1、 To learn the restrictive relative clauses with that, which, who, whose, whom and /. To use the restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures of disasters. Retell the passage briefly: Strange things were happening that night. The water in the wells. Smelly gas Animals But people were. Suddenly,
2、everything began to shake. It seemed as if. A huge crack Hard hills of rock In less than one minutes, Two thirds of the people. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything Bricks Most bridges The railway tracks People were in shock. And later that afternoon, People be
3、gan to wonder But hope was not lost. Soon after the earthquake, Doctors and nurses Workers The city began to breathe again. Tangshan began to revive itself. With the support The new city Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible
4、 experience that my great grandma cannot forget. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupt. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. A doctor wi
5、th whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator. Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th centur
6、y had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tan
7、gshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. The structure of restrictive relative clauses Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 先行词先行词 关系关系 代词代词 从句从句 定义定义: 在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词
8、、代 词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。 类型类型: 限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人 或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分； 如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。 关系代词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose等。等。 引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用： 1) 连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰 的内容连接起来；的内容连接起来； 2) 替代
9、作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的 先行词；先行词； 3) 在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表 语、定语。语、定语。 指人指人指物指物主语主语 宾语宾语 that which who whom 关系代词在从句中：关系代词在从句中： 何时可以省略？何时可以省略？ 做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略 关系代词的用法与辨析关系代词的用法与辨析 1) 关系代词关系代词that与与which 定语从句中定语从句中, 关系代词关系代词that既可指人也可指物，既可指人也可指物， which一般用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互一般用于指物。指物
10、时二者一般可以互 换。换。 只用只用that引导定语从句的情况：引导定语从句的情况： 当先行词为当先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none等不定代词或先行词被等不定代词或先行词被the only, few, little, no, all, every, the very等词修等词修 饰时。饰时。 当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：当先行词同时包括人和物时。如： They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 当先行词前有序数词当先行词前有
11、序数词first, last, next等或形容等或形容 词的最高级修饰时。如：词的最高级修饰时。如： This is the first article that Ive written in Japanese. 当主句是由当主句是由who或或which开头的疑问句时。开头的疑问句时。 如：如： Who is the man that is standing by Jack? 2) 关系代词关系代词who与与whom who指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一 般可用般可用that替换。替换。 whom指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。指人，宾格，在定语从句中作
12、宾语。 在口语和非正式文体中可用在口语和非正式文体中可用who或或that替换，替换， 也可以省略。也可以省略。 3) 关系代词关系代词whose whose是是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定的所有格，在定语从句中作定 语，起限定作用。语，起限定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先引导定语从句时，先 行词可以指人也可以指物。行词可以指人也可以指物。 1 The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79CE took the people of Pompeii by surprise. They had always known that the mountain was
13、 a volcano but it had been quiet for so long that nobody saw it as a threat. When the volcano finally did erupt, it was so quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in lava and ash. A writer _ was there during the eruption described how lava was thrown into the air like a fountain. 【语境应用】用【
14、语境应用】用that, which, who, whose, whom, /完成句子。完成句子。 who/that After it fell to earth, it turned into wave of lava _ travelled down the mountain faster than people could run away. It was an absolute disaster for those _ could not escape in time. Many of the wooden houses and bungalows (平房平房) in Pompeii w
15、ere burned to the ground, but the stone houses remained under the ash until they were rediscovered during the 20th century. who/that that/which 2 The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as clo
16、se as possible to the crater _ had been formed during the eruption. We put on special clothes before we went any closer. Looking like spacemen, we had white protective suits _ covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made ou
17、r way to the edge of the crater and look down into the red, boiling center. that/ which that/ which Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom or /. 1. Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ w
18、ere asleep. 3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find. whose who that/which 4. Several days later, most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5. The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6
19、. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued. 7. Is this young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings? that/which whose whom who Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses usin
20、g that, which, who, whose, or whom. A: Whats the rescue worker doing? B: Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. A: What are the soldiers doing? B: They are putting up the tents which are used as temporary shelters for the homeless in the earthquake. 1. The supplies which were provided to
21、 the disaster area were collected from around the country. supply n. an amount of something that is available to be used; food, clothes, and things necessary for daily life or for a particular purpose 供应供应(量量)；补给；补给(品品) vt. to provide people with something that they need or want, especially regularl
22、y over a long period of time供应；供给供应；供给 eg The nations fuel supplies will not last forever. Paint for the project was supplied by the city. Supplies were brought in by air. (翻译翻译) 这个国家的燃料供应不会无穷无尽。这个国家的燃料供应不会无穷无尽。 用于这个项目的油漆由市里提供。用于这个项目的油漆由市里提供。 补给品通过空运送到了。补给品通过空运送到了。 provide, offer, supply provide提供所需
23、物，生活必需品。提供所需物，生活必需品。 provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. offer提供帮助、服务或向往之物。常接动词提供帮助、服务或向往之物。常接动词 不定式作宾语，或双宾语。不定式作宾语，或双宾语。offer sth. to sb. supply供给所需或所要求之物，范围更广。供给所需或所要求之物，范围更广。 supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to/for sb.。 【语境应用】【语境应用】provide/offer/supply完成句子。完成句子。 1) Annas school _ her a
24、 very good chance last year. 2) Can you _ fifteen rooms for thirty people? 3) They were arrested for _ street dealers. 他们因向街头毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。他们因向街头毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。 offered provide supplying drugs to 2. Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. survive vt. to continue to live normally in spite of
25、many problems幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过 vi. to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness 生存；存活生存；存活 survivor n. 幸存者幸存者 survival n. 残存，生还，生存残存，生还，生存 survive on 依靠依靠生存下来生存下来 survive sth. 幸免于；从幸免于；从中挺过来中挺过来 eg I cant survive on $40 a week. For a few years, the building survived as a shelter for the homel
26、ess. The lucky girl survived the big earthquake. Jim was a survivor of the accident, but he lost his left leg. The survival of the boy is uncertain; he is badly hurt and may die. 【语境应用】完成句子。【语境应用】完成句子。 The man was the only _(幸存者幸存者) who _(在地震中幸存在地震中幸存). He told us he _(靠靠生存生存) a bottle of mineral wa
27、ter. Everyone said his _(幸存幸存) was a wonder. survivor survived the earthquake had survived on survival After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights _ (survive). to survive 定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、 代词或整个主句的从句。代词或整个主句的从
28、句。 被定语从句修饰的词是先行词。引导定语从句的被定语从句修饰的词是先行词。引导定语从句的 关系词有关系代词关系词有关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose等等)和关系副词和关系副词(where, when, why)。 关系词在定语从句中的作用：关系词在定语从句中的作用： 连接主句和定语从句；指代先行词；连接主句和定语从句；指代先行词； 在定语从句中充当一定的成分。在定语从句中充当一定的成分。 定语从句定语从句 用用who, whom, which或或that完成下列句子。完成下列句子。 1. Its a book _ introduces how to cook
29、. 2. There are many volunteers _ are helping the poor children. 3. This is the bike _ my brother gave me for my birthday. 4. The girl _ is standing under the tree is my little sister. that/which who/that that/which who/that 5. The woman _ you met yesterday is my aunt. 6. Bruce, there is someone outs
30、ide _ would like to see you. 7. Do you know the boy _ threw the stone at the window? 8. I am looking for the backpack _ I bought yesterday. whom/who/that who/that who/that that/which Write a short passage of 7 sentences to describe the rescue work after the natural disaster. At least 5 restrictive relative clauses must be used.
