1、UNIT 4HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Part 1Listening and Speaking break away from;as well as;keep your eyes open for 1.The islandthe mainland by a bridge. 2.You shouldyour mistakes in this exam and avoid them in the next exam. 3.They visited some factories, hospitalsthe school. 4.To improve yourself, you sh
2、ouldsome bad habits. You shouldnt get up very late, or skip breakfast and so on. .单句语法填空 1.The first thing he looked at was his offices(locate). 2.Standing in the watchtower, we admired the(surround) scenes. 3.The soldiers fought bravely in(defend) of their country. 4.Sanya is the most(fascinate) pl
3、ace I have ever been to. 5.It was a remarkable(achieve) for such a young player. 6.It is(legal) to smoke in public places according to the new law. 7.The website(belong) to this company is popular with young men. 8.Scientists were(puzzle) as to why the whale had swum to the shore. 9.It is(evidence)
4、that the Confucian(儒家的) philosophy affected a large number of ancient people. .课文语法填空 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you understand what these different1(name)the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales2(joi
5、n) to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added3(create) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke
6、 away from the UK,4resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The four countries use the same flag,5(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military6(defend). However, they also have some differences. The United Kingdom
7、7(have) a long and interesting history to explore. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of peoplethe Romans, the Anglo-Saxons,the Vikings8the Normanswho took9at different times throughout history. There is so much more to learn about10intere
8、sting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. 1.2.3.4.5. 6.7.8.9.10. 能力提升练 .阅读理解 A New England is the six northeastern states of the United States:Maine,New Hampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,Rhode Island,and Connecticut.
9、The six states were among the first colonies in America. The colonies were conquered by England,and this is why the area became known as New England. After the American Revolutionary (革命的) War the colonies became states. Many things are similar in the six New England states. For example,there are ma
10、ny stone walls, fishing villages and forests in these states. The houses and buildings are similar,too. People cut down trees from the forests to make space for their farms and villages. They then used wood from the trees and stones from the fields to build houses,schools, and churches. Even today,
11、most of the houses in New England are made of wood. There are big cities in New England,but there are also small cities and farms,especially in the northern part. There is much industry and business and New England is one of the most populous (人口稠密的) parts of the United States. It has many busy sea
12、ports on its long coast. There are always many tourists who enjoy the beautiful lakes,beaches,and mountains and who visit the historical places. 1.Why are the six states called New England? A.They are now ruled by England. B.They were once colonies of England. C.There were people from England. D.The
13、 states were near England. 2.What did the people use to build their houses? A.Stones and steel. B.Plastic and wood. C.Stones and wood. D.Stones and cement. 3.Which is NOT true according to the passage? A.There are six states in New England. B.The states became known as New England after the American
