1、Unit4 Natural disasters 核心考点归纳核心考点归纳 【重点单词】【重点单词】 1rescue n损坏(教材损坏(教材 P50) (1)be/lie in ruins 倒塌,破败不堪 fall/come into ruin 成为废墟;毁灭 (2)ruin ones future/health 毁掉某人的前程/健康 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 The ancient temple has been_in_ruins and needs repairing. 这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪,需要修理。 Drunkdriving not only ruined_himself
2、 but also killed several passersby. 醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。 Going to bed too late ruins_your_health,_so you should quit this habit. 太晚睡觉损害健康,因此你应该戒除这个习惯。 6 shock n. 震惊震惊;令人震惊的事令人震惊的事;休克休克vt. (使使)震惊震惊(教教材材 P50) 归纳 拓展 (1)in shock 震惊;吃惊;休克 be a shock to .使吃惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的;惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对吃惊 be
3、 shocked to do sth. 因某事而吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的(常用来形容物) He was found beaten and in_shock. 发现他被打得休克了。 Her falling in love with the poor young man was_a_shock_to_us. 她爱上了这个贫穷的年轻人,这令我们大为震惊。 The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very much shocked_at it. 他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊,以至于每个人听到时都
4、感到很震惊。 I was_shocked_to_hear_that our factory would have to close. 听说我们工厂要关闭,我非常震惊。 7 trap vt. 使落入险境使落入险境;使陷入圈套使陷入圈套n. 险境险境;陷阱陷阱(教教材材 P50) 归纳 拓展 (1)be trapped in .困在中,陷入 trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 (2)lay/set a trap for . 为设下圈套 fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套 They were_trapped_in the burning buildin
5、g. 他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。 The liar trapped_me_into_believing his story. 这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故事。 She had set_a_trap_for him and he had walked straight into it. 她给他设下圈套,他就径直钻了进去。 You fell_right_into_my_trap. 你恰恰中了我的计。 8bury vt. 埋葬;安葬埋葬;安葬(教材教材 P50) 归纳 拓展 bury sth. in 把埋到里 bury ones face in hands 双手掩面 bury oneself in 埋头
6、于;专心于;沉浸于 He was_buried_in Highgate Cemetery. 他被安葬在海格特墓地。 She buried her face in the pillow. 她把脸埋进枕头里。 The scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he was always burying_himself_in his study. 那位科学家对此事一无所知,因为他一直专心于做他的研究工作。 9 suffer vt. 遭受遭受;蒙受蒙受vi. (因疾病因疾病、痛苦痛苦、悲伤等悲伤等)受苦受苦 (教材教材 P51) 归纳 拓展 (1
7、)suffer pain/a defeat/loss/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/损失/艰难/破坏 suffer from 受折磨;患病 (2)suffering n. 痛苦;苦恼;疼痛 (3)sufferer n. 受难者;患病者 It was as a result of the accident that the company suffered_a_great_loss. 正是由于那次事故该公司遭受了重大损失。 She has_been_suffering_from the loss of memory since she had that car accident
8、. 自从那次车祸以来,她便患了失忆症。 The old man has_suffered enough. He suffered_from cold and hunger when he was young. Recently his sons death brought him more sufferings. 这个老人受的苦够多了。他年轻时曾遭受寒冷和饥饿之苦。最近,他儿子的 死又给他带来了更多的痛苦。 10survive vi.生存生存;存活存活 t.幸存幸存;艰难度过(教材艰难度过(教材 P52) (1)survive t.比活得长 (2)survive from 经过之后还存在 su
9、rvive on 依靠存下来 (3)survivor n.幸存者 survival n.【U】幸存 【C】残存物 As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years. 据我所知,这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。 These players have to survive_on their abilities. 这些运动员得靠能力才能不被淘汰。 This tradition survived_from earlier times. 这个传统是从早年留存下来的。 Officials said there were no
10、survivors of the plane crash. 官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。 11calm adj.镇静的镇静的;沉着的沉着的 vt.使平静,使镇静(教材使平静,使镇静(教材 P53) (1)calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来;镇静下来 (2)stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静 (3)calmness n.镇静;沉着 I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed_down. 我把小鸟放到窝里,它很快平静了下来。 Try to keep_calm and just tell me what happe
