crop plants to stop growing，Howell said.”You want
6、 them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.” “With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system”， said Howell.”What may be important is to disable some of these stress 2 responses.That may make the plant more product
7、ive under stressful conditions. 1.According to the text，an alarm in the plant cell is caused by _. A. the folded proteinsB. the changed proteins C. the defensive measuresD. the stress response genes 2. The energy preserved in the plants under stressful conditions _. A. helps the plants to survive B.
8、 helps to maintain high yields C. keeps the plants growing D. helps to produce proteins 3. The underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “_”. A. preventB. startC. continueD. promote 4. How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stressful conditions？ A. By
9、 making crop plants keep more energy. B. By making crop plants stop growing. C. By making the alarm system stop working. D. By making the alarm system respond quickly. 【答案】1. B2.A3.A4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不利的环境下，植物会产生压力，而植 物体内存在的一种警报系统能够应对压力，维持植物的生存，但这同时也会造成植 物减产。生物学家正在研究一种能够提高植物的抗压能力同时维持高产的方法
10、。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段 When a plant is under stress， its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell said Howell. （当植物处于压力之下时， 它的细胞会制造出折叠不充分或未折叠的蛋白质。 然后，内置的系统感知到这一点，并在细胞中触发警报）可知使植物体内存在的一 种警报系统发出警报是由这些被改变的蛋白质引起的。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细
11、节理解题。根据第五段 This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the 3 stressful conditions.（这使它们能够保存自己的能量以在紧张的环境中生存下来）可 知在压力条件下，植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。故选 A。 【3 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段第二句 this response reduces yields（这个反应降低了产量） 可以推断出划线单词所在部分的意思为：正如结果所示，在压力条件下被激活的反 应实际上会抑制植物的生长，inhibit 意为“抑制，阻碍”，prevent 阻止，妨碍；s
12、tart 开始；continue 持续； promote 促进。故选 A。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段 With the new understanding of this stress response， the next step may be to silence the alarm system（有了对这种压力反应的新认识，下一步可能 是让警报系统安静下来）可知 Howell 将通过使警报系统停止工作来维持植物在压 力条件下的高产量。故选 C。 B There is an old saying in China that goes.”The days of the Sa
13、njiu period are the coldest days.”The “Sanjiu period”，which is in Minor Cold(小寒)，refers to the third nine-day period the 19th to the 27th day after the day of the winter solstice(冬至) There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China. Eating hotpot During Minor Cold people should eat so
14、me hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather.Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton(炖羊 肉) with soy sauce.But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems. Eating huangyacai In Tianjin，there is a custom to have huangyacai，a kin
15、d of Chinese cabbage，during Minor Cold.There are large amounts of vitaminsAand B in huangyacai.As huangyacai is fresh and tender.it is fit for frying，roasting and stewing. Eating glutinous rice(糯米饭) According to tradition，the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold.Cantonese ad
16、d some fried preserved(腌制的)pork，sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice. 4 Eating vegetable rice In ancient times， people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously， but as time went by，the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared.However，the custom of eating vegetable rice is still f
17、ollowed today.The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious.Among the ingredients，aijiaohuang(a kind of green vegetable)，sausages and salted ducks are the specialties in Nanjing. 5. What do we know about Minor Cold？ A. It lasts twenty-seven days. B. It marks the first day of winter. C. It refers
