1、The -ing form used as subject Discovering Useful Structures 1. Families celebrating the Chinese New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together.The performances are just amazing. 2. The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 3. Thinking of all the peopl
2、e still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. 4. She was known as the mother of ten thousand babies, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. What are the functions of the ing form in the sentences? 定语 表语 宾语补足语 状语 状语 定语 1. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling wheth
3、er it is morning or night is impossible. 2. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. 3. For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. 4. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. -i
4、ng形式作形式作主语主语，相当于一个，相当于一个名词名词, 多指多指抽象抽象、概念性概念性的动的动 作，作，经常性经常性或或习惯性习惯性行为。行为。 Talking is easier than doing. Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language. Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English. 朗读是学习语言的一个好方法。朗读是学习语言的一个好方法。 1. -ing形式作形式作主语主语，通常直接，通
5、常直接置于句首置于句首。 说比做容易。说比做容易。 听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。 谓语动词谓语动词常常用用单数单数形式。形式。意义不同的两个动词意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并形式并 列作主语时列作主语时, 谓语动词需用复数形式。谓语动词需用复数形式。 Its worth making the effort. It is pleasant working with you. Its no use crying over split milk. It was a waste of time reading that book. 这件事值得努力去
6、做。这件事值得努力去做。 和你一起工作很愉快。和你一起工作很愉快。 覆水难收。覆水难收。 看那本书是浪费时间。看那本书是浪费时间。 2. 有时可用有时可用it作形式主语前置作形式主语前置，真正的主语是，真正的主语是-ing形式。形式。 但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语表语的只能是的只能是某些某些 形容词形容词或或少数名词少数名词。 形容词形容词 名词名词 常用常用-ing形式作形式作主语主语的句型有：的句型有： A It + be + a waste of time doing A It is/was no good/use doing A It is/was
7、hardly/scarcely worth doing A It is/was worth/worthwhile doing A There is no sense in doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的 做做是没有用的是没有用的 做做不值得不值得 做做是值得的是值得的 做做没有用没有用/ /没有意义没有意义 There was no knowing what he could do. There was no telling when this might happen again. He is nice, theres no denying it. There was no arg
8、uing with her. 3. “There is + no” 后可用后可用-ing形式作主语，表示形式作主语，表示“没法没法”。 他能做什么他能做什么很难很难说。说。 没法没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。 他很友好，这是他很友好，这是不可不可否认的。否认的。 没法没法和她争论。和她争论。 4. 动词动词-ing形式的形式的否定形式否定形式 动词动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not, 带有逻辑主语时，带有逻辑主语时， not 应放在逻辑主语和应放在逻辑主语和-ing 形式之间。形式之间。 Not knowing how
9、to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. 不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。 Not having done his homework makes the teacher angry. 未完成他的作业让老师很生气。 5. 动词动词-ing形式的形式的复合结构复合结构 动词动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格 或普通格加动词或普通格加动词-ing, 即即“sb./sb.s +doing” 构成。动词构
10、成。动词-ing形式的形式的 复合结构实际上是给动词复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个形式加了一个逻辑主语逻辑主语。 动词-ing形式的复合结构有四 种形式： 形容词性物主代词+动词-ing 名词所有格+动词-ing 代词宾格+动词-ing 名词+动词-ing Her coming to help ancouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 Marys being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很心烦。 【要点微练】【要点微练】 (1) _made his teacher very angry. 他又一次迟到使他的
11、老师非常生气。他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。 (2) _caused so much trouble. 简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。 His being late again Janes being carelessness 动词-ing形式通常表示抽象动作，往往是普通的、一般的行为； 且表示已知的事情或经验。 动词不定式作主语则表示某次具体动作或行为；且表示未完成 的事情或未达成的目的。 Doing nothing is doing evil. 什么也不做就是作恶。 动词-ing 形式与不定式做主语的比较 To go on like this is usel
12、ess. 继续这样下去是无用的。 Its an honor for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。 Rewrite each of the following sentences using the -ing form as the subject. P29 2 EXAMPLEIt is challenging yet really fascinating to hike through the mountains in the pathless Sarek. Hiking through the mountains in the p
13、athless Sarek is challenging yet really fascinating. 1. It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad. 2. It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold. 3. Honestly, it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land. 4. It is
14、 good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult. 5. It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding. Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be pos
15、sible due to the extreme cold. Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying. Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult. Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. How does
16、the sentence focus change? The use of -ing forms as subjects puts the action first, making the sentences seem more dynamic. 用用it作形式主语前置时作形式主语前置时，句子，句子侧重于表语侧重于表语 部分部分，强调强调行为的行为的特征特征、状态状态或或给人的 给人的 感受感受。 动词动词-ing形式作主语前置时形式作主语前置时，句子，句子侧重于 侧重于 主语部分主语部分，强调强调行为本身的行为本身的具体内容具体内容。 。 Fill in each blank using t
17、he -ing form of a verb from the box and state its function. One word will be used twice. Xixi National Wetland Park, _ 10 square kilometres in western Hangzhou, is the first national wetland park in China. _ city life, nature, and wetlands makes the park a popular destination both for tourists and l
18、ocal residents. At Xixi, _ a boat tour, _ along paths, and _ local customs and traditions of the villages in this park are at the top of the list of peoples favourite activities. With trees, bushes, and colourful flowers _ along the riversides, the park shows different sides of beauty in different s
19、easons. In order to better develop as well as preserve this place, _ human impact on Xixi Wetland was considered by the park designers. All the new buildings were designed in a traditional way to fit into the natural environment. This green, watery world is home to many birds and fishes. With trees
20、_ in the shallows, the wetland is a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen, which makes it the “green lungs of Hangzhou”. P29 3 combine cover grow take limit walk experience covering Combining taking walkingexperiencing growing limiting growing 定定 主主 主主 主主主主 宾补宾补 主主 宾补宾补 Activ
21、ity 1 1. skiing 2. Crying 3. Learning 4. finishing 5. Getting 6. Talking P76 Using structure Activity 2 1. E 2. A 3. F 4. D 5. B 6. C Activity 3 fascinating; looking for totally different experiences; Realising; moving around; appreciating; Booking transportation and hotels online; Figuring out how to take pictures; planning; hiring a local tour guide
