1、 人教版(2019)新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Words and Expressions 1.adversity dvsti : n. 困境; 逆境 dilemma dlem: n. (进退两难的)窘境; 困境 in adversity: 在困境/逆境中 in a dilemma: 处于窘境/困境中 in trouble: 在麻烦中 in need: 在危难/贫困中 in difficulty/difficulties:在困难中 1)The old athlete overcame many personal adversitie
2、s. 2)He showed great courage in adversity. 3)We are always ready to deal with adversity. 4)Adversity is a natural part of life, and must be accepted. 2. wage wed: n. 工资 (小时/天/周工资) offer/pay/raise a wage: 提供/支付/上调工资 salary slr: n. (月)工资; 薪水 (也可用来表示年薪) a salary of 300,000 dollars a year: 年薪30万美元 pay:
3、n. 工资; 薪水 get a rise/raise: 涨工资 1)The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low wages and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold weather. 2)The minimum wage is set at 6 dollars an hour. 3)Her wages have gone up. 4)Wages are paid on Fridays. 3. bitter bt
4、(r): adj. 严寒的; 激烈而不愉快的; 味苦的 bitter cold: 严寒 1)Men are wanted for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain. Honour and reward will follow if it is successful. 2)He used to be so cross and bitter that nobody could toler
5、ate him, but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person. 3)It is really bitter out there. 4)The quarrel between Kate and Betty was bitter. 5)The medicine tastes bitter and the baby spat it out. 6)The medicine left a bitter taste in my mouth. expedition expedition 4. expeditio
6、n ekspdn: n. 探险; 远征; 探险队 plan/lead/go on an expedition to .: 计划/带队/去.探险 1)Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. 2)An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Emest Shackleton- this is the adventure that I
7、 have been dreaming of. 3)Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. (真巧/碰巧) 4)They have decided to postpone the expedition until next month. 5. endurance ndjrns: n. 忍耐力; 耐久力 1)Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir E
8、rnest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. 2)The Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. 3)The old soldier showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness. 3)This sport tests both physical and mental endurance. 6. vigour/vigor v(r) : n. 精力; 力量; 活力 energy
9、end: n. 精力; 力量; 活力; 能源 energetic endetk： adj. 精力旺盛的/充沛的 energetically: adv.精力充沛地 be full of energy/vigour: 精力充沛 power pa: n. 力量; 能量; 电力; 体力; 智力 strength stre: n. 力量; 体力; 优势 1)At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. 2)The news filled him with vigour. 3)A brief rest restored the travellers vigo
10、ur. 7. turn sb. down: 拒绝(某人) turn down that man = turn that man down: 拒绝那人 turn me/you/him/her/us/them down: 拒绝我/你/他/她/我们/他们 reject rdekt: v. 拒绝; 抛弃; 不接受; 不录用 refuse rfjuz: v. 拒绝; 回绝;不接受 turn down: 开小 turn up: 开大; 露面; 来到 1)Jack offered to marry her again, but she had already turned him down four tim
11、es. 2)Thank you, but I will turn down your invitation/offer. 8. qualified kwlfad : adj. 符合资格; 具备的知识/技能/学历等 qualification kwlfken： n. 资格; 资历; 学历 be qualified for.: 有的资格 be qualified to do.: 有做什么的资格 1)However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was to
12、o young and wasnt qualified. 2)She is extremely well qualified for the job. 3)There is an urgent need for qualified teachers/doctors. 4)This man is not qualified to drive the bus. 9. enthusiastic njuzistk: adj. 热情的; 热心的 enthusiastically: adv. 热情地; 热心地 enthusiasm njuzizm: n. 热情; 热心 be enthusiastic ab
13、out.: 对. 热情/热心 1)Athough my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic about volunteer work. 2)You should try to be as enthusiastic as possible! 3)He is enthusiastic about both study and physical labour. 10. aboard bd: adv. 去国外; 在国外 board bd: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会 aboard the plane/ship/bus/train： 在飞机上/船上/