14、 Revolutionary War. C.Many tourists come to New England and enjoy themselves. D.The six states have many similar things. B It has been around for centuries, but up until very recently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wasnt fully accepted abroad. Proof of this can be found in The Treatment ( 刮痧 ),
15、 a 2001 film that tells the story of a Chinese man in the US whos charged with abuse after he uses guasha, a form of TCM treatment, to cure his grandsons disease. During the last 10 years or so, however, TCM has been getting increasingly popular all over the world. A report released by the State Cou
16、ncil Information Office on Dec. 6 says this style of health care, which includes different forms like herbal medicine as well as exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions. “We have set up 10 TCM centers outside China, and all of them are popular among locals,” Wang Guoqiang, head of the Stat
17、e Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said at a news conference on Dec. 6. “Governments of 86 countries and regions have signed agreements with the Chinese government on TCM cooperation.” One of the reasons behind the growing popularity of TCM is the increase in scientific research into
18、it. And after Tu Youyouthe Chinese scientist who discovered the anti-malarial(抗疟疾的) drug artemisinin(青蒿素)won the Nobel Prize in 2015, TCM became even more famous internationally. However, all these achievements in TCM dont mean that its problem-free. Over the years, TCM has faced challenges in being
19、 able to prove that it has certain effects. Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact and work together with Western medicine. “Bringing Western medicine and TCM together, rather than in competition, is where the potential for great effects is,” said Bernhard Schwartlander, the Chines
20、e representative of the World Health Organization. 4.Why is the film The Treatment mentioned in the first paragraph? A.To introduce the film to readers. B.To show TCM is increasingly popular. C.To arouse readers interest in Western medicine. D.To prove that TCM is not fully accepted in foreign count
21、ries. 5.What can we learn from the passage? A.TCM is not exact in curing diseases. B.10 TCM centers abroad are all set up by locals. C.86 countries have cooperated with China on TCM. D.Tu Youyous success contributes to the popularity of TCM. 6.According to Bernhard Schwartlander, TCM should. A.combi
22、ne Western medicine B.face no challenge at all C.give an exact description of its effects D.compete with Western medicine .七选五 As the most significant and traditional festival in China, Chinese New Year is associated with many traditions and customs. Some of these traditions are dying out, so people
23、 feel that the festival becomes less interesting and conventional.1 1.Kowtowing to Elders Chinese New Year traditions regarding greeting are not like kissing, embracing, and handshaking in Western countries. In the past, the first thing for a Chinese New Year visit started with kowtowing to the elde
24、rs. You need to kneel down to show respect and gratitude to the elders.2Nowadays, the young generation rejects such a way of greeting, so the practice is abandoned gradually in modern cities, while in some rural areas, the tradition is still kept. 2.Staying Up on Chinese New Years Eve According to a