11、ned. 镇静点,告诉我出了什么事。 We admired his calmness under pressure. 我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。 12aid n.援助援助;帮助帮助;救援物资救援物资 vt.援助(教材援助(教材 P53) (1)with the aid of 在的帮助下 in aid of 用以援助 come to ones aid 帮助某人 Whats. in aid of?究竟是为什么(发生);是做什么用的? (2)aid sb.in(doing)sth.帮助某人做某事 aid sb.with sth.以某事/某物帮助某人 He was breathing only wit
12、h_the_aid_of a ventilator. 他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。 She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come_to_her_aid. 如果那些好心人不来帮助她,她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。 Whats this little handle in_aid_of? 这个小把手有什么用? 13sweep vt.清扫(教材清扫(教材 P54) sweep away 消灭,彻底消除,完全打消 sweep up 打扫;清扫;一下抱起某人 sweep asid
13、e 漠视,不理会,把放在一边 sweep out 打扫干净 sweep over 突然袭来 make a clean sweep of(在比赛、选举等中)大获全胜;(公司或机构的)大换班, 大改变 The town was_swept_away in the earthquake. 城镇在那次地震中被毁灭了。 He swept_the_leaves_up into a pile. 他把树叶扫成一堆。 He swept_aside the papers on his desk to make room for the large book. 他把桌上文件推开以便空出地方放那本大书。 I want
14、 to make_a_clean_sweep_of everything Ive learnt and start afresh. 我要和以前学的那些东西一刀两断,一切从头开始。 14 strike vi.结果结果;效果(教材效果(教材 P55) (1)have an effect on/upon sth.对有效;对影响 come/go into effect 生效 take effect 生效;奏效 bring/put. into effect 实施 in effect 实际上 (2)effective adj.有效的;有影响的 (3)affect ot.影响 Her criticisms
15、had_the_effect_of_discouraging him completely. 她批评的结果是使他完全丧失了信心。 The recommendations will soon be_put_into_effect. 这些建议即将付诸实施。 The aspirins soon take_effect. 阿司匹林药片见效很快。 In_effect,_well be earning less than we were last year. 实际上,我们的收入会比去年少。 【重点短语】【重点短语】 1on hand 现有(尤指帮助)(教材现有(尤指帮助)(教材 P53) on the o
16、ne hand., on the other hand.方面 另一方面 in hand 在手中 hand in hand 携手;手拉手,密切合作 Luckily, the volunteers had several ships on_hand,_which could take the people to the safety. 幸运的是,志愿者手上还有几艘船,可以把人们转移到安全的地方。 Inaword,weshouldon_the_one_hand studyhard,and on_the_other_hand,_pay attention to our health. 总之,一方面我们
17、要努力学习,另一方面要注意我们的健康。 She always had a great deal of work in_hand,_but no one ever heard her complain. 她手头总有许多工作要做,但从没有人听到她发过怨言。 In the days to come he will walk hand_in_hand with us. 在未来的日子里,他会跟我们手拉手一起走。 【重点语句】【重点语句】 1 Mice ran out of the fields looking_for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方
18、躲藏。(教材教材 P50) 剖析 本句是简单句, 其中 looking for places to hide 作 ran 的伴 随状语, 状语中 looking for 表示的动作与句子的谓语 ran 表示的动作同时发生。 归纳 拓展 现在分词作伴随状语 现在分词表示主动,所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的 动作同时或者几乎同时发生。现在分词作状语,是对谓 语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴 随状语的具体用法如下: (1)现在分词作伴随状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主 语,且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 (2)现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子谓语动词表示 的动作而发生或存在的
19、, 是主语的另一个较次要的动作。 (3)现在分词作伴随状语时一般置于句末。 (4)现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与 之相互转换,但可以转换为相应的并列句。 He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。 He lay on the grass, staring_at the sky for a long time. He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。 She came into the room, carr
20、ying a lot of books. She came into the room, and carried a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。 名师点津现在分词前加 not 即可构成其否定形式。 2 It seemed as_if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!仿佛世界末日即将来临!(教材教材 P50) 剖析as if 意为“仿佛, 好像”, 其意义和用法与 as though 相同。 归纳 拓展 (1)as if 从句用陈述语气 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 (2)as if 从句用虚拟语气。
21、(3)as if 引导的从句有时可用省略形式,as if 后面可接副 词、不定式、名词、分词或介词短语等。 There is a lot of cloud. It seems as_if its going to rain. 有这么多乌云,看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气) She looks as_if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了 10 岁。(虚拟语气) He acted as_if (he were) a fool. 他做起事来像个傻瓜。 The boy looked as_if (he was) in search of something.