14、公共汽车上/火车上 go aboard the plane/ship/bus/train： 登机/上船/上公共汽车/上火车 get aboard the plane/ship/train: 登机/上船/上火车 All aboard! 请大家上车/上船/上火车！ get into/out of a car(train/ship): 上/下小车(火车/船) get on/off a bus (plane/ship/train): 上/下公共汽车(飞机/船/火车) 1)However, he managed to get aboard the Endurance with his friends h
15、elp. 2)They were all aboard the ship/plane last night. 3)All the doctors have gone aboard. 所有医生都上船/飞机/车了。 4)The plane crashed, killing all 188 people aboard. 5)The two patients aboard will be taken to the nearest hospital right away. cupboard cupboard 11. cupboard kbd : n. 橱柜; 壁橱; 衣柜 cup kp: n. 杯子;
16、茶杯; 奖杯 board bd: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会 1)But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 2)He hid in a cupboard, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. 3)This glass belongs in the cupboard. 12. a
17、ssign san: vt. 分派; 布置; 分配 assignment : n. (分派的)工作; 任务 task tsk: n. 任务; 工作 work：n. 工作; 劳动(U.) 1)When the teachers assign much homework, the students usually feel unhappy. 2)The teacher assigned each student a holiday task. 3)We have been assigned the ten large classrooms. 4)She was assigned to the En
18、glish Department/Chongqing University. stewardess steward steward 13. steward stjud : n. (轮船/飞机/火车上的)男乘务员; 男服务员 stewardess stjudes: n. (轮船/飞机/火车上的)女乘务员; 女服务员 servant svnt: n. 仆人; 佣人; 公务员; 雇员 passenger psnd: n. 乘客; 旅客 1)He assigned me to be a steward. 2)A steward is a man who works on a ship, plane,
19、or train, looking after passengers and serving meals to them. 3)My uncle went around the world as a ships steward. 4)We thanked the steward for his good service. 14. envy envi : n. 妒忌 be the envy of sb/sth: 成为.羡慕/忌妒的对象/东西 1)How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing p
20、laces I have been to! 2)I dont envy the young people who have become TV superstars. 3)She has always envied my success/ happiness. 4)I envy you having such a big family. 5)The girl is the envy of all young people. 6)They were full of envy when they saw my new car. 15. crush kr : vt. 毁坏; 压坏; 压碎 n. 拥挤
21、的人群 crash kr： v./n. 坠毁; 猛撞; 碰撞; 撞击 crowd krad: n. 人群; 群众; 观众 v. 拥挤; 挤满; 塞满 ruin - destroy - damage 1)We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. 2)Five people were crushed to death in the accident. 3)The car was completely crushed under the truck. 4)She felt completely crushed by the teachers criticism.
22、 5)Mr Smith and his eight-year-old son got separated in the crush. sink 16. sink sk: vi. 沉没;下沉; 下降 vt. 使下沉; 使沉没 (sank sk /sunk sk - sunk) sink = set = go down: (太阳/月亮)落下 rise: v. (太阳/月亮)升起 1)And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. 2)Their ship has sunk to the bottom of the sea. 3)The sun wa
23、s sinking behind the mountains when we reached the top. 4)The moon is sinking in the west. 17. abandon bndn : vt. 舍弃; 抛弃; 放弃 give up：放弃; 投降 give up doing: 放弃做 1)Before the Endurance sank into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon the ship, and the crew had to camp on ice. 2)The baby was aban
24、doned by its mother. 3)Snow forced many drivers to abandon their cars. stove stove 18. stove stv: n. 炉具; 厨房灶具 cook kk: v. 煮; 烹饪; 烹调 n. 厨师; 炊事员 cooker kk: n. 炊具; 厨具 1)She put a pan of water on the stove. 2)You get some water and Ill light the stove. 3)The temperature in the stove remains high after t
25、he fire was put out. blanket 19. blanket blkt: n. 毯子 carpet kpt: n. 地毯 1)Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies - the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. 2)The mother put a blanket over t
26、he sleeping child. 20. belongings blz: n. pl. 财物; 动产 belong bl: v. 该在; 处在; 适应 belong to.：属于; .是成员 1)We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. 2)The woman collected/gathered/packed her belongings and left the hotel. 3)Please dont forg
