1、 单元核心素养 单元话题导读 语篇解读：钱七虎，中国著名的防护工程专家、军事工程专家、教 育家、中国工程院院士。1960年毕业于中国人民解放军军事工程学院， 1961年赴莫斯科古比雪夫军事工程学院留学，获博士学位，是我国现代 防护工程理论的奠基人、防护工程学科的创立者、陆军工程大学教授。 2019年1月8日，获2018年度国家最高科学技术奖。 Qian Qihuwinner of 2018 top science award Born in 1937 in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, Qian Qihu, a professor from the Army Engin
2、eering University of the Peoples Liberation Army, is a well- known expert in the field of the defense engineering. Qian，also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering， spent about 60 years researching and improving Chinas defense infrastructure (基础设施) against nuclear weapons as well as bo
3、mbs and missiles designed to penetrate underground fortifications.For his contributions，Qian received Chinas top science award at the National Science and Technology Award Conference held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Qians military engineering career began in 1954 when he entered the
4、PLA Military Institute of Engineering in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province.He later studied in the former Soviet Union and returned home in 1965. Qian has received numerous awards for his boundary-pushing engineering projects, including all three degrees of the State Science and Technology Progress Awar
5、ds, Chinas highest honour for technological breakthroughs.He won first prize in 2011, second prize in 1998 and third prize in 1990. In 1992, he successfully engineered one of the worlds biggest non- nuclear explosions at that time by setting off around 12,000 metric tons of TNT inside Paotai Mountai
6、n in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province.The cleared area was used to expand Zhuhai Jinwan Airport. Qian has been a huge advocate for using underground space for urban development.In 2005, he began building one of the most challenging underwater traffic tunnels in Chinathe Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel under
7、the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.The tunnel, lying more than 60 meters underwater, opened to traffic in 2010, and it helped ease traffic congestion. Despite his age, Qian is still on the front lines with his research.He still teaches young engineers and serves as an adviser on major civil proje
8、cts including the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，the longest sea crossing. 词海拾贝 defense n防御 academician n院士；学会会员 numerous adj.大量的 breakthrough n突破 expand vt.拓展 congestion n拥挤；堵塞 Section Reading and Thinking 课内要点探究课内要点探究 随堂达标验收随堂达标验收 夯基提能作业夯基提能作业 课前自主预习课前自主预习 课前自主预习课前自主预习 .重点单词 1_adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2_adj.
9、必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3_vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意 投入(工作、活动等) _adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 _n.投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证 4_n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 _adj.学业的；学术的 crucial vital commit committed commitment academy academic 5_n.目标；目的adj.客观的 _adj.主观的 6_adj.植物学的 7_vt.评价；评估 _n.评价；评估 8_n.性质；特征；财产 9_adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 _n.区别，差别；特点，特性
10、10_n.提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔 出 objective subjective botanical evaluate evaluation property distinct distinction extract 11_vt. she is also our friend. In _ three days, she finished all the work, which surprised us greatly. The person who should be praised is you _ me. other than more than less than
11、rather than 5under construction在建造中 under observation在监视中 under consideration在考虑中 under treatment在治疗中 under discussion在讨论中 (2)“介词at/in/on名词”可表示某种状态或持续的活动，此时名词 前一般不加冠词。 at peace处于和平状态 at table在吃饭 at work在上班 at school在上学 at church在做礼拜 at sea在航海；茫然 in trouble处于困境中 in danger处于危险中 on sale上市；减价销售 on holid
12、ay在休假 on fire着火，失火 on duty值班 on show在展出 on strike在罢工 on trial在审理中 on business出差 单句语法填空 A new highway is said to be _ construction. He is ready to give a hand whenever his friends are _ trouble. Some of his paintings are _ show in the local art gallery. under in on 完成句子 A new power station is _ (在建设中
13、) The two countries once _(在交战) during the Second World War are now _(处于和平状态) The church attacked by the enemy in a war was _(着火) The new couple are _(在休假) in Paris at present. under construction/being constructed at war at peace on fire on holiday 重 点 句 型 1Artemisinin has become a vital part of the
14、 treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就 能救十万人。 The vase is thought to be worth a lot of money. 人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。 Chinese is thought to be spoken even more widely in the world in the future. 人们认为汉语将来在世界上的使用会更加广泛。 Loulan is thought
15、 to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from A.D.200 to A.D.400. 人们认为，楼兰在公元200年至公元400年之间被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。 (2)该句型可与“Its thought that.”互换。 他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。 He is thought to be a learned and modest scholar. Its thought that he is a learned and modest scholar. (3)常用于该句型的过去分词还有said，believed，considered
16、， hoped，reported等。 I havent seen Jack for many years.He is said to be living in China now. I havent seen Jack for many years.Its said that he is living in China now. 我很多年没有见到杰克了。据说，他现在在中国定居。 单句语法填空 _ is thought that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itse
