1、Unit 2Unit 2 Exploring P3 Using languageP3 Using language Observe these colored words from this unit. 1. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 2. . sculpt a sculpture. 3. When we . see rain ., we can say “its raining” . 4. WHO Have A L kHave A L k =pine+apple =sculpt+ure(suffix) n. v. =World
2、 Health Organization Word formation Abbreviation 缩略法 Conversion 转化法 Derivation 派生法 Compounding 合成法 Focus on 基本用法 缩略法主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或 者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词。 Abbreviation (缩略法) by abbreviating phone math/maths ad fridge flu planetelephoneairplane Mathematics advertisement refrigerator influenza CD ( compact
3、disk) CCTV( China Central Television) NBA (National Basketball Association) UFO( unidentified flying object) UN( United Nations) USA( United States of America) 另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的 首字母组成。 Conversion（转化法） by changing the part of speech 一个词从一种词类转化为另一种或几种 词类的方法称为“转化法”。如名词, 形容 词转化为动词。 The child was eyeing t
4、he chocolate cake. She took a drink from the glass and then put it down. You must slow down or youll make yourself ill. n.v.，意为“注视” v.n.,意为“饮料” adj.v.,意为“放慢速度” Derivation (派生法) by adding a predix or suffix 派生词一般有前缀(prefix)+单词，或单 词+后缀(suffix)构成。 前缀+单词一般不改变原词的词性，但要 引起词义的变化，一部分可构成反义词。 I dislike waiting
5、 for anything. I had completely misread his intentions. mis-+read, 意为“误解” dis-+like, 意为“不喜欢，厌恶” 前缀 单词+后缀一般不改变原词的基本含义， 只改变其词性。 There is a growing need for qualified teachers of Business English. teach+-er, 表示人，意为“教师” They will introduce a new washer to the public. wash+-er, 表示物，意为“洗衣机” Not all people
6、 can make this achievement. achieve+-ment，抽象名词，意为“成就，成 绩” 后缀 sunflower sun flower Compounding (合成法) by combining two or more words 复合名词 1. 名词名词 sunglass sunglass moonlight moonlight bookshelf book shelf fireman fireman 2. 形容词名词 loudspeaker, midnight, blackboard, software, mainland 3. v-ing名词 waiting
7、-room, sitting-room 4. 动词名词 playground, watchtower, chopsticks, washroom handwriting, thanksgiving, roller-skating 5. 名词v-ing 6. 动词副词 get-together, break-through 7. 副词名词 downfall, outbreak e. : f. 副词v-ed: well-known g. 形容词名词: mid-east, round-trip h. 其它: up/downstairs, everyday, take-away, outdoor, o
8、ne-way, part-time, two-month, secondhand, mouth-to-mouth, so-so, on-line, so-called, five-year-old 复合形容词 1. 形容词名词ed kind-hearted, short-sighted 2. 形容词v-ing good-looking, easy-going 3. 副词v-ing hard-working, ever-lasting 4. 名词v-ing English-speaking, peace-loving 5. 名词v-ed man-made, air-borne 6. 副词v-ed
9、 well-known, well-balanced 7. 形容词名词 mid-east, round-trip downstairs, everyday, take-away, outdoor, one-way, part-time, two- month, secondhand, so-so, on-line, so- called 8. 其它 复合副词 其他 复合动词 over + come = overcome fifty + four = fifty-four 复合数词 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody down + stairs = down
10、stairs whole + heartedly = wholeheartedly 复合代词 (副词+动词) (不定代词+名词) ( 形容词+名词) (副词+副词) a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. b sculpt a sculpture c When we see rain, we can say “its raining” d WHO P17 1 1. abbreviating 2. changing the part of speech 3.adding a prefix or suffix bining two or mo
11、re words Match the colored words to the types of word formation. Can you find more examples of each type in the reading passage? 1 abbreviating: IT, US 2 changing the part of speech: When we see snow, we can say “its snowing”. 3 adding a prefix or suffix: paintpainting, hardhardly, softsoftly, harmh
12、armless / harmful, shameshameless / shameful, visibleinvisible 4 combining two or more words: hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework P17 1 penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement calm presenting WTO ASAP Check your answers! Complete the passage with
13、the help of word formation. PracticePractice 用括号中所给合成词的适当形式填空。 network, high-speed, forever, peace-loving, face-to-face, long-term 1. We are going to take the _ train to Xian tomorrow, so an early arrival at the station is advised. 2. Andy got angry with you yesterday, so you need to have a _ conver