27、et your belongings when you get off. banjo banjo 21. banjo bnd: n. 班卓琴(乐器) (复数：banjos) play the piano/organ/violin/guitar/ banjo/bagpipes： 弹钢琴/弹风琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他/ 弹班卓琴/吹风笛 1)But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. 2)How well can you play the banjo? 22. miserable mzrbl: adj. 痛苦的;令人难受的 mis
28、erably: adv. 痛苦地; 艰苦地; 令人难受地; 悲惨地 desperate desprt: adj. 拼命的; 绝望的 desperately: adv. 绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地 despair dspe(r): n. 绝望 in despair: 失望地; 绝望地 1)We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rock shore of this miserable place. 2)Although he was living a miserable life, he had a very kin
29、d heart. 3)I spent a miserable weekend alone at home. 4)What a miserable day it is today! voyage 23. voyage vd: n. 航行; 航天 trip: n. 旅行 (普通用词，常指短途旅行) journey dn: n. 旅行; 旅程 (最普通用词，主要指时间较长、 距离较远的陆上/水上/空中的旅行。) tour: n. 旅游; 观光 (距离可长可短) travel: n. 旅行 (泛指旅行的行为) 1)Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to
30、 find help on South Georgia Island, 1, 320 kilometres away - the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 2)Their voyage did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice. 3)He went on a voyage around the world. 4)The voyage proved that the ear
31、th is round. 5)This is a voyage into space. navy navy 24. navy nevi: n. 海军; 海军部队 join the navy：参加海军 join the army： 参加陆军 join the air force： 参加空军 1)No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. 2)Henry joined the navy when he was 20 and he is retired now.
32、 3)The navy is/are considering buying eleven new warships. 25. decent disnt: adj. 相当不错的; 正派的; 得体的 descendant dsendnt: n. 后代; 子孙 ancester: n. 祖先 a decent meal/job/place: 相当不错的饭菜/工作/地方 1)There is a need for more money so that all children may have a decent education. 2)The people around here are ordin
33、ary, decent, hard-working people. 3)The girl wants to have a decent job. 26. cosy/cozy kzi: adj. 温馨的; 舒适的 (比较级: cosier 最高级: cosiest) cosily/cozily: adv. 舒适地; 惬意地 comfortable : adj. (使人)舒服的; 舒适的 comfortably: adv. 舒服地; 舒适地 1)I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy b
34、edroom, sunny days and my mothers face. 2)With the gentle music, soft lights, and comfortable sofas, this cafe is everything you need after a tiring day. It is a cosy and relaxing place. 3)We felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire. 4)She has a cosy and warm bedroom. 27. selfish self : adj. 自私的 selfi
35、shly: adv.自私地;任性地 selfless selfls: adj. 无私的 selflessly : adv. 无私地 It be selfish/selfless of sb to do.: 某人做什么是自私的/无私的 1)He is selfish and does not like to help others. 2)Some people think that you are selfish at times. 3)It is selfish not to let other know this good thing. 4)It was selfish of him to
36、leave all the work to you. 28. good/bad-tempered: adj. 脾气好的/坏的 1)How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! 2)Peters mother is a good-tempered/ bad-tempered woman. 3)My dad is the most good-tempered/ bad-tempered person in my family. 29. genuine denjun : adj. 真正的; 真诚的; 可信赖的
37、genuine = real: 真的 real flower/gold/leather/diamond/ pearl/silk: 真花/金/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝 (指物品是真的而非假冒或人造的时, 常可与 genuine 换用) fake: 假的(指伪造的、冒充的) fake news/fur/leather/diamond/ pearl/silk/laugh/smlie: 假新闻/皮毛/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝/笑 true - false (指什么与事实是否相符, 而非妄言或虚假的) 1)Do you think it is genuine/real/fake gold? 2)Only gen
38、uine/real farmers can apply for the cheap houses. 3)The old woman is very genuine. 4)Her father is a very genuine person. 5)This is a genuine painting by Picasso. 30. perseverance psvrns : n. 毅力; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神 1)Study requires perseverance. 2)The Chinese people show great perseverance in the face of d