17、lf. My family has a vase, which _ (think) to date back to the Ming Dynasty. It is thought 完成句子 The mayor _(据报道) visit our school next week. _(普遍认为) a good education is beneficial to young people. An agreement _ (被宣布已达成) at the end of the meeting. is reported to It is generally believed that was anno
18、unced to have been reached 同义句转换 It is thought that the Chinese people started to use paper money earlier than westerners. The Chinese people _ to use paper money earlier than westerners. are thought to start 2They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat m
19、alaria, but this did not work either. 然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟 疾，但这也不管用。 有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。试比较： This is a used car. 这是一辆二手汽车。 The method used is very efficient. 所用的方法很有效。 单句语法填空 Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend) with his students. In art criticism, you must assu
20、me the artist has a secret message _(hide) within the work. To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012. spent hidden conducted 完成句子 _(所有相关的专家) will attend the conference. He is one of _(被邀请的人) 句型转换 The bridge built two years ago is th
21、e second longest in the world. The bridge _ two years ago is the second longest in the world. He bought a car which had been used. He bought a _ car. All the experts concerned those invited that/which was built used 3Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said. 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说
22、Upon realizing the importance of environmental protecting，our government takes effective measures to manage it. 一意识到环境保护的重要性，我们的政府就采取了有效的治理措 施。 Last year，upon their return to the country，the girls of the womens volleyball team received praise and flowers. 去年，女排姑娘们一回国，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。 No sooner had he arri
23、ved home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被要求出另一次差。 (6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarelyhad主语过去分词(从句) when/before动词的过去式 Hardly had she gone out when it began to snow. 她刚出门，天就开始下雪了。 (7)At the sight/thought/mention of名词主句 At the sight of him, I remember my brother who is working in Shanghai.
24、看到他我就想起了我那在上海工作的弟弟。 单句语法填空 I will go there _(direct) I have finished my breakfast. _ moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. _ soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. _(when) that man says “To tell the truth”，I suspect that he is about to tell lies. Upon _(arrive) at the office, our Eng
25、lish teacher began to get down to his work. directly The As Whenever arriving/arrival 句型转换 As soon as she heard the exciting news, she jumped with joy. _ the exciting news, she jumped with joy. Upon/On hearing 4Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 后来，用这种药物在疟疾患者
26、身上做试验，他们大部分都康复了。 单句语法填空 More than twenty people were injured in the accident, most of _ were rushed to the hospital nearby. Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of _ is stressed, plays an important part in football matches. whom which 句型转换 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, and all
27、of them agreed that it was the best one this year. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, _ agreed that it was the best one this year. all of whom 5It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. 令他震惊的是，照片中的
28、其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生 了什么。 it作形式主语的常见句型： It is名词(a fact，a good idea, a pity, a shame, no wonder)主语从 句 It is形容词(necessary, clear, strange, important, wonderful) 主语 从句 It不及物动词(happens，doesnt matter，occurs to sb.)主语从句 It is过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected， believed)主语从句 It is important that he sh
29、ould know about this. 重要的是他应该知道此事。 It is said that he has gone to Shanghai. 据说他已经去了上海。 (2)句中what was happening to their fellow countrymen是what引导的名 词性从句，作介词about的宾语。what引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾 语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定 语。 What caused the accident remains unknown. 是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句，在从句中作主 语) This b
30、ook will show you what should be known by good teachers. 这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句，在从句 中作主语) Our city isnt what it used to be. 我们的城市不再是原来的样子了。(引导表语从句，在从句中作表 语) 单句语法填空 _is a pity that he failed to attend my party. _struck me that nobody was in favour of the change. I lived in _ you call ancient Gree
31、ce. It It what 一句多译 我突然想起那天下午我有个重要的班会要参加。 _ that I had an important class meeting to attend that afternoon.(hit) _ me that I had an important class meeting to attend that afternoon.(occur) _ that I had an important class meeting to attend that afternoon.(strike) It hit me It occurred to It struck me
32、 6From this, he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time. 由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们 的精神疾病。 He failed not because he isnt clever but because he didnt work hard. 他失败不是因为他不聪明，而是因为他工作不努力。 Not the workers but the manager is
33、 responsible for that. 对那件事负责的是经理而不是工人们。 Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie. 不仅学生们在津津有味地看着这部电影，他们的老师也是如此。 单句语法填空 Not I but my brother _(be) there already. Neither his parents nor he _(visit) his grandparents so far this month. Not only the students but also the teacher _(be) interested in playing football. Either the team leader or the guides _ (search) for the lost students in the past 3 days. has been has visited is have searched 完成句子 Not they but I _(对感到震惊) the result. Either the expert or his assistants _(将要参加) the meeting. was shocked at are to attend