25、 legend, the fierce monster Nian would come to harm people and livestock(牲畜) on Chinese New Years Eve, which would cause great damage to peoples efforts of a whole year.3When staying up all night, people will find something to kill time, such as chatting, watching TV, and playing cards or mahjong. I
26、t is really difficult to stay awake for a whole night, so Chinese people are beginning to abandon this tradition. 3.No Sweeping or Dumping on the Lunar New Years Day In the old days, it was considered improper to sweep the house, or dump rubbish on the first day of the lunar year, for it promised th
27、at all the good luck and fortune would be driven far away.4Therefore, the practice is becoming obscure(鲜为 人知的). 4.Opening-door Firecrackers People will set off firecrackers in the early morning of the Lunar New Years Day.5People wish to welcome the good luck inside when they open their doors in the
28、morning. Some companies will also set off opening-door firecrackers when people return to work. The firecrackers lead to air pollution and also bring potential risk, so now this tradition is rarely seen. A.Once they wake up, it is the first thing they do. B.To avoid its attack, people should shut do
29、ors and stay awake. C.The Spring Festival is a good chance for separated friends and families to get together. D.Well, lets discover the vanishing(正在消失的) Chinese New Year traditions you may not know. E.It is really physically challenging work if you have a big family and you happen to be the younges
30、t. F.However, people nowadays are likely to keep the house clean and tidy, especially when they have guests. G.All the trash should be dumped afterwards, symbolizing all the poverty and hardship will be thrown away. 1.2.3.4.5. 参考答案 基础过关练 .1.individual2.battle3.nearby4.chief .1.is joined to2.keep you
31、r eyes open for3.as well as 4.break away from .1.location考查名词。 句意:他首先看的是自己办公室的位置。 根据 his offices 可知此处应用名词,故填 location。 2.surrounding考查形容词。句意:我们站在瞭望塔上,欣赏周围的景色。修饰名 词 scenes 应用形容词,surrounding 意为“周围的”。 3.defence考查名词。句意:士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。in defence of 为 了保护。故填 defence。 4.fascinating考查形容词。 句意:三亚是我去过的最迷人的地方。
32、修饰名词 place, 应用形容词,place 指物,故填 fascinating“迷人的”。 5.achievement考查名词。 句意:如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。 根据 a remarkable 可知此处应用名词单数形式,故填 achievement。 6.illegal考查反义词。句意:根据新法律,在公共场合吸烟是违法的。根据句意可 知,此处应用“违法的”,故填 illegal。 7.belonging考查现在分词。句意:属于这家公司的这个网站很受年轻人的欢迎。 belong to 属于,不用于被动语态和进行时,此处应用现在分词作定语。 8.puzzled考查形容词。句意:关
33、于为什么这头鲸游到海岸上来,科学家们感到不 解。主句的主语是 Scientists,were 后应用形容词作表语,形容人“迷惑不解的”, 故用 puzzled。 9.evident考查形容词。句意:明显的是,儒家哲学影响了很多古代的人。is 后面 要跟形容词作表语,故填 evident。 .1.names考查名词的数。 句意:稍微了解一下英国的历史会帮助你理解这些不 同的名字联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰的意思。name 为可数名 词,此处被 these different 修饰,因此用复数形式。 2.was joined考查动词的时态和语态。 句意:在 16 世纪,邻近的国家威尔士并入英
34、格兰王国。根据时间状语 In the 16th century 可知应用一般过去时;主语 the nearby country of Wales 与 join 之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。 3.to create考查不定式。句意:在 19 世纪,爱尔兰王国加入,成立大不列颠及爱尔 兰联合王国。此处作结果状语,应用动词不定式。 4.which考查定语从句。句意:最后,在 20 世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了英国,这就产生 了我们今天的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。分析句子结构可知,设空处引 导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词 which。 5.kn
35、own考查过去分词。 句意:这四个国家使用同样的旗帜,被称为联合王国国旗, 也拥有同样的货币和国防。be known as“被称为”,此处作后置定语,应用过去分 词。 6.defence考查名词。 分析句子结构可知,设空处作动词 share 的宾语,且有形容词 military 修饰,故填名词。 7.has考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 句意:英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可以探索。 此处叙述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为 The United Kingdom,因此谓语动 词用单数形式。 8.and考查连词。句意:英国历史上有四个不同民族古罗马人、盎格鲁撒 克逊人、维京人和诺曼人在不同历史时期执掌