39、ifficulty. 3)For work and life, you need passion and perseverance. 31. persevere psv(r) : vi. 坚持; 孜孜以求 persevere in sth: 对什么坚持不懈 persevere in doing sth: 对做什么坚持不懈 persevere with sth: 对什么坚持不懈 persevere with sb: 对某人坚持不懈 1)Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. 2)
40、If you persevere (with the work), you will succeed in the end. 3)The child persevered with her violin lessons. 4)All teachers will have to persevere with difficult students. 32. resolve rzlv: vi. 决心; 解决(问题或困难) n. 决心; 坚定的信念 resolve to do.: 决定/决心做什么 resolve on sth/on doing sth: 决定什么/做什么 resolve an iss
41、ue/a conflict/a crisis: 解决问题/冲突/危机 decide dsad：v. 决定 (decision: n. ) determine: v. 决定 (determination: n. ) solve slv: v. 解决; 处理; 解答; 破解 (solution: n.) settle: v. 解决; 结束;停留; 定居 address : v. 解决; 处理; 对付 1)Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. 2)The f
42、armer resolved/decided/ determined to report the matter to the government. 3)She resolved (that) she would never see him again. 4)The government has done nothing to resolve the conflict over nurses pay. 5)This will not shake his resolve. 33. resolution rezlun: n. 决议; 解决; 坚定 pass/adopt/carry a resolu
43、tion: 通过一项决议 1)For the whole morning, the board of directors(董事会) have been discussing the resolution to increase wages in the coming year. 2)The resolution was carried by a huge majority. 3)That would be the best resolution of the crisis. 4)You should show more resolution. 34. crew kru: n.专业团队; 一群人
44、; (轮船/飞机等上面的)全体工作人员 staff(全体职工/雇员) , crew(全体船员/乘务员), majority(大多数), minority(少数)作主语时, 动词可以用单数, 也可以用复数。 1)Although the captain was angry, he assigned the boy the job of cooking for the crew. 2)The ships crew is/are seeing a film on the deck. 3)Her crew consists of teachers from six senior schools. 4)
45、I found a crew of foreign students at the university. 5)How many crew does he need to do the work? 6)The nine crew on the plane were released unharmed. 35. cruel krul: adj. 残酷的; 残忍的; 冷酷的 be cruel to: 对残酷/冷酷 be rude to: 对无礼/粗鲁 be mean to.: 对.刻薄 be friendly to: 对友好 be nice/good/kind to.: 对.好 be thankf
46、ul/grateful to.:对.感谢/感激 1)Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young. 2)I cant stand people who are cruel to animals/old people. 3)His cruel father nearly beat him to death. 36. thorough r: adj. 深入的; 彻底的; 细致的 thoroughly: adv.非常; 极其; 彻底; 完全 through ru: 通过; 穿过; 因为 though/although l: 虽然; 但是 thought t:
47、n. 思想; 想法 1)The officer was assigned to conduct/ do a thorough investigation into the incident. 2)The scientist has a thorough knowledge of the subject. 3)If you want to do business, you should carry out thorough market research. 4)He made a very thorough analysis on the situation. 37. furniture fnt
48、(r): n. 家具 (U.) a piece of furniture : 一件家具 1)It took him a lot of vigour to move all the items of furniture inside the house. 2)We will buy more furniture for the new offices. 3)All the furniture is made of wood. 4)We have got rid of all the old furniture. 38. unfortunately nftntli: adv. 不幸地;遗憾地 fo
49、rtunately: adv. 幸运地 fortunate ftnt: adj. 幸运的; 侥幸的; 吉利的 fortune ftn ftun： n. 运气; 机会; 幸运; 财富 luck lk：n. 幸运; 运气; 命运 lucky lk: adj. 幸运的; 吉祥的 luckily: adv. 幸运地 unluckily: adv. 不幸地 1)Unfortunately, his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 2)Her mother unfortunatel
50、y passed away last year. 3)I cant make it to the airport, unfortunately. 39. fortunately ftntli: adv. 幸运地 1)I was late, but fortunately the conference hadnt started. 2)Fortunately (for her), she was soon offered another job. 3)Fortunately (for John), he has a good wife. bark 40. bark bk: vi. 吠叫声 1)T