18、to the winter solstice. D. The Sanjiu period is in Minor Cold. 6. What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold？ A. Eating hotpot. B. Buying cabbage. C. Having huangyacai D. Having vitamins and B pills. 7. How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice？ A. They fry and toast it. B. They eat it for dinn
19、er. C. They steam it with soy sauce. D. They mix it with many other things. 8. This text may be taken from the _ column of a newspaper. A. travelB. cultureC. fashionD. science 【答案】5. D6. C7. D8. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了中国人在小寒这一节气期间的饮食习俗。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章第一段中“The “Sanjiu period”， which is in Minor Co
20、ld(小寒)， refers to the third nine-day period the 19th to the 27th day after the day of the winter solstice(冬至)（“三九”是在小寒期间，指的是冬至后第三个九天即第 19 天到第 27 5 天）”。可知，“三九”是在小寒期间。故选 D 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Eating huangyacai 部分中“In Tianjin，there is a custom to have huangyacai，a kind of Chinese cabbage，during Minor C
21、old. ”可知，在天津，小寒期 间有吃黄芽菜的习俗。故选 C 项。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Eating glutinous rice(糯米饭)部分中“ Cantonese add some fried preserved(腌制的)pork，sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice. ”可知， 广东人在小寒的早上吃糯米饭，把腌制的猪肉、香肠和花生拌入糯米饭中食用。所 以广东人把糯米饭和许多其他东西混合在一起吃。 故选 D 项。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“There are many different cust
22、oms related to Minor Cold in China. ”可知，文章是介绍与中国小寒节气有关的不同习俗，因此文章可能 选自报纸的文化栏目。故选 B 项。 、七选五、七选五 Stress is a popular cause of major diseases affecting people worldwide.It is so common that people have begun to search for the best and easiest ways to reduce stress._9_ Exercise for a better life. Regular
23、 runners say that there is no better feeling than the one you get when you finish your daily run.Exercising is an effective way for you to remove stress from your life. _10_And it can also lift your mood.An additional benefit of exercising is that it keeps you fit and healthy！ Organize it. Keeping y
24、our workplace and home organized is also a way for you to avoid stressful situations.Working in a messy area keeps your brain thinking on several different things at the same time._11_. Manage your time wisely. _12_ Sticking to your schedule gives you focus and a goal to work on.It also 6 helps you
25、avoid missing out on deadlines which are great source of stress.Managing your time wisely means managing your stress. In a word，we shouldnt let stress stop us living a normal and healthy life.Stress will naturally appear due to the modern way of life._13_Dont let stress get the better of you and mak
26、e you lead an unhappy life. A. Here are the reasons why people always feel stressed B. Identify what causes your stress. C. Plan your day ahead and stick to it. D. There are some ways to say goodbye to stress. E. Regular exercise gives you time to think about things. F. And it gets hard to concentra
27、te on just one thing. G. But just like fire，if we control stress it cant hurt us 【答案】9. D10. E11. F12. C13. G 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种如何减少生活中的压力的方法。 【9 题详解】 此题线索是词汇复现。空前一句提到“生活中压力是如此普遍，以至于人们开始寻 找最好和最简单的方法来减轻压力”；选项 D 意思为：下面是一些和压力说再见的 方法。选项 D 中“some ways to say goodbye to stress”与上一句中的“the best and e
28、asiest ways to reduce stress”语义相符，同时选项 D 也是承上启下。故选 D 项。 【10 题详解】 本段小标题是讲锻炼身体对缓解压力的好处。 空前一句提到 “锻炼是消除生活压力 的一种有效方式”， 下一句提到“它还可以改善你的情绪”，是讲述锻炼对缓解压 力的作用。由此可知，该句应该讲的也是锻炼身体的好处。选项 E 意思为：定期锻 炼给你时间去思考事情，与上下句话题相符。故选 E 项。 【11 题详解】 此题线索是代词指代。本段小标题是讲述将生活过得有条理。空前一句提“在一个 杂乱的地方工作可以让你的大脑同时思考几件不同的事情”；选项 F 意思为“很难 将注意力集中
29、在一件事上”，选项 F 顺承上一句的话题。故选 F 项。 7 【12 题详解】 此题线索是词汇复现。该段小标题是讲述要明智地管理时间；选项 C 意思为：提前 计划你的一天，并且坚持下去。选项 C 中“Plan your day ahead”符合小标题 “Manage your time wisely”的主题，“stick to it”与空后一句中“Sticking to your schedule”，是词汇复现。故选 C 项。 【13 题详解】 该段为总结段落，该段讲述的是不要让压力阻止我们过正常、健康的生活。选项 G 意思为：但就像火一样，如果我们控制压力，它就不能伤害到我们；空后一句提到 “不要让压力占了上风，让你过不快乐的生活。” 空后一句是顺承选项 G 的话题。 故选 G 项。 8