22、 那个男孩看起来好像在寻找什么东西似的。 The man stops from time to time as_if (he is) to find whether he is being followed. 这个人时不时停下来,好像在看是否有人在跟踪他。 3 Thousands of children were left without parents. 成千上万的孩子成了孤儿。成千上万的孩子成了孤儿。(教材教材 P50) 剖析 thousands of children were left without parents 是 left thousands of children witho
23、ut parents 的被动形式。 without parents 是介宾短语,作主语补足语,表示主语所处的状 态。 归纳 拓展 “leave宾语宾补”结构 在该结构中 leave 表示“让处于(某种状态、 某地等)”, 其后通常接复合宾语,其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副 词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等充当。其常见结 构归纳如下: (1)leave宾语形容词/副词/介词短语。 (2)leave宾语现在分词,表示使某人或某物一直处于 某种状态。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上 的主谓关系。 (3)leave宾语过去分词,表示宾语所处的状态或动作 已经完成。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成
24、逻辑上 的动宾关系。 (4)leave宾语名词。 Dont leave_the_door_open. 别让门开着。 Dont leave_the_computer_on when you go out. 你出去时别让计算机一直开着。 He hurried home, leaving_his_keys_in_the_office. 他匆忙赶回家,把钥匙忘在了办公室。 Dont leave_me_waiting outside too long. 别让我在外面等太久。 The bad weather left_the_project_halffinished. 糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。 4
25、About 75_percent of the citys factories and buildings . 这座城市大约这座城市大约 75%的工厂和建筑的工厂和建筑(教材教材 P50) 归纳 拓展 (1)分数的表达法:分子在前,分母在后;分子用基数词, 分母用序数词。分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。 (2)百分数的表达法:百分数是由基数词和百分号或 percent 构成的。 (3)“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复 数由 of 后面的名词的单复数决定,即当名词为可数名词 复数形式时,谓语动词用复数形式;当名词为可数名词 单数形式或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Abou
26、t one_third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有 1/3 值得一读。 Only 60_percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干了 60%的活儿。 About 20_percent of the students are absent today. 今天大约有 20%的学生缺席。 【单元语法【单元语法-定语从句定语从句】 一、定义 1在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被 修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2关系词分为关系代词(that, which,
27、 who, whom, whose, as 等)和关系副词 (when, where, why 等)两类。 二、关系代词的用法 1who 指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Danny is a man who we should learn from. 丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语) 2whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用 who 代替。 The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is Rose. 老
28、师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗丝。(作宾语) 3whose 可修饰人,也可修饰物,表“所属”关系, whose 在定语从句中作 定语。 Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 任何家境贫寒,上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语) He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语) 4which 指事物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。 China is a count
29、ry which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语) The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work. 他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语) 5that 既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语 时可省略。习惯上指人多用 who,whom,指物多用 which。 This is the novel that interests me. 这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物,作主语) The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost. 我昨天买
30、的那本杂志丢了。(指物,作宾语) 三、关系词只能用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句的情况 1先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食品。 2先行词是不定代词,如 all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none 等时。 Have
31、you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗? All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。 3先行词被 all, every, no, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are not mine. 我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。 The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。 4当先行词既指人,又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 5当主句是以 who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing? 你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用?