1、语法专项定语从句 2020 级英语组 一、一、定语从句及相关术语定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，定语从句在句中做定语。被修饰的 名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在它所修饰的先行词之后，由关系词（关系 代词或关系副词）引出。 2.关系词关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 1)关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 2)关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 3)关系副词有 where, when, why 等。 注意： 关系词常有引导定语从句，代替先行词或在定语从句中担当一个成分的 3 个作用。 二、
2、二、考点考点一一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词， 并在句中充当主语、 宾语、 定语等成分。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语指人，在从句中做主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 注意：
3、注意： 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。 The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 4.that 指人时指人时，相当于相当于 who 或者或者 whom；指物时指物时，相当于相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者在宾语从句中做主语或者 宾语，做宾语时可省略。宾语，做宾语时可省略。 The num
4、ber of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替指物时，常用以下结构来代替 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired =The classroom the door of which is broken
5、 will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三、三、考点二考点二介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导关系代词引导 (1) The school(that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) Tomorrow I wi
6、ll bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 注意注意： 1)含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用 which，不能用 that； 2)关系代词是所有格时用 whose (1) The man with whom you talked is
7、my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) 3)“介词+关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者 数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 四、四、考点三考点三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 I still rememb
8、er the day when I first came to the school. 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意：关系副词 when, where, why 引导的从句可由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。 1)The reason why/ for which he refused
9、the invitation is not clear, 2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 五、五、难点分析难点分析 (一一)定语从句只能用定语从句只能用 that 的情况的情况 1.先行词是 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few 等，关系代词应用 that。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has sa
10、id? 2.当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. 3.当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 4.当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing there? 5.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 C
11、an you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (二二)定语定语从句只能用从句只能用 which 的情况的情况 1.在介词后面的关系代词用 which 而不能用 that。即“介词+which（代物） ” The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke. 他花了 1000 美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有。 2.在非限定性定语从句中不能用 that。 Crusoes dog, which was very old now, became
12、 ill and died. 克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。 3.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有 which，另一个可以用 that。相反，如果其中一 个为 that，另一个可以用 which。 Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。 (三三)以以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which, that 引导，而且通常可以省略。引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
