1、新必修一 unit5 课文 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PASTAND THE PRESENT China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the
2、main factors has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longguanimal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in
3、todays hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, howeve
4、r, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221- -207 BCE). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and cultur
5、e. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chi
6、nese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese cult
7、ure. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language. 中文书写系统: 连接过去和现在 中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名， 尽管在它的历史上有许多起起落落。 这是可能 的原因有很多，但其中一个主要的因素是中国的文字系统。 最初，书面中文是一种以图画为基础的语言。它可以追溯到几
8、千年前的龙鼓使用-动物的骨 头和贝壳上雕刻符号的古代中国人。在今天的汉字中还可以看到一些古代的符号。 到了商朝(约公元前 1600-1046 年)，这些符号已经成为一种非常发达的书写系统。随着时间 的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为那时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多不同 的方言和汉字。 然而， 这种情况在秦朝(公元前 221 年-公元前 207 年)的秦始皇时期发生了改 变。 秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。 这种书写系统对于中国人民和文化的统一起到了重要的作用。 即使在今天， 无论中国人住在 哪里，说什么方言，他们仍然可以用文字交流。
9、书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。 现代的人们可以阅读古代中国人写的经典 作品。 人们对中国文字系统的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展中体现出来， 即 中国书法，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。 今天， 中国的书写系统仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。 随着中国在全球事务中扮演越来越 重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 base vt.以为根据 n基部；基地；基础 应试方向 过去分词句式功能的考查 教材 P10 It was based more on German than the English we speak at presen
10、t.比起现在我 们说的(英语)它更大程度上是以德语为基础的。 baseAon B把 A 建立在 B 的基础上 (sth.) be based on. 以为基础 on the basis of 根据；在的基础上 basic adj.基本的；基础的(做表语做表语) basically adv.基本上 名师微语 在作状语表示“基于为背景(考虑)”时，常用的结构为：“based on.”；在 作定语时表示“基于的事物”时，也常用过去分词作后置定语，如：theory based on facts 基于事实的理论。 A语法填空语法填空 _(base) an important decision more
11、on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later. 答案 Basing _ (base) on my own opinion，this one is far better than that one. 答案 Based Though he has some shortcomings, He is _(base)a nice person. 答案 basically (2014湖南卷)Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers wh
12、o can help you with_(base) writing skills. 答案 basic B完成句子完成句子 (2015郑州一模)After all，the doctorpatient relationship _trust，and therefore honesty is essential.毕竟， 医患关系是以信任为基础的， 因此诚信是至关重要的。 答案 is based on symbol 辨析比较 signal, mark, sign 与 symbol signal意为“信号”，常指为某一目的而发出的信号 mark 意为“标志，标记”，含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印迹或某
13、物上用于辨别该物品的标志， 比 sign 更侧重于区别性或揭示 性的标志，有时不一定十分直观或明显 sign 意为“记号，标记”，用法最广，可指符号，也可指具体的用 于识别或指示的标志，如指示牌、卡片等。也作“征兆，迹 象”讲 symbol 意为“象征，符号”，常指被人们选出的物体或图案用来代表 另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征 variety 【原句回放】 You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, . 你可能因多种情况 受伤：灼热的液体、水蒸汽. 【点拨】variety n. 不同种类，多种式样；多样化，综
14、艺节目 常用短语常用短语：a variety of 多种的，各种各样的 There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。 I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象很深。 There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine. 她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。 【拓展】various adj. 各种各样的 vary v. 使多样化，(使)变化，不同 m
15、ajor 用法详解 (1)adj.主要的;重要的;大的(一般做前置定语) The major problem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties.目前的主要问题是如何克 服所有的困难。 Amajor earthquake happened in Japan on March 11, 2011. 2011 年 3 月 11 日,日本发生了大地震。 (2)n.C主修课程;专业课 vi.主修 搭配: major in 主修 The student, majoring in economics at college, made a co
