1、新牛津高中英语语法讲练十新牛津高中英语语法讲练十作定语和结果状语的不定式作定语和结果状语的不定式 不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，有很多功能，这其中包括作定语和结果状语。 动词不定式作定语的用法动词不定式作定语的用法 动词不定式作定语一般不止一个词，通常都是动词不定式短语。因此，作定语的动词不 定式放在名词或代词的后面，起修饰和限制作用。如： House prices are too high, so I have no room to live in. I have to hire a room. He showed me the way to do the job. Today is Sun
2、day. I have nothing to do. 放在名词或代词后面作定语的不定式和名词或代词常构成以下关系： 1.前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动形式。如： Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He is the most suitable person to do the job. 2.前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语，但不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式 用主动形式。如： I have a meeting to attend. I am hungry and I want to
3、find something to eat. 这种结构中，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，不能忽视介词。如： Now we can not find any ice to skate on. =There is no ice (for us) to skate on. This is a good topic (for us) to talk about. 3.前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语，但不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或不定 式没有主语，不定式用被动形式。如： -Mary, do you have any clothes to be washed after supper. -.No
4、. Thank you. Mother! 这个对话又可以进行这样的变化： -Mary, do you have any clothes for me to wash after supper. -.No. Thank you. Mother! The house to be built there will be a hospital. 4.不定式的意思完整，和前面的名词或代词没有动作上的关系，仅起修饰作用。不定式 用主动形式。如： He showed me the way to do the work. She expressed a hope to read the novel again
5、. 动词不定式作结果状语的用法动词不定式作结果状语的用法 动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎预料的结果，常和 only 连用。如： He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 动词不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语完全不同。 现在分词作结果状语表示顺理 成章的结果。比较： He woke up, only to find he was staying at a hospital. It rained and rained last month, causing the water in the river to rise
6、. 无论是不定式还是现在分词作结果状语，都只能放在句尾，并且用逗号隔开。不定式还 可以作目的状语，这个不定式常写成 to do，也可写成 in order to/so as to。to do 和 in order to 结构既可放置句首，也可放置在句尾；而 so as to 放置在句尾，不能放在句首。不定式作目 的状语放在句尾一般不用逗号隔开；不定式作目的状语放在句首一般用逗号隔开。如： I will sit in the front to/in order to/so as to hear more clearly. He stayed at the school to/in order t
7、o/so as to clean the classroom. To/In order to keep his enemy out of his country, Emperor Qinshihuang had the Great Wall built. In order to/To get there in time, they started early. 这种不定式作目的状语的结构还可以用 so that/in order that(为了，以便)来进行改写，变 成目的状语从句。 In order to/To get there in time, they started early.=T
8、hey started early so that/in order that they could get there in time. 此外， 动词不定式作结果状语也可表示顺理成章的结果， 一般用在以下的固定结构里面。 A. too.to., .enough to., so.as to.的结构 He is too young to look after himself. She has enough money to buy the house. Mary sang so beautifully as to take the first place. 这种结构常可以 so.that./su
9、ch.that./so that(因而)来进行改写，变成结果状语从句。 He is too young to look after himself.=He is so young that he cannot look after himself. She has enough money to buy the house.=She has such enough money that she can buy the house. Mary sang so beautifully as to take the first place.=Mary sang so beautifully, so
10、that she took the first place. 注意：so that 引导的结果状语从句一定要和前面的主句用逗号隔开。 B. never to.的结构 He left the factory, never to return. 巩固练习：用所给词的正确形式填空。 Mr. Li is the general manager of a company in Nantong. Every day he has a lot of things (1)_(do), ranging from sending his daughter to school to dealing with (2)
11、_(vary) of documents in his office. A funny thing happened to him recently. He had an important meeting (3)_(attend) in Shanghai last Friday. He got up early the next morning (4)_(catch) the first bus to Shanghai. To his surprise, the traffic was too heavy and it took him more time to get to the bus
12、 station than usual. He hurried to the station, (5)_(find) the early had left. He had to take a taxi to go to Shanghai. Luckily enough, the driver was so helpful as (6)_(take) him to Shanghai in time. It was funny to hurry to the bus station to take a taxi, but it is worthwhile to do so. 1.to do 2.v
13、arieties 3.to attend 4.to catch 5.to find 6.to take 新牛津高中英语语法讲练十新牛津高中英语语法讲练十作定语和结果状语的不定式作定语和结果状语的不定式(ss) 不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，有很多功能，这其中包括作定语和结果状语。 动词不定式作定语的用法动词不定式作定语的用法 动词不定式作定语一般不止一个词，通常都是动词不定式短语。因此，作定语的动词不 定式放在名词或代词的后面，起修饰和限制作用。如： House prices are too high, so I have no room to live in. I have to hire