36、这个国家,无论你身处英国何 方,这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 分析句子结构可知,the Romans、 the Anglo-Saxons、 the Vikings 和 the Normans 为并列成分,故填并列连词 and。 9.over考查固定搭配。句意同上。此处指执掌这个国家。应用短语 take over,意 为“接管”。故填 over。 10.the考查冠词。句意:关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多要了解。此处特指 英国的历史和文化,故用定冠词 the。 能力提升练 .A 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新英格兰的历史和现状。 1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The six states w
37、ere among the first colonies in America. The colonies were conquered by England,and this is why the area became known as New England.” 可知,那六个州被称为新英格兰是因为它们曾是英国的殖 民地,故 B 项正确。 2.C细节理解题。 根据第三段中的 “They then used wood from the trees and stones from the fields to build houses,schools, and churches.”可知,新英格兰
38、的人们用木材 和石头建造房屋、学校和教堂,故 C 项正确。 3.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The colonies were conquered by England.colonies became states.” 可知,早在是英国的殖民地时期,这六个州就被称 为新英格兰,在美国独立战争后变成了州,所以这些州并不是在美国独立战争后才 被称为新英格兰的,故 B 项错误。A 项“新英格兰有六个州”,根据第一段第一句 话可知,这个说法是正确的;C 项“许多游客来到新英格兰,并玩得很开心”,根据文 章最后一段最后一句可知,这个说法正确;D 项“这六个州有许多相似的东西”, 根据第二段第一句可知,
39、这个说法正确。 B 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中医在国外的发展。 4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but up until very recently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wasnt fully accepted abroad” 可知,直到最近,中医在国外还没有被 完全接受。 由 “Proof of this can be found in The Treatment ( 刮痧 ).a Chinese man in the US whos charged with abuse after he uses guasha.”可知,中医在国外
40、没有被 完全接受的证据可以从 2001 年的电影刮痧中找到,这部电影讲述了一个在美 国的中国人在使用刮痧(一种中医疗法)治愈孙子的疾病后被指控虐待的故事。故 选 D。A 项“为了向读者介绍这部电影”;B 项“为了表明中医越来越受欢迎”;C 项“为了唤起读者对西医的兴趣”。 5.D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“And after Tu Youyouthe Chinese scientist who discovered the anti-malarial drug artemisininwon the Nobel Prize in 2015, TCM became even more famous
41、 internationally.”可知,在中国科学家屠呦呦发现了 抗疟疾的药青蒿素,并在 2015 年获得诺贝尔奖后,中医在国际上的知名度更高了。 因此屠呦呦的成功促进了中医的普及。故选 D。A 项“中医在治愈疾病方面不精 确” ,根据第六段 “Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact.”可 知中医本身不是不精确,只是有研究者建议中医应该更精确一些;B 项“10 个国外 的中医中心都是由当地人设立的”,根据第三段中的“We have set up 10 TCM centers outside China. Wang Gu
42、oqiang.said at a news conference on Dec. 6. ”可 知,10 个中医中心是中国设立的,它们都很受当地人的欢迎;C 项“86 个国家已经 与中国在中医上有了合作”,根据第三段中的“Governments of 86 countries and regions have signed agreements with the Chinese government on TCM cooperation.” 可知是 86 个国家和地区。 6.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bringing Western medicine and TCM together, r
43、ather than in competition, is where the potential for great effects is”可 知,Bernhard Schwartlander 建议将中医和西医结合起来,而不是让其竞争。 故选 A。 .本文是一篇说明文。作为中国最重要的传统节日,中国春节有许多传统习俗, 本文介绍了四个正在消失的春节传统。 1.D根据该空所在位置判断该空填入句应起到总领全文的作用,再根据文章主 题内容“正在消失的春节传统”可知,D 项(那么,让我们来看看那些正在消失的、 你可能不知道的中国春节传统吧。)符合语境。 2.E根据本段的小标题“向长辈磕头”可知本段主
44、旨,再根据空前两句“在过去, 春节拜年的第一件事从向长辈磕头开始。 你需要跪下来表达对长辈的尊敬和感激 之情。”可判断,此处填入 E 项(如果你有一个大家庭,而你又恰好是辈分最小的, 那真的是挑战体力的活儿。)It 指代 kowtowing to the elders。 3.B根据本段小标题“除夕夜守岁”可知本段主旨,再根据空前句“根据一个传 说,凶猛的怪兽年会在除夕之夜来伤害人和牲畜,这将对人们一整年的努力造 成巨大的破坏。”和空后句“熬一整夜的时候,人们会找些事情来打发时间,比如 聊天、看电视、打牌或打麻将。”可知,B 项(为了避免它的袭击,人们应该关上门, 保持清醒。)符合语境。 4.F
45、根据本段小标题“不在农历正月初一扫除和倒垃圾”可知本段主旨,空后句 意为“因此,这种做法正变得鲜为人知。”空后句中的 Therefore 一词体现的因果 逻辑关系可知空处填入句应体现这种做法逐渐消失的原因。F 项(然而,现在人们 很可能会保持房子的干净和整洁,特别是有访客的时候。)符合语境。 5.A根据本段小标题 “开门炮” 可知本段主旨,再根据空前句(在农历正月初一的 清晨,人们会燃放鞭炮)中的 in the early morning 和空后句(人们希望早上开门的时 候能把好运迎进来)中的when they open their doors in the morning这两个时间状语 可知放开门炮的时间,与 A 项(一旦人们醒来,他们做的第一件事就是这个)表述的 时间相符,the first thing 指放开门炮。