16、mment on the matter. 那个大学专业是经济学的学生对此事做了评论。 She majors in management. That is, her major is management. 她主修管理学。也就是说,她的专业课是管理学。 mean 【点拨】meanadj. 吝啬的，自私的；卑鄙的 be mean with sth.在某方面吝啬 He is very mean with his money.他在金钱方面很吝啬。 That is a mean trick.那是卑鄙手段。 v. 意欲，打算；意味着 mean to do sth打算做某事 I mean to go tom
17、orrow.我打算明天走。 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)要努力学习。 be meant for注定要成为 I was never meant for the army.我根本就不是当兵的材料。 appreciate appreciate doing.感激做 I would appreciate it if.假如我将不胜感激 appreciation n.欣赏；感激 in appreciation of 欣赏；感激 I would appreciate it if you could
18、 offer me a hand. 如果你能帮我我将不胜感激。 And Ill appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply. 如果你能早点回信我将非常感激。 Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase. 如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。(2010重庆书面表达) 特别提醒特别提醒 (1)appreciate 后接 v.-ing 形式。 (2)其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。 (
19、3)其后不直接跟 if 或 when 引导的从句，需先接 it，再接从句。 夯实基础夯实基础 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)I dont appreciatebeing treated(treat) like a second-class citizen. (2)He expressed hisappreciation(appreciate) for what she had done. 其他单词 native Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of E
20、nglish.即便不说同一种英语,这些以英语为母语的人也能明白彼此。 用法详解 (1)adj. 出生地的,祖国的 (+to)本土的,本国的,(某地)土生的 (2)n.C(+of)本地人,本国人,(某地)原有的动/植物 归纳拓展 go native 入乡随俗;同化 经典例句 The kangaroo is native ofAustralia.袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种土生动物。 He has lived in the USA for many years and gone completely native. 他在美国居住多年,已完全适应了当地人的生活方式。 As a third-generatio
21、n native of Brownsville Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away 作 为得克萨斯州布朗斯维尔地区第三代土生土长的人,米尔德里德加尔萨从来没有计划过离开 此地。 Point 6 例单句语法填空 (1)The banana is native _ Taiwan. (2)We should have gone _(natively)when living with the local people but we ignored. (3) When were on holiday in Canada, we live lik
22、e the _ (native). (4)The panda is a native _ China. 答(1)to 句意:香蕉原产于台湾。考查介词。 be native to.原产于 (2)native 句意:跟当地人住在一起的时候,我们本应该入乡随俗, 但我们忽略了这一点。 go native 为固定搭配,表示“(移民、访客等)入乡随俗”。 (3) natives 句意:我们在加拿大度假时,就像当地人那样生活。 native 做名词时为可数名词,意 为“当地人”,根据句意可知此处应该用复数。 (4)of attitude 例句： An attitude is what person thi
23、nks about something.态度是一个人对某事的看法。 用法详解 attitude.C态度,看法。 attitude 前常用 good, bad, positive, negative 等形容词修饰。 an attitude to/toward(s)对的态度/看法 have/show/an. attitude to/toward(s).对持态度 take a/an attitude to/toward(s)对采取态度 an attitude of mind 心态问题 What s your attitude to/toward(s) this idea? 你对这种想法持什么态度?
24、He took friendly attitude toward(s) us.他对我们采取了友善的态度。 He shows very positive attitude to his work.他的工作态度非常积极。 Being rich or poor is simply an attitude of mind.贫富仅仅是心态问题。 归纳拓展 attitude 容易和 altitude (n.海拔,高度) 混淆,其他以后级-itude 结尾的词还有: latitude (n.纬度)longitude (n.经度)multitude (n.大量;群众) 例 1.单句语法填空 (2019安徽师大
25、附中高一上期末)Only when you take a positive attitude _ the project will you enjoy the whole process. 2.单句写作 (1)How to face failure in exams is _(心态问题) (2)I dislike him because he always _(对有不好的态度) 常见搭配: the people around him. (3)Its time _(你改变对女性的态度) now, Tom; they hold up half the sky, you know. 答案：1.to/
26、towards 2. (1)an attitude of mind (2)has a bad attitude to/towards (3) you changed your attitude to/ towards women refer to If the word group refers to different members, use plural verb.如果“group”这个单词指不同的成员, 谓语动词用复数。 用法详解 refer to 中的 to 是介词,后可接名词、代词或动名词。常见含义: (1)提到;谈及;说起 I promised not to refer to t