14、a room. He showed me the way to do the job. Today is Sunday. I have nothing to do. 放在名词或代词后面作定语的不定式和名词或代词常构成以下关系： 1.前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动形式。如：前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动形式。如： Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He is the most suitable person to do the job. 2.前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾
15、语前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语，但不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语但不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式不定式 用主动形式。如：用主动形式。如： I have a meeting to attend. I am hungry and I want to find something to eat. 这种结构中，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，不能忽视介词。如： Now we can not find any ice to skate on. =There is no ice (for us) to skate on. This is a good topic (for us) to talk
16、 about. 3.前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语前面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语， 但不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或不定但不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或不定 式没有主语，不定式用被动形式。如：式没有主语，不定式用被动形式。如： -Mary, do you have any clothes to be washed after supper. -.No. Thank you. Mother! 这个对话又可以进行这样的变化： -Mary, do you have any clothes for me to wash after supper. -.No. Thank you. Moth
17、er! The house to be built there will be a hospital. 4.不不定式的意思完整定式的意思完整，和前面的名词或代词没有动作上的关系和前面的名词或代词没有动作上的关系，仅起修饰作用仅起修饰作用。不不定式定式 用主动形式。如用主动形式。如： He showed me the way to do the work. She expressed a hope to read the novel again. 动词不定式作结果状语的用法动词不定式作结果状语的用法 动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎预料的结果，常和动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎预料的结果，常和 o
18、nly 连用。连用。如：如： He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 动词不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语完全不同。 现在分词作结果状语表示顺理 成章的结果。比较： He woke up, only to find he was staying at a hospital. It rained and rained last month, causing the water in the river to rise. 无论是不定式还是现在分词作结果状语，都只能放在句尾。不定式还可以作目的状语， 这个作目的状语的
19、不定式常写成 to do，也可写成 in order to，既可放置句首，也可放置在句 尾。 不定式作目的状语放在句尾一般不用逗号隔开； 不定式作目的状语放在句首一般用逗号 隔开。如： I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly. He stayed at the school to clean the classroom. To keep his enemy out of his country, Emperor Qinshihuang had the Great Wall built. In order to get ther
20、e in time, they started early. 这种不定式作目的状语的结构还可以用 so that/in order that(为了，以便)来进行改写，变 成目的状语从句。 In order to get there in time, they started early.=they started early so that/in order that they could get there in time. 此外，此外，动词不定式作结果状语也可表示顺理成章的结果，一般用在以下的固定结构里动词不定式作结果状语也可表示顺理成章的结果，一般用在以下的固定结构里 面。面。 A. t
21、oo.to., .enough to., so.as to.的结构的结构 He is too young to look after himself. She has enough money to buy the house. Mary sang so beautifully as to take the first place. 这种结构常可以用 so.that./such.that./so that(因而)来进行改写，变成结果状语从句。 He is too young to look after himself.=He is so young that he cannot look af
22、ter himself. She has enough money to buy the house.=She has such enough money that she can buy the house. Mary sang so beautifully as to take the first place. Mary sang so beautifully, so that she took the first place. B. never to.的结构的结构 He left the factory, never to return. 巩固练习：用所给词的正确形式填空。 Mr. Li
23、 is the general manager of a company in Nantong. Every day he has a lot of things (1)_(do), ranging from sending his daughter to school to dealing with (2)_(vary) of documents in his office. A funny thing happened to him recently. He had an important meeting (3)_(attend) in Shanghai last Friday. He
24、got up early the next morning (4)_(catch) the first bus to Shanghai. To his surprise, the traffic was too heavy and it took him more time to get to the bus station than usual. He hurried to the station, (5)_(find) the early had left. He had to take a taxi to go to Shanghai. Luckily enough, the driver was so helpful as (6)_(take) him to Shanghai in time. It was funny to hurry to the bus station to take a taxi, but it is worthwhile to do so.
