1、 Section Learning About Language 语法专题练习语法专题练习 单元语法精析单元语法精析 夯基提能作业夯基提能作业 单元语法精析单元语法精析 非限制性定语从句 语法精讲 一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 名称限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行 词，不可去掉，否则主句意义 不完整 对整个句子的意义并不重 要，即使去掉，原句仍有 意义 名称限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开 功能先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词起补充说明作用 引导词 a.作宾语时可省略，介词之后的 关系词不能省 b.可用that a
2、.作宾语时不可省略 b不可用that This is the fact that I have collected till now. 这就是我迄今收集到的事实。(限制性定语从句，先行词是the fact) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 那部小说，我昨晚读的那本，非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句，先行 词是the novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(非限制性定语从句，先行词是 前面整句话)
3、单句语法填空 This is an important present, _ I received yesterday. Football is a game _ is liked by most boys. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. which which/that whose 二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 1who，whom，whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 (1)关系代词who，whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。 (2)关系代词who在定语
4、从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语； 介词后用whom，不用who。 (3)whose作定语，先行词是人时，whosen.相当于then.of whom。先行词是物时，whosen.相当于then.of which。 Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长烹调。 Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了很多东西。 The books on
5、the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌子上的书是我们的奖品，书的封皮很亮。 用who，whom和whose填空 But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. Peter, _ you met in London, is now back in Paris. Isobel, _ brother was training for the match,
6、 had heard the joke before. who whom whose 2which，as的用法。 (1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers. 报纸上报道，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 (2)as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 项目aswhich 指代 引导的从句只能指代整个
7、主句 的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的 内容，又可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义正如这，那 She has been late again, as was expected. 她又迟到了，这是预料之中的事。(位于句末) As we had expected, Tom passed the driving test. 正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首) Global warming, as we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters. 众所周知，温室效应已经引发了很
8、多自然灾害。(位于句中) These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not produced any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which 指代 these apple trees) Tom passed the driving test, which made his parents very happy. 汤姆通过了驾照考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which 指代整个主句) He said that he had never seen her before, which was not
9、true. 他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which 指代主句中的宾语从 句) 用which和as填空 By boat is the only way to get here, _ is how we arrived. _ can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. The number of smokers, _ is reported,
10、has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. which As which as 3when，where的用法。 (1)关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表 示时间的词语。 (2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中 表示地点的词语。 (3)when/where有时可以换成“介词which”。 Well put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周，那时
11、天气可能会更 好。 Opposite is St.Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到好听的音乐。 I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home. 我星期日离开的，当时人人都在家。 用适当的关系副词填空 He will put off the picnic until May 1st, _ he will be free. They went to London, _ they lived for six months. The sto
12、ry in the book happened in Canada, _ Doctor Bethune was born. It was on Mid-Autumn Festival，_ all family members reunite, that I left my hometown. when where where when 4介词关系代词引导的定语从句。 (1)关系代词的选取 在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词通常用 whom，不可用 who 和 that；先行词指物时关系代词通常用 which，不能用 that。注意：关系代 词在从句中作定语时，要用 whose。 The youn
13、g man with whom I travelled could speak French. 同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说法语。 This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 这就是她花1,000美元买的戒指。 This is Mr Smith, in whose factory we work. 这就是史密斯先生，我们就在他的工厂里工作。 (2)介词的选取 根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词 与介词搭配构成动词短语。 Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
14、 这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.) She is the person with whom I talked. 她就是我曾与之交谈的人。(talk with sb.) 根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的搭配确定介词。该形容词 与介词搭配构成形容词短语。 He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied. 他带来了老板非常满意的结果。 根据先行词与介词的搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地 点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。 Do you still remember the day on whic
15、h we met for the first time? 你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？ Do you still remember the days during which we worked together? 你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？ 根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从 句中谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子 所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。 This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。 This is
16、 the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。 (3)“介词关系代词”的特殊用法 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开使用，即介词不能提前，常 见的此类短语动词有 look for, listen to, look after, take care of 等。 这就是我正在寻找的手表。 【正】This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. 【误】This is the watch for which I am looking. “介词关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, bot
17、h, all, neither, most, each, few, three, several 等代词或数词(相当于“介词关系代词代词/数 词”)，也可以有名词(相当于“whose名词”)。 I bought many books yesterday, three/most of which (of which three/most) are written by Lu Xun. 我昨天买了很多书，其中三本/大部分是鲁迅写的。 介词 in, on, at, for 等与关系代词 which 一起引导定语从句时，有 时可用相应的关系副词 when, where, why 等替换。 The re
18、ason for which (why) he refused the invitation is not clear. 他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which (where) I was born. 我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。 “the名词of which/whom”一般可用“whose名词”替换，非正 式文体中可以用“of which/whomthe名词”替换。 I came across a sentence when reading the newspaper, the meaning of
19、 which I didnt understand.I came across a sentence when reading the newspaper, whose meaning I didnt understand. 我看报纸时碰到一个句子，我无法理解它的意思。 单句语法填空 She gave me two books, both of _ I didnt like. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. He worked in a car factory for four years, after _ he founded his own company in his hometown. We are short of two people, without _ we will need three more days to finish the work. which whose which whom