27、he matter again.我答应过再也不提这件事了。 (2)查阅;参考 Please refer to the last page of the book. 请查阅书的最后一页。 (3)涉及;与相关 These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。 This paragraph refers to the events of last year 这段说的是去年发生的事。 特别提醒 注 refer 意的过去式和过去分词,要双写 r,再加-ed,即 referreferredreferred。 refer to 和 look up 都可以表示“查阅
28、”,但二者是有区别的: refer to 后接所查的工具书或资料, 如词典、笔记、参考书等 look up 后接 word, phrase 等需要查找的对象。 Point 4 单句语法填空 (1)(2016河北唐山期中)It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. (2)(2016湖北八校第二次联考) In my class, there is a really weak-looking guy. I dont actually know if
29、 his name is Vit or Wit. I will refer to him _ Wit in this story of mine. 【答案解析】 (1)refer to 句意:他在那次重要的考试中查阅笔记真是太愚蠢了,结果他受到了惩罚。 refer to 意为“查阅;参考”,符合语境。 (2)as 句意:在我的班里,有个长相很不好的人,实际上我不知道他的名字是维特还是威特。 在我 这个故事里我将把他称为威特。 refer toas意为“称为”。 system 教材 P25In our solar system eight planets circle around the su
30、n.在我们的太阳系中,有八个行 星围绕太阳运转。 用法详解 system n.C(器官)系统,身体;体系,制度;系统。常见搭配: the solar system 太阳系 the immune system 免疫系统 global positioning system(GPS)全球定位系统 the economic system 经济制度 get sth. out of ones system 宣泄,消解(强烈的感情或欲望) I was angry, so I went for a run to get it out of my system. 我生气了, 所以我去跑步来消消气 归纳拓展 sy
31、stematic adj.系统的;有条理的 unsystematic adj.乱的,杂乱无章的 Point 1 单句写作 (1)Taking a walk in the morning is good for _(我们的身体) (2)I usually watch football matches to get the troubles in my work _ (宣泄) (3)The way theyve collected their data is not very _(有条理的). 【答案解析】 (1)our systems 句意:早晨散步有益于我们的身体。 (2)out of my
32、system 句意:我通常观看足球赛来消解我工作中的烦恼。 (3)systematic 句意:他们收集资料的方法不是很有条理。 despite 1.单句改错 (1) Despite apply for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. _ 答案applyapplying 单句语法填空 (1)(2014江西卷改编) It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great _ (wealthy) 【答案解析】 (1)wealth 句意:真是难以相信啊,尽管卢卡
33、斯先生很富有,但他还是过着简朴的生活。 单句写作(结合同源宾语的用法完成句子) (1)让人难以置信的是,尽管卢卡斯先生很富有,但他过着简朴的生活。 It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas is _ despite his great wealth. 【答案】 (1)leading/living a simple life date back to. = date from. 追溯到，从时候开始就有了 典例 The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。 短语归纳 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入短语
34、或所给词的适当形式。 (1). The custom _ _ hundreds of years. (2). Our friendship_ _ _ the late 70s. (3). This is a law _ (date) from the 17th century. Keys: (1). dates back(2). dates back to(3). Dating bone Our dog likes to bury his bones.我们的狗喜欢埋藏骨头。 When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to
35、find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.当科学家们观察它们的骨头时,他们惊奇地发现它 们不仅能像其他恐龙一样可以跑而且还可以爬树。 (2014山东卷) Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. 除了给这个地区的所有婴儿接生以外,夏洛特还给那些四肢受伤的人们
36、做手术,给那些断骨的 人们接骨复位。 Our schools offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone was a moving act. 我们学校答应帮助那些患骨质疏松症的孩子们，这是令人感动的举动。 On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with bones”on them. 在这个重要的节日里,人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕 dialect When people use words an
37、d expressions different from thestandard language, it is called a dialect. 人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时,那种语言就被称为方言。 Geography also plays part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。 Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.虽 然许多美国人经常搬家,但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。 Jac
38、k changed lot, and spoke a southern dialect, but I finally recognized him.杰克变化很大,并且 讲南方方言,但我最终还是认出了他。 regard regardas 表“把看作作” 其近义表达有: treat.as. think of.as. look on.as. consider.as. take.as 【拓展】 regardless of 不管；不顾 典例 1). Ill take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。 2). He says what he thi