14、sation with him. 3. I will remember the great moment when I got my diploma _. high-speed face-to-face forever 4. The American television _ CBS broadcast the award ceremony across the country last Sunday. 5. It is a _ plan, so we have enough time to collect money for it. 6. China is a _ country and t
15、he Chinese people are friendly. network peace-loving long-term network, high-speed, forever, peace-loving, face-to-face, long-term Types of words formation 1. Abbreviation 缩略法 2. Conversion 转化法 3. Derivation 派生法 4. Compounding 合成法 Grammar Focus Self-evaluation 1. How many types of word formation do
16、you know? What are they? 2. Can you list more examples? 各个击破 1. (2019年全国卷 I) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. 2. (2019年全国卷 II) Her y
17、ears of hard work have_ (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _ (wonder).” poorly finally wonderful I. 实战高考. 3. (2018 全国卷I) The best exercise is one that you
18、 enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy). 4. (2018 全国卷II) A taste for meat is _ (actual) beh
19、ind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fer
20、tilizer consumption. strengthen energetic actually pollution global book sea fire over under friend sun court day wide II. Match the compound words after the model. Check your answers! shop spread burnt light yard fighter ground coat ship side 1. The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ could cont
21、rol it. 2. At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3. They decide to spend their holiday at the _. 4. He put on a hat and _ before he went out. 5. His friends live above the _. firefighters friendship Fill in the blanks with the words. seaside overcoat bookshop seaside firefighter o
22、vercoat underground friendship sunburnt courtyard daylight widespread 6. Lucy enjoys travelling by _. Thats how she goes to work every day. 7. The children are playing happily in the _. 8. The skiing instructor was a tall, _ man. 9. It looks different in _. 10. Computers are now in _ use. undergroun
23、d courtyard sunburnt daylight widespread seaside firefighter overcoat underground friendship sunburnt courtyard daylight widespread 1. 他们正搬着些水。他们要去浇花。 They are carrying some _. They are going to _ the flowers. 2. 她又年轻又漂亮。 She is young and _. 3. 在海滨你很快就能晒黑。 You would be _ quickly on the beach. 4. 他高度
24、评价了这一成就。 He rated the _ high. III. Translate the following sentences. water water good-looking sunburnt achievement 1. Find out their meanings of the abbreviations bellow and try to find some more. (you can surf the Internet for help) GSM ATM CPA SOHO CET GNP MPA CBD MBA API GDP GNP 2. Finish the ex
25、ercise Part 3 on P17. s worldwide. 2. (19 年全国卷 II) Her years of hard work have_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _(wonder).” 3. (2018 全国卷 I) The best exe
26、rcise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy). 4. (2018 全国卷 II) A taste for
27、meat is _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent o
28、f total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption. II. Match the compound words after the model. Fill in the blanks with the words. seaside firefighter overcoat underground friendship sunburnt courtyard daylight widespread 1. The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ could control it. 2. At school she forme
29、d a close _ with several other girls. 3. They decide to spend their holiday at shop the _. 4. He put on a hat and _ before he went out. 5. His friends live above the _. 6. Lucy enjoys travelling by _. Thats how she goes to work every day. book sea fire over under friend sun court day wide Shop sprea
30、d burnt light yard fighter ground coat ship side 7. The children are playing happily in the _. 8. The skiing instructor was a tall, _ man. 9. It looks different in _. 10. Computers are now in _ use. III. Translate the following sentences. 1. 他们正搬着些水。他们要去浇花。 They are carrying some _. They are going to _ the flowers. 2. 她又年轻又漂亮。 She is young and _. 3. 在海滨你很快就能晒黑。 You would be _ quickly on the beach. 4. 他高度评价了这一成就。 He rated the _ high.