39、nks, regardless of other peoples feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别 人的情绪。 练习 翻译下面的句子。 1). 他不顾危险，跳进河里救那个溺水的小孩。 _ 2). 不管天气怎样，我都会去。 _ Keys: 1). He jumped into the river to save the little drowning boy the danger. 2). I will go regardless of the weather. character Childhood experiences play a great part in shaping
40、 ones character. 童年经历在塑造人的性格方面起重要作用。 He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.他塑造的可爱的“小流浪汉”角色开始闻名于世,而查理也变得越来越受欢 迎。 In general, everyone has his own unique character. 一般来说,每个人都有自己独特的个性。 He can quickly assess persons character.他能很快评定出
41、一个人的品质。 affair Don t concern yourself with other peoples affairs.干涉他人的事。 He is a person who is concerned with state affairs.他是一个关心国家大事的人。 He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments on current affairs.他是一个直言不讳的人, 喜欢评论时事。 辨析比较event/ accident/ matter/ affair 易混词区别 event 重要事情;比赛项目。 The foundati
42、on of the PRC was a great event of 1949. 中华人民共和国的成立是 1949 年的重大事件。 accident 强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。 One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers. 每七起交通事故就有一起是驾驶员困倦造成的。 matter 着重指需要考虑的或需要处理的事情。 They have important matters to talk about.他们有重要的事情要谈。 affair 公共事务,政治事务(多用复数形式);个人的事。 The minister is busy with
43、 state affairs 部长忙于处理国务。 specific 【原句回放】 .based on general ideas rather than specific examples.(教材 P4)根据大体的想 法而不是具体的事例。 【点拨】specific adj.确切的；特定的；特效的；特有的确切的；特定的；特效的；特有的 The trouble with Bill was that he never had a specific aim in life.比尔的问题是他从未 有过明确的人生目标。 There is no specific remedy for the malady.
44、没有医治这种病的特效药。 【拓展】to be specific 说得明确些；具体地说 be specific to 对是特有的 specifically adv.确切地；具体地；特别地 To be specific，he is 54 years old，though he looks much younger.具体地说，他已经 54 岁了，尽管看起来很年轻。 As far as I know，the animal is specific to this area. 据我所知，这种动物是这个地区特有的。 注意区别：注意区别：specific/special specific 着重指某种、某类事物
45、具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的 事物。强调“特定的；具体的”。注意：specific 意为“特定的；具体的”时常用于名 词前作定语 special 普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。强 调“与众不同的；特殊的”，既可作定语，又可作表语。 Aspecial hospital has been set up to treat patients suffering a specific disease. 为了治疗患一种特定疾病的病人建了一个特殊医院。 struggle Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and
46、his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确,他被太阳晒得黝黑的 脸庞和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体,就跟其他千百万中国农民一样为了他们,他在过 去五十年里一直在拼搏奋斗着。 用法详解 (1)v.奋斗,努力,争取;挣扎脱身,搏斗;斗争,抗争。常见搭配: struggle for sth.努力争取 struggle to do sth.努力/争取做 struggle with sb./
47、sth.与斗争 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来 struggle against sb./sth.与抗争与斗争 Her mother has been struggling against her illness for many years.她妈妈已经与疾病抗争了许 多年。 Shes struggling to bring up family on a very low income. 她以微薄的收入艰难地养活一家人。 (2)n.斗争;奋斗;努力。常见搭配: for sth. 支持某事的斗争 struggleagainst sth. 反对某事的斗争 between
48、Aand BA 与 B 之间的斗争 The organization will carry on a struggle against hunger. 该组织将继续开展反饥饿的斗争。 It is a struggle between good and evil.那是一场善恶之争。 活学考例 (2015陕西卷) Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.鲁宾孙暗示这可能是因为父母自己在努力理解孩子们的功课。 He struggled to control t
49、he expression on his face.(人教5) 他竭力控制自己的面部表情。 (2012北京卷) There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival.有更多的人,他们有理由也有权利想 要更好的生活,而不是仅仅为生存而挣扎。 We also had different students in some classes, so it was a str
50、uggle for me to remember all the faces and names.(译林1)上某些课的时候班上的学生也不一样,所以对我来说记住所有人 的面孔和名字可是一件难事。 Point 3 单句语法填空 (1)(2016浙江绍兴一中期末) His best works describe a persons struggle _ survival against the powerful forces of nature. (2)(2016山东实验中学诊断性考试) If you are reading this and you struggle _ your weight o
